反映

Chinese

		wrong side out or up; anti-	reflect; shine
trad. (反映)		反	映
simp. ^#(反映)		反	映

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎnyìng

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan² jing²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fán-yang
Eastern Min (BUC): huāng-ióng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hoán-èng

(Teochew, Peng'im): huang² iang³ / huêng² iang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵fe-in

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǎnyìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˇ ㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎnyìng
  - Wade–Giles: fan³-ying⁴
  - Yale: fǎn-yìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faanyinq
  - Palladius: фаньин (fanʹin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän²¹⁴⁻²¹ iŋ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    反應／反应
    反映
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan² jing²
  - Yale: fáan yíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan² jing²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan² ying²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn³⁵ jɪŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-yang
  - Hakka Romanization System: fan^ˋ iang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fan³ yang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ i̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fán-yang
  - Hakka Romanization System: fan^ˋ (r)iang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fan³ yang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fan³¹ (j)i̯aŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huāng-ióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋyɔŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoán-èng
  - Tâi-lô: huán-ìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoafn'exng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang² iang³ / huêng² iang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huáng iàng / huéng iàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iaŋ²¹³/, /hueŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iaŋ²¹³/

Note: huang2 iang3 - Shantou/huêng2 iang3 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵fe-in
  - MiniDict: fe^去 in
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²fe-in
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fe³³ in⁴⁴/

Verb

反映

(literally) to reflect; to mirror
月夜裡，小徑上反映著一些疏疏落落的枝葉陰影。 [MSC, trad.]
月夜里，小径上反映著一些疏疏落落的枝叶阴影。 [MSC, simp.]
Yuèyè lǐ, xiǎojìng shàng fǎnyìng zhù yīxiē shū shū luòluò de zhīyè yīnyǐng. [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 開門趨往，捫之，竟是絕壁。方知日光從西罅穿入，反映壁上作亮，非門也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  开门趋往，扪之，竟是绝壁。方知日光从西罅穿入，反映壁上作亮，非门也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 清．袁枚《游桂林諸山記》
  Kāimén qū wǎng, mén zhī, jìng shì juébì. Fāng zhī rìguāng cóng xī xià chuān rù, fǎnyìng bì shàng zuò liàng, fēi mén yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(figuratively) to indicate; to reflect
這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。 [MSC, trad.]
这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò. [Pinyin]
The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.

施政滿意度的調查，是反映民情的方法之一。 [MSC, trad.]
施政满意度的调查，是反映民情的方法之一。 [MSC, simp.]
Shīzhèng mǎnyì dù de diàochá, shì fǎnyìng mínqíng de fāngfǎ zhīyī. [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 它從根本上反映的是對公共利益的漠視和輕慢。 [MSC, trad.]
  它从根本上反映的是对公共利益的漠视和轻慢。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2011-09-29, Southern Rural News, “搓板路”反映的是对公共利益的漠视和轻慢
  Tā cóng gēnběn shàng fǎnyìng de shì duì gōnggòng lìyì de mòshì hé qīngmàn. [Pinyin]
  It essentially reflects the indifference to and disregard for public interest.
to express an opinion (usually criticism) to a higher echelon; to report

Synonyms

(to reflect): 反照 (fǎnzhào), 反射 (fǎnshè)
(to indicate): 表明 (biǎomíng), 顯示／显示 (xiǎnshì), 說明／说明 (shuōmíng), 體現／体现 (tǐxiàn), 折射 (zhéshè)
(to report): 報告／报告 (bàogào), 轉達／转达 (zhuǎndá), 稟告／禀告 (bǐnggào)

Noun

反映

reflection; image; indication
作家筆下的文學作品，往往是他個人生活體驗的反映。 [MSC, trad.]
作家笔下的文学作品，往往是他个人生活体验的反映。 [MSC, simp.]
Zuòjiā bǐ xià de wénxué zuòpǐn, wǎngwǎng shì tā gèrén shēnghuó tǐyàn de fǎnyìng. [Pinyin]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Usage notes

Sometimes erroneously used interchangeably with its Mandarin homophone 反應／反应 (fǎnyìng).

Derived terms

反映論／反映论 (fǎnyìnglùn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (反映):

→ Japanese: 反映(はんえい) (han'ei)
→ Korean: 반영(反映) (banyeong)
→ Vietnamese: phản ánh (反映)

References

“Entry #35212”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
反	映
はん Grade: 3	えい Grade: 6
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はんえー [hàń'éé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [hã̠ɰ̃e̞ː]

Noun

反(はん)映(えい) • (han'ei) ^{←はんえい (fan'ei)^?}

reflection

Derived terms

反(はん)映(えい)論(ろん) (han'eiron)

Verb

反(はん)映(えい)する • (han'ei suru) ^{←はんえい (fan'ei)^?}transitive or intransitive suru (stem 反(はん)映(えい)し (han'ei shi), past 反(はん)映(えい)した (han'ei shita))

to reflect
- 1932, Denji Kuroshima, Meiji no sensō bungaku‎^[1]:
  
  明(めい)治(じ)年(ねん)間(かん)、殊(こと)に、日(にっ)清(しん)戦(せん)争(そう)から、日(にち)露(ろ)戦(せん)争(そう)前(ぜん)後(ご)にかけての期(き)間(かん)は、最(もっと)も軍(ぐん)国(こく)主(しゅ)義(ぎ)的(てき)精(せい)神(しん)が、国(こく)内(ない)に横(おう)溢(いつ)した時(じ)期(き)だった。そして、これは明(めい)治(じ)時(じ)代(だい)の作(さっ)家(か)の、そのかなり大(だい)部(ぶ)分(ぶん)のイデオロギーにも反(はん)映(えい)せずにはいなかった。
  Meiji nenkan, koto ni, Nisshin Sensō kara, Nichiro Sensō zengo ni kakete no kikan wa, mottomo gunkoku shugi-teki seishin ga, kokunai ni ōitsu shita jiki datta. Soshite, kore wa Meiji jidai no sakka no, sono kanari daibubun no ideorogī ni mo han'ei sezu ni wa inakatta.
  During the Meiji era, especially the period from the Sino-Japanese War to around the time of the Russo-Japanese War was a time when the spirit of the militarism was most prevalent in Japan. And then this could not help reflecting in ideology of the greater part of writers in the Meiji era.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "反映する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	反映し	はんえいし	han'ei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	反映し	はんえいし	han'ei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	反映する	はんえいする	han'ei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	反映する	はんえいする	han'ei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	反映すれ	はんえいすれ	han'ei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	反映せよ¹ 反映しろ²	はんえいせよ¹ はんえいしろ²	han'ei seyo¹ han'ei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	反映される	はんえいされる	han'ei sareru
Causative	反映させる反映さす	はんえいさせるはんえいさす	han'ei saseru han'ei sasu
Potential	反映できる	はんえいできる	han'ei dekiru
Volitional	反映しよう	はんえいしよう	han'ei shiyō
Negative	反映しない	はんえいしない	han'ei shinai
Negative continuative	反映せず	はんえいせず	han'ei sezu
Formal	反映します	はんえいします	han'ei shimasu
Perfective	反映した	はんえいした	han'ei shita
Conjunctive	反映して	はんえいして	han'ei shite
Hypothetical conditional	反映すれば	はんえいすれば	han'ei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
反	映

Noun

反映 • (banyeong) (hangeul 반영)

hanja form^? of 반영 (“reflection”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
反	映

Verb

反映

chữ Hán form of phản ánh (“to reflect”).

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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