出生

Chinese

		to go out; to come out; to occur to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
simp. and trad. (出生)		出	生
anagram		生出

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chūshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot¹ saang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhut-sên
Eastern Min (BUC): chók-sĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhut-siⁿ / chhut-seⁿ / chhut-seng / chhut-sng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cug⁴ sên¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chūshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chusheng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu¹-shêng¹
  - Yale: chū-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chusheng
  - Palladius: чушэн (čušɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    出生
    出聲／出声
    初升
    初生
    初聲／初声
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceot¹ saang¹
  - Yale: chēut sāang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet⁷ saang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêd¹ sang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ saːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhut-sên
  - Hakka Romanization System: cud^ˋ sen^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cud⁵ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰut̚² sen²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chók-sĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuʔ²⁴⁻²¹ sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-siⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshut-sinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsvy
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sĩ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-seⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshut-senn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsvef
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ sɛ̃⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ sẽ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-seng
  - Tâi-lô: tshut-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Yilan): /t͡sʰut̚²⁻⁵ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-sng
  - Tâi-lô: tshut-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhutsngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cug⁴ sên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuk seⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuk̚²⁻⁴ sẽ³³/

Verb

出生

to be born
出生體重／出生体重 ― chūshēng tǐzhòng ― birth weight

你在哪兒出生的？ [MSC, trad.]
你在哪儿出生的？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ zài nǎr chūshēng de? [Pinyin]
Where were you born?

誰不願意一出生就是含著金鑰匙的富家孩子，誰不願意不勞而獲？ [MSC, trad.]
谁不愿意一出生就是含著金钥匙的富家孩子，谁不愿意不劳而获？ [MSC, simp.]
Shéi bù yuànyì yī chūshēng jiù shì hán zhe jīnyàoshi de fùjiā háizi, shéi bù yuànyì bùláo'érhuò? [Pinyin]
Who doesn't want to be a rich kid born with a silver spoon? Who doesn't want to get something for nothing?
- 谷風布氣，萬物出生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  谷风布气，万物出生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Jiao Gong, Yilin, 1^st century BCE
  Gǔfēng bù qì, wànwù chūshēng. [Pinyin]
  The eastern valley wind propagates qi, the myriad things come forth into life.
(obsolete) to lay down one's own life, to give up one's own life
- 忠臣亦然。苟便於主利於國，無敢辭違殺身出生以徇之。……弘演可謂忠矣，殺身出生以徇其君。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  忠臣亦然。苟便于主利于国，无敢辞违杀身出生以徇之。……弘演可谓忠矣，杀身出生以徇其君。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
  Zhōngchén yì rán. Gǒu biàn yú zhǔ lì yú guó, wú gǎn cíwéi shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn zhī....... Hóng Yǎn kěwèi zhōng yǐ, shāshēn chūshēng yǐ xùn qí jūn. [Pinyin]
  A loyal minister behaves in just this fashion. If he can advantage his ruler and profit his state, he will not consider shirking or evading anything, even killing himself and abjuring life to accompany his ruler in death. [...] Hong Yan can be called loyal. He killed himself and gave up his own life to accompany his lord.
- 鷙鳥逐雀，有襲人之懷，入人之室者，非出生也，後有憚也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  鸷鸟逐雀，有袭人之怀，入人之室者，非出生也，后有惮也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wei Liaozi, c. 4^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Zhìniǎo zhú què, yǒu xí rén zhī huái, rù rén zhī shì zhě, fēi chūshēng yě, hòu yǒu dàn yě. [Pinyin]
  A sparrow, pursued by a bird of prey, flies into someone's arms or enters someone's dwelling. It is not that the sparrow is casting away its life, but that to the rear there is something to fear.

Synonyms

edit

出世 (chūshì) (literary or dialectal)
生人 (shēngrén) (of a person)
落地 (figurative)
誕生／诞生 (dànshēng) (of a person)
降世 (jiàngshì) (especially of an important figure)
降生 (jiàngshēng) (especially of an important figure)

Dialectal synonyms of 出生 (“to be born”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		生, 出世
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		出生, 出世, 誕生, 降生, 降世
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	出生
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	出生
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	出世
Cantonese	Guangzhou	出世
	Hong Kong	出世
	Taishan	出世
	Kaiping (Chikan)	出世
	Singapore (Guangfu)	出世
Gan	Nanchang	出世
Hakka	Meixian	出世
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	出世
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	出世
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	出世
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	出世
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	出世
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	出世
Huizhou	Jixi	出世
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	出世
Southern Min	Xiamen	出世
	Quanzhou	出世
	Zhangzhou	出世
	Kaohsiung	出世
	Yilan	出生
	Changhua (Lukang)	出世
	Taichung	出世
	Taichung (Wuqi)	出世
	Tainan	出世
	Taitung	出世
	Hsinchu	出世
	Penghu (Magong)	出世
	Singapore (Hokkien)	出世
	Manila (Hokkien)	出世, 出生
	Longyan	出世
	Chaozhou	出世
	Shantou	出生
	Singapore (Teochew)	出世
Puxian Min	Putian	出世
Puxian Min	Xianyou	出世
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	出世
Wu	Shanghai	出世

Derived terms

出生入死 (chūshēngrùsǐ)
出生日期 (chūshēng rìqī)
出生率 (chūshēnglǜ)
出生證／出生证 (chūshēngzhèng)
出生證明／出生证明 (chūshēng zhèngmíng)
出生證明書／出生证明书 (chūshēng zhèngmíngshū)
出生證書／出生证书 (chūshēng zhèngshū)

Related terms

出身 (chūshēn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
出	生
しゅつ > しゅっ Grade: 1	せい Grade: 1
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
出	生
しゅつ > しゅっ Grade: 1	しょう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Noun

出(しゅっ)生(しょう) or 出(しゅっ)生(せい) • (shusshō or shussei)

birth

Verb

出(しゅっ)生(しょう)する or 出(しゅっ)生(せい)する • (shusshō suru or shussei suru) suru (stem 出(しゅっ)生(しょう)し (shusshō shi), past 出(しゅっ)生(しょう)した (shusshō shita))

be born

Conjugation

Conjugation of "出生する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	出生し	しゅっしょうし	shusshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	出生し	しゅっしょうし	shusshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	出生する	しゅっしょうする	shusshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	出生する	しゅっしょうする	shusshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	出生すれ	しゅっしょうすれ	shusshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	出生せよ¹ 出生しろ²	しゅっしょうせよ¹ しゅっしょうしろ²	shusshō seyo¹ shusshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	出生される	しゅっしょうされる	shusshō sareru
Causative	出生させる出生さす	しゅっしょうさせるしゅっしょうさす	shusshō saseru shusshō sasu
Potential	出生できる	しゅっしょうできる	shusshō dekiru
Volitional	出生しよう	しゅっしょうしよう	shusshō shiyō
Negative	出生しない	しゅっしょうしない	shusshō shinai
Negative continuative	出生せず	しゅっしょうせず	shusshō sezu
Formal	出生します	しゅっしょうします	shusshō shimasu
Perfective	出生した	しゅっしょうした	shusshō shita
Conjunctive	出生して	しゅっしょうして	shusshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	出生すれば	しゅっしょうすれば	shusshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "出生する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	出生し	しゅっせいし	shussei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	出生し	しゅっせいし	shussei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	出生する	しゅっせいする	shussei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	出生する	しゅっせいする	shussei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	出生すれ	しゅっせいすれ	shussei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	出生せよ¹ 出生しろ²	しゅっせいせよ¹ しゅっせいしろ²	shussei seyo¹ shussei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	出生される	しゅっせいされる	shussei sareru
Causative	出生させる出生さす	しゅっせいさせるしゅっせいさす	shussei saseru shussei sasu
Potential	出生できる	しゅっせいできる	shussei dekiru
Volitional	出生しよう	しゅっせいしよう	shussei shiyō
Negative	出生しない	しゅっせいしない	shussei shinai
Negative continuative	出生せず	しゅっせいせず	shussei sezu
Formal	出生します	しゅっせいします	shussei shimasu
Perfective	出生した	しゅっせいした	shussei shita
Conjunctive	出生して	しゅっせいして	shussei shite
Hypothetical conditional	出生すれば	しゅっせいすれば	shussei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

生(う)まれる (umareru)

Korean

Hanja in this term
出	生

Noun

出生 • (chulsaeng) (hangeul 출생)

hanja form^? of 출생 (“birth”)