雛

Translingual

Han character

雛 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心山人土 (PUOG), four-corner 2041₄, composition ⿰芻隹)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1368, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
Unihan data for U+96DB

Chinese

trad.		雛
simp.		雏
alternative forms		鶵／𬸅𨿉𪀫𪀩𨿊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雛
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (芻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
煼	*sʰroːʔ
謅	sʰroːʔ, ʔsru, *sʰru
縐	sʰroːs, ʔsrus
鄒	*ʔsru
騶	*ʔsru
搊	ʔsruʔ, sʰru, *ʔsro
皺	*ʔsrus
篘	*sʰru
㑳	zrus, ʔsro, *rnuːb
趍	sʰlo, l'al
趨	*sʰlo
芻	*sʰro
犓	*sʰro
雛	*zro
鶵	*zro
媰	*zro
齺	*zroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chú (chu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): co⁴ / co¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chú
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu²
  - Yale: chú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
  - Palladius: чу (ču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: co⁴ / co¹
  - Yale: chòh / chō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁴ / tso¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: co⁴ / co¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
  - Tâi-lô: tshi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
  - Tâi-lô: tshû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
  - Tâi-lô: sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/

Note: chhû/sû - vernacular (俗).

Middle Chinese: dzrju

Rime
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	仕于切
Baxter	dzrju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuə̆/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒio/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zro/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
No.	1609
Phonetic component	芻
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	䅳
Old Chinese	/*zro/

Definitions

雛

chick; fledgling
- 是月也，天子乃以雛嘗黍，羞以含桃，先薦寢廟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  是月也，天子乃以雏尝黍，羞以含桃，先荐寝庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]
  In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.
infant; toddler
young; small
Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.

Compounds

References

“雛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

雛

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)

Readings

Go-on: じゅ (ju)
Kan-on: す (su)
Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
Kun: ひな (hina, 雛); ひいな (hīna, 雛); ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛); ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛)

Etymology 1

雛 (hina, hīna): Emperor and Empress hina dolls, in front of gold screens. The optional lampstands are also partially visible.

Kanji in this term
雛
ひな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/

Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひな [híꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [çina̠]

Noun

雛(ひな) • (hina)

a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri)
a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below

Prefix

雛(ひな) • (hina-)

diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛 (hina)

雛遊(ひなあそ)び, 雛遊(ひなあそび) (hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
雛霰(ひなあられ) (hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
雛合(ひなあ)わせ, 雛合(ひなあわせ) (hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
雛市(ひないち) (hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
雛会(ひなえ) (Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
雛送(ひなおく)り, 雛送(ひなおくり) (hinaokuri): synonym for 雛流し (hinanagashi): see below
雛男(ひなおとこ) (hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
雛菓子(ひながし) (hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇 (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
雛形(ひながた), 雛型(ひながた) (hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子 (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
雛形尺(ひながたざし) (hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
雛蚊屋吊(ひながやつり), 雛蚊帳釣(ひながやつり) (hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
雛鑑定器(ひなかんていき) (hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
雛鑑別者(ひなかんべつしゃ) (hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
雛桔梗(ひなぎきょう) (hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
雛菊(ひなぎく) (hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
雛衣(ひなぎぬ) (hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
雛罌粟(ひなげし), 雛芥子(ひなげし) (hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
雛事(ひなごと) (hinagoto): synonym for 雛遊び (hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
雛尖(ひなさき) (hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子 (eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
雛桜(ひなざくら) (hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
雛裁(ひなだ)ち, 雛裁(ひなだち) (hinadachi): a 一つ身 (hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
雛壇(ひなだん), 雛段 (ひなだん, hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls; a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
雛鶴(ひなづる) (hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
雛鳥(ひなどり) (hinadori): Synonym of 雛 (hiyoko, “chick”) (see Etymology 3)
雛流(ひななが)し, 雛流(ひなながし) (hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
雛人形(ひなにんぎょう) (hina ningyō): a hina doll
雛(ひな)の臼壺(うすつぼ) (hina no usutsubo):
雛(ひな)の簪(かんざし) (hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
雛(ひな)の錫杖(しゃくじょう) (hinanoshakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
雛(ひな)の節句(せく) (Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri,
雛(ひな)の節句(せっく) (Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
雛(ひな)の使(つか)い (hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
雛保育器(ひなほいくき) (hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
雛祭(ひなまつ)り, 雛祭(ひなまつり) (Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
雛屋(ひなや) (hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
雛欄(ひならん) (hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia
初生雛(しょせいひな) (shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
後(のち)の雛(ひな) (Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
初雛(はつひな) (hatsuhina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雛
ひいな Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/

Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひいな [híꜜìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [çiːna̠]

Noun

雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^{←ひひな (fifina)^?}

(archaic) doll

Usage notes

This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛 (hīna)

雛遊(ひいなあそ)び, 雛遊(ひいなあそび) (hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
雛合(ひいなあ)わせ, 雛合(ひいなあわせ) (hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
雛衣(ひいなぎぬ) (hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
雛草(ひいなぐさ) (hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢草 (kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
雛本(ひいなぼん) (hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
雛祭(ひいなまつ)り, 雛祭(ひいなまつり) (Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
雛屋(ひいなや) (hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls

Etymology 3

雛 (hiyoko): A baby chicken (chick), Gallus gallus domesticus

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/

Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) +‎ 子 (ko, “diminutive suffix”).

Possibly related to Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk), whence modern Korean 병아리 (byeong'ari, “chick”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひよこ [hìyókó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [çijo̞ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko)

chick, young bird
child; youngling, greenhorn

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛 (hiyoko)

雛豆(ひよこまめ) (hiyoko mame): the chickpea or garbanzo bean
雛胚(ひよこはい) (hiyoko hai): a chick embryo

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよっこ Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

/hijoko/ → /hijokko/

Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひよっこ [hìyókkó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [çijo̞k̚ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko)

a chick, a young bird
a child; a youngling, a greenhorn

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雛
すう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u¹.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sɨː]

Affix

雛(すう) • (sū)

young, new, a greenhorn

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms using 雛 (sū)

雛妓(すうぎ) (sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉 (hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
雛僧(すうそう) (sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate
育雛(いくすう) (ikusū): raising chicks
臥竜鳳雛(がりょうほうすう) (garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
伏竜鳳雛(ふくりょうほうすう) (fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
鳳雛(ほうすう) (hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
帰趨(きすう) (kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

雛 (eum 추 (chu))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

雛: Hán Nôm readings: sồ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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