See also:
U+514D, 免
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514D

[U+514C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+514E]

U+FA32, 免
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA32

[U+FA31]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA33]

免 U+2F80E, 免
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F80E
𠘺
[U+2F80D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 兔
[U+2F80F]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms edit

A variant form with rather than on top exists.

There is another variant, in which the left-handed stroke is written as two separate components. This variant is adopted by Japanese shinjitai.

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 10, +5 in Chinese, 儿+6 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓日竹山 (NAHU), four-corner 27416, composition ⿸⿻丿(GHTK) or 𫩏(JV) or ⿸⿻丿(U+FA32))

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1358
  • Dae Jaweon: page 264, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 270, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+514D

Derived characters edit

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script
       



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – a man in a hat. Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative (OC *mronʔ) refers to the original word.

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • miang2/miêng2 - literary (including “there is no need”, miêng2 - Chaozhou);
  • ming2/mêng2 - vernacular (mêng2 - Jieyang).
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (4)
    Final () (79)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter mjenX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /mˠiᴇnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /mᵚiɛnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /miænX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /mianX/
    Li
    Rong
    /mjɛnX/
    Wang
    Li
    /mĭɛnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /mi̯ɛnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    miǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    min5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    miǎn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ mjenX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mr[o][r]ʔ/
    English avoid

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9065
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*mronʔ/

    Definitions edit

    1. to take off; to remove from the body
    2. to avoid; to escape; to evade
    3. to release; to set free
    4. to excuse from; to exempt
    5. to discharge; to waive; to forgive
    6. to remove; to dismiss (from office)
    7. to be not allowed; to be forbidden to
    8. (Min Nan) it is not necessary; there is no need
    9. (obsolete) Alternative form of
    Synonyms edit
    • (to remove):
    • (to evade): 避開避开 (bìkāi)
    • (it is not necessary):

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. (historical) Alternative form of 𰬜 (wèn, a kind of mourning apparel)
    2. bud

    Compounds edit

    Further reading edit

    Japanese edit

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1]


    &#xFA32;
    or
    +&#xFE00;?
     
    免󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    免󠄄
    +&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. to avoid, to escape
    2. to release, to set free, to discharge
    3. to exempt
    4. to forgive
    5. to dismiss, to discharge
      Antonyms :

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (めん) (men

    1. dismissal, being made to quit

    References edit

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2023
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 해산 (haesanhal mun))

    1. Hanja form? of (dismiss, discharge, disband).

    (eumhun 면할 (myeonhal myeon))

    1. Hanja form? of (spare, excuse from, evade).

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mấy, mến, mém, mễm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.