侗

Translingual edit

Han character edit

侗 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人月一口 (OBMR), four-corner 2722₀, composition ⿰亻同)

Derived characters edit

𠍟

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 601
Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 148, character 2
Unihan data for U+4F97

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		侗

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 侗

**Small seal script**
s05704

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鮦	duʔ, doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗	tʰoːŋ, tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫	tʰoːŋ, doːŋs
痌	*tʰoːŋ
同	*doːŋ
仝	zlon, doːŋ
銅	*doːŋ
桐	*doːŋ
峒	doːŋ, doːŋs
硐	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
筒	doːŋ, doːŋs
洞	doːŋ, doːŋs
烔	*doːŋ
挏	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
酮	doːŋ, doːŋʔ
鲖
眮	doːŋ, doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕	doːŋ, doːŋs
哃	*doːŋ
絧	doːŋ, doːŋs
姛	*doːŋʔ
詷	doːŋʔ, doːŋs
胴	*doːŋs
駧	*doːŋs
迵	*doːŋs
戙	*doːŋs

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴, tung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung²
  - Yale: túng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung⁴, tung²
  - Yale: tùhng, túng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴, tung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴, tung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/, /tʰʊŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: duwng

Rime
Character	侗
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒紅切
Baxter	duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/duŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/duŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwŋ/
Li Rong	/duŋ/
Wang Li	/duŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侗
Reading #	3/3
No.	12454
Phonetic component	同
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	同
Old Chinese	/*doːŋ/

Definitions edit

侗

^† Alternative form of 僮 (tóng, “boy; young child”); someone childish or ignorant
- 在後之侗，敬迓天威，嗣守文、武大訓，無敢昏逾。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  在后之侗，敬迓天威，嗣守文、武大训，无敢昏逾。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zài hòu zhī tóng, jìngyà tiānwēi, sìshǒu Wén, Wǔ dàxùn, wú gǎn hūnyú. [Pinyin]
  After them, I, the stupid one, received with reverence the dread (decree) of Heaven, and continued to keep the great instructions of Wen and Wu, not daring blindly to transgress them.
(literary) childish; unenlightened; ignorant
- 子曰：「狂而不直，侗而不愿，悾悾而不信，吾不知之矣。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Kuáng ér bù zhí, tóng ér bù yuàn, kōngkōng ér bù xìn, wú bù zhī zhī yǐ.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, "Ardent and yet not upright, stupid and yet not attentive; simple and yet not sincere - such persons I do not understand."
- 侗乎其無識，儻乎其怠疑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  侗乎其无识，傥乎其怠疑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Tónghū qí wúshí, tǎng hū qí dàiyí. [Pinyin]
  I was as a child who has no knowledge; I was extraordinarily slow and hesitating.
- 天降生民，倥侗顓蒙，恣乎情性，聰明不開。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天降生民，倥侗颛蒙，恣乎情性，聪明不开。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE, translated based on Jeffrey S. Bullock's version
  Tiān jiàng shēng mín, kōngtóng zhuānméng, zì hū qíngxìng, cōngmíng bù kāi. [Pinyin]
  When Tian gives birth to the masses, they are naive and ignorant. They give free reign to their desires and original natures, and their intelligence is undeveloped.
^† frivolous; flippant

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǒng, tōng (tong³, tong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ, ㄊㄨㄥ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǒng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǒng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung³
  - Yale: tǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toong
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tong
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung¹
  - Yale: tūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong
  - Palladius: тун (tun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: thuwng, thuwngX

Rime
Character	侗	侗
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他紅切	他孔切
Baxter	thuwng	thuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/	/tʰəwŋ^X/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/	/tʰuŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng	tǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung¹	tung²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːŋ/, /*tʰoːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	侗	侗
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	12442	12445
Phonetic component	同	同
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	通	侗
Old Chinese	/*tʰoːŋ/	/*tʰoːŋʔ/

Definitions edit

侗

^† big; long and big
^† straight; through
- 能舍諸人而求諸己乎？能翛然乎？能侗然乎？能兒子乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  能舍诸人而求诸己乎？能翛然乎？能侗然乎？能儿子乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Néng shě zhū rén ér qiú zhū jǐ hū? Néng xiāorán hū? Néng tǒngrán hū? Néng érzǐ hū? [Pinyin]
  Can you give over thinking of other men, and seek what you want in yourself (alone)? Can you flee (from the allurements of desire)? Can you maintain an entire simplicity? Can you become a little child?