U+5C4E, 屎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4E

[U+5C4D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5C4F]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 44, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 77294, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 301, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689
  • Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
       

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri): phonetic (OC *hli, body) + semantic (rice). The component was originally three ( , representing , as seen in  ), four ( , representing ) or five dots (as seen in  ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the ("body") component interchangeable with ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the component is mistaken for ("tail"), as seen in  . During the Warring States period, the component became corrupted[1] into .

Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from ("grass") and ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the variant containing , where the tail portion of the component is mistakenly written as . During the Zhou dynasty, was often used as a phonetic borrowing for (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for consisted of with an additional (modern radical form ) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.

Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternative forms emerged:

  • The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
  • Some variants added another radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
  • Existing variants containing the component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
  • The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
  • The tail portion of -based variants became corrupted into , creating 𡲑;
  • The component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
  • Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into , creating .

All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while remained the dominant character variant.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (excrement).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • sái - vernacular;
  • sí/sír/sú - literary.
  • Wu
  • Note: 5u - see .

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (26)
    Final () (17)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter syijX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɕˠiɪX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɕᵚiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɕiɪX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɕjiX/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɕjiX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɕiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ɕiX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shǐ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    si2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shǐ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ syijX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[qʰ]ijʔ/
    English excrement

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 11399
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hliʔ/

    Definitions edit

    1. excrement; poop (Classifier: m;  c;  c;  mn)
    2. secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
    3. residue; waste; debris
    4. (vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
    5. (vulgar) useless thing
    6. (Cantonese) bad; poor; of inferior quality
      英文 [Cantonese, trad.]
      英文 [Cantonese, simp.]
      ngo5 di1 jing1 man4-2 gong2 dak1 hou2 si2. [Jyutping]
      I speak terrible English.
    Synonyms edit
    • (excrement):

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    This is a 破讀破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.

    Pronunciation edit



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (15)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter xjij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hiɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hi/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xjɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hi/
    Li
    Rong
    /xi/
    Wang
    Li
    /xi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xi/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hei1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xjij ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: *qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
    English moan

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 11401
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*hri/

    Definitions edit

    1. Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 Li Shoukui (李守奎) (April 2015), ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻[1], volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 2021-01-11, pages 154-162

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. excrement, feces, poop

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くそ
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    ⟨kuso1/kuso/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, stinky, smelly), 腐る (kusaru, to rot, to become stinky).[2]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (くそ) (kuso

    1. (colloquial) feces, excrement
    Derived terms edit
    Idioms edit

    Interjection edit

    (くそ) (kuso

    1. (swear word) shit
    Usage notes edit

    This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

    Prefix edit

    (くそ) (kuso-

    1. A derogatory prefix.
      (くそ)(じじ)
      kusojijī
      crappy old man

    Suffix edit

    (くそ) (-kuso

    1. A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
      下手(へた)(くそ)
      hetakuso
      crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
      襤褸(ぼろ)(くそ)
      borokuso
      broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ばば
    Hyōgaiji
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo and Mandarin 㞎㞎 (bǎba).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ばば) (baba

    1. (children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
    2. (children's word): something unclean
    Idioms edit

    References edit

    1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[2]
    2. 2.0 2.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun (ttong si))

    1. Hanja form? of (feces, excrement).

    (eumhun 끙끙거릴 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.