U+4FFA, 俺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FFA

[U+4FF9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4FFB]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人大中山 (OKLU), four-corner 24216, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 106, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 736
  • Dae Jaweon: page 227, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 173, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4FFA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qromʔ, *qoms): semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *qromʔ).

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #

Fusion of 我們我们 (wǒmen) (Lü, 1984; Norman, 1988).

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note: gha2 - in certain words.

Definitions

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  1. (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Min) I; me; my
  2. (dialectal Mandarin, exclusive) we; us; our
  3. (Northern Min, inclusive) we; us; our
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (34) (34)
Final () (154) (145)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jemH 'jaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiᴇmH/ /ʔɨɐmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚiɛmH/ /ʔiɐmH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiæmH/ /ʔiɐmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjiamH/ /ʔɨamH/
Li
Rong
/ʔjɛmH/ /ʔiɐmH/
Wang
Li
/ĭɛmH/ /ĭɐmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ɛmH/ /ʔi̯ɐmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yàn yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jim3 jim3

Definitions

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  1. (historical dictionaries only) big

Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Possibly from weakening of (goán) (Tan and Wu, 2011).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix for kinship terms.
    [Hokkien]  ―  án-kong [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  grandpa
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien, inclusive) Synonym of (lán, we; us)

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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trad.
simp. #

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of ((inclusive) we; us)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: えん (en)えん (en, historical)えむ (emu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: えん (en)えん (en, historical)えむ (emu, ancient)
  • Kun: おれ (ore, , Jōyō)われ (ware, )

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
おれ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings


From Old Japanese. Originally a second person pronoun, as used in the Kojiki of 712 CE. Thought to have gradually changed into a first person pronoun from roughly the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.[1][2] Some scholars, however, point out the lack of precedent of a second-person pronoun shifting to a first-person pronoun as an etymological discontinuity; they instead explain the first-person usage as an early corruption of (onore, I, me), with the ancient second-person usage perhaps deriving of a different root.[3]

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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(おれ) or (オレ) (ore

  1. (informal, men's speech) I, me
    • 1905, Natsume Sōseki, 吾輩は猫である [I Am a Cat]:
      (さい)(ぜん)から(だま)っていた主人(しゅじん)はこの(とき)(きゅう)(しゃ)(しん)()たくなったものと()えて「おい(おれ)にもちょっと()せろ」と()
      saizen kara damatte ita shujin wa kono toki kyū ni shashin ga mitaku natta mono to miete “oi ore ni mo chotto misero” to iu
      My owner, who had until then been silent, suddenly seemed to take interest in the photo and asked "Hey, let me see it too."
  2. (obsolete, familiar or derogatory) you

Usage notes

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  • This term is the most casual form of self-address used by men, and is suitable for conversations among close friends or relatives. Conversely, in polite conversation or where polite forms are expected, its usage may be interpreted as disrespectful. For such occasions, (watashi) or (boku) are preferred.

Derived terms

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  • おれら (orera, explicitly plural first- or second-person pronoun)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ 米田 達郎 (2016) 人称詞オレの歴史的変化[1], archived from the original on 1 December 2021 (in Japanese)
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eom, am) (hangeul , )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: em, yêm, êm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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