Z
See also: z [U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z], ʒ [U+0292 LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH], Ζ [U+0396 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA], ℤ [U+2124 DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z], 乙 [U+4E59 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E59], ㆸ [U+31B8 BOPOMOFO LETTER GH], and Appendix:Variations of "z"
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TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌆 (z, “ze”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤆 (z, “zayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏭.
LetterEdit
Z (lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth and final letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter Z): Źź Ẑẑ Žž Żż Ẓẓ Ẕẕ Ƶƶ Ȥȥ Ⱬⱬ ᵶ ᶎ ʐ ʑ ɀ ᴢ Ｚｚ DZDzdz DZDzdz DŽDždž DŽDždž
- ☡, a symbol for caution which resembles Z
SymbolEdit
Z
- (metrology) zetta-
- (physics) the impedance of an electrical circuit
- (physics, computer graphics) the depth dimension in a 3D environment
- (physics) atomic number
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for either aspargine or aspartic acid
Derived termsEdit
Derived SI units derived from the prefix meaning zetta-
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of Z, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase Z in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of Z:
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (UK, Canada, New Zealand, General Australian) IPA(key): /zɛd/
- (US) IPA(key): /zi/
- (Hong Kong) IPA(key): /iˈzɛd/, /ɪˈzɛd/ (from izzard)
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛd, -iː
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z, plural Zs or Z's)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the English alphabet, called zed or zee and written in the Latin script.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NounEdit
- A member of Generation Z.
- Alternative form: Zed
- Synonyms: Generation Z, Generation Zer, Gen Z, Gen-Zer, zoomer
- 2017, Martha M. Ellis; Linda Garcia, Generation X Presidents Leading Community Colleges: New Challenges, New Leaders, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 10:
- Take that a step further for Millennials and Zs by crafting an e-mail subject header that does the same but with even fewer characters; […]
- 2020, Zerlina Maxwell, The End of White Politics: How to Heal Our Liberal Divide, New York, N.Y.: Hachette Books, →ISBN:
- The current progressive movement—and certainly the Millennials and Zs—understand that the Hyde Amendment is discriminatory […]
- 2022, Morgen Witzel, editor, Post-Pandemic Leadership: Exploring Solutions to a Crisis, Routledge, →ISBN:
- The current global pandemic is almost certainly a formative moment for younger Millennials and Zs as they navigate through similar challenges.
- (slang) Z-drug.
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NounEdit
AlbanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (lower case z)
- The thirty-fifth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- The thirty-seventh letter of the Albanian alphabet, called Arbëreshë, Arvanitic, or Arvanitika and written in the Latin script. Z, z
- The 10th letter of the Albanian alphabet, called Arvanitic or Arvanitika and written in the Greek script. Ζ, ζ
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
- (Arvanitic) (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
AzerbaijaniEdit
LetterEdit
Z upper case (lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Central FranconianEdit
EtymologyEdit
- /ts/ is from West Germanic stem-initial, geminated or post-sonorant *t.
- For the origin of /z/, see S.
PronunciationEdit
- (German-based) /ts/
- (Dutch-based) /z/
LetterEdit
Z
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notesEdit
- /ts/ may also be represented by ts, tts, ds, dds, mostly when there is an intervening morpheme boundary.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, /ts/ is always represented by ts (or ds). In the German-based spelling, /z/ is represented by s (see there).
Doubling of Z and use in the syllable coda
- In the German-based spelling, doubling of z yields tz, which is used after short vowels. (As z is already a voiceless sound there is no change in coda position.)
- In the Dutch-based spelling, z is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open. Coda z is automatically replaced with s.
ChineseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Derived from 直 (zhí, “straight”).
PronunciationEdit
SymbolEdit
Z
- (Mainland China) A shorthand used to refer to direct express trains.
Etymology 2Edit
Pronunciation 1Edit
LetterEdit
Z
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2Edit
LetterEdit
Z
- The twenty-sixth and last letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notesEdit
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (capital, lowercase z)
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the Dutch alphabet.
AdverbEdit
Z
- Abbreviation of zuid; south
See alsoEdit
- Previous letter: Y
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called zo and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
EstonianEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsett and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in loanwords.
See alsoEdit
FinnishEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called tseta or tset and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with ts.
See alsoEdit
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth and last letter of the German alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
- Doubling of z generally yields tz, but zz is retained in loanwords (chiefly from Italian).
- In German handwriting, the letter Z very often receives an additional stroke in the middle: Ƶ. A lack of this stroke may even make the letter look "incomplete" to a great deal of language users. However, the corresponding grapheme Ƶ is virtually never used in printing.
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called zé and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | Z | Z-k |
| accusative | Z-t | Z-ket |
| dative | Z-nek | Z-knek |
| instrumental | Z-vel | Z-kkel |
| causal-final | Z-ért | Z-kért |
| translative | Z-vé | Z-kké |
| terminative | Z-ig | Z-kig |
| essive-formal | Z-ként | Z-kként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | Z-ben | Z-kben |
| superessive | Z-n | Z-ken |
| adessive | Z-nél | Z-knél |
| illative | Z-be | Z-kbe |
| sublative | Z-re | Z-kre |
| allative | Z-hez | Z-khez |
| elative | Z-ből | Z-kből |
| delative | Z-ről | Z-kről |
| ablative | Z-től | Z-ktől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
Z-é | Z-ké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
Z-éi | Z-kéi |
| Possessive forms of Z | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | Z-m | Z-im |
| 2nd person sing. | Z-d | Z-id |
| 3rd person sing. | Z-je | Z-i |
| 1st person plural | Z-nk | Z-ink |
| 2nd person plural | Z-tek | Z-itek |
| 3rd person plural | Z-jük | Z-ik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (letter name) IPA(key): */ˈd͡zɛ.ta/, */ˈd͡ze.ta/[1]
- (phonemic realization) IPA(key): */t͡s/*, */d͡z/*
- Z is spelt single stem-initially and after consonants. The pronunciation is not predictable and may be /t͡s/ or /d͡z/, though after -l- and -r- it is mostly /t͡s/. It is also spelt single post-vocalically before [j], where the pronunciation is mostly /tt͡s/.
- Between true vowels it is usually doubled as zz. The pronunciation, again, is not predictable and may be /tt͡s/ or /dd͡z/. Chiefly in learned words it may be spelt single, in which case it is predominantly /dd͡z/.
LetterEdit
Z f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-first letter of the Italian alphabet, called zeta and written in the Latin script.
SymbolEdit
Z
- the letter zeta in the Greek alphabet
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Z in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
The letter descended from the Old Italic letter 𐌆 (z) in the Old Latin period, but had long fell into native disuse by the Classical period, when it came back into use, transcribing the Ancient Greek letter Ζ (Z, “zeta”), which had formerly been transcribed S in initial position and SS in medial position. In writings of the Late Latin period, Z frequently takes the place of S and in the third and fourth centuries often represented word-initial prevocalic di.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-third letter of the Classical Latin alphabet, called zēta.
ReferencesEdit
- “Z, z”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Z in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,700/1
- “Z, z” on page 2,125/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-second letter of the Latvian alphabet, called zē and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [zɛt̚], [zɛk̚], [zi]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [z]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [s]
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
NupeEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirtieth letter of the Polish alphabet, called zet and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- (International Standard) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The thirty-first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The thirty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ze, zet, zed, or zî and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RussianEdit
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EtymologyEdit
Derived from запад (zapad, “west”). The Z sign was initially used for vehicles targeted towards southeastern Ukraine, in a manner similar to invasion stripes used by the Allies in World War II. Later popularised by the Russian government on social media as a rallying symbol.
PronunciationEdit
SymbolEdit
Z (lower case z)
- the Roman letter Z, z
- Synonym: зет (zɛt)
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) a dogwhistle for supporting the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Synonyms: (derogatory) полусва́стика (polusvástika), (derogatory) но́вая сва́стика (nóvaja svástika), (derogatory) зва́стика (zvástika)
- #ZаМир, #ZаПобеду (hashtags using Z by Russian nationalists in support for war against Ukraine)
- #ZaMir, #ZaPobedu
- "for peace", "for victory"
- ZOV (a symbol combining V and O, more symbols used on Russian tanks, used by the Russian government and some online users in support for war against Ukraine)
- ZOV (may also be interpreted as зов, or "call forth [to war]")
- Zалупа, роZZия, zвери, Zло, Zомби (derisive online slang terms mocking Russian nationalists)
- Zalupa, roZZija, zveri, Zlo, Zombi
- "dickhead", "RuZZia", "beaZts", "evil", "Zombie"
Usage notesEdit
Russian nationalists replace instances of the Cyrillic letter З (Z) with Z in some words and usernames, and their opponents also use Latin Z's in Russian words to mock them.
Related termsEdit
- зиговать (zigovatʹ, “to use a Nazi salute”), zиговать (zigovatʹ, “to support the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine”)
- zомби (zombi, “a zombie, a fanatical Russian nationalist who supports the invasion of Ukraine”)
- РоZZия (RoZZija, “RuZZia, Russia as the aggressor during the invasion of Ukraine”)
DescendantsEdit
- ⇒ English: zwastika (internet slang, usage of Z by Russian nationalists)
- ⇒ English: Ruzzia (internet slang, Russia being militarised during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: Z (a symbol used by Ukrainians to mock Russia)
See alsoEdit
- V (“V, another letter used as a pro-war symbol”)
- Еле́нский (Jelénskij, “Elensky, slang term mocking President Zelensky for the ban of the Z letter”)
- З (Z), з (z)
- свои́х не броса́ем (svoíx ne brosájem, “we do not leave our own, pro-war slogan”)
- спецопера́ция (specoperácija, “special operation, official Russian government term for the invasion of Ukraine”)
- денацифици́ровать (denacificírovatʹ, “denazify, another Russian government term used for the same invasion”)
Further readingEdit
SaanichEdit
LetterEdit
Z
- The thirty-eighth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Skolt SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
Z (lower case z)
- The thirty-third letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SloveneEdit
LetterEdit
Z (capital, lowercase z)
- The 24th letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by V and followed by Ž.
SpanishEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- the 27th letter of the Spanish alphabet
TurkishEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
UkrainianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Originated from Russian usage of the letter Z as a military symbol, as well as a symbol of support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine (see Z#Etymology_5).
PronunciationEdit
SymbolEdit
Z (lower case z)
- the Roman letter Z, z
- Synonym: зет (zet)
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) a dogwhistle for supporting the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- РоZZія (derisive online slang term mocking Russian nationalists)
- RoZZija
- "RuZZia"
Usage notesEdit
Often used by Ukrainian Internet users and politicians to mock or insult Russians, especially for the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
See alsoEdit
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
Z (upper case, lower case z)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.