baba
English edit
Etymology edit
As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
- father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
- grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
- grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
- baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (variously) /ˈbɑːbɑː/, /ˈbɑːbə/, /ˈbæbə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːbɑː, -ɑːbə, -æbə
Noun edit
baba (plural babas)
- A kind of sponge cake soaked in rum-flavoured syrup.
- (especially among people of East European ancestry) A grandmother.
- 1993, Karen Dubinsky, Improper Advances: Rape and Heterosexual Conflict in Ontario, 1880-1929, University of Chicago Press:
- My baba, Ksenia Dubinsky, tells me that my education makes her proud.
- 2001, Brattleboro Remembers, edited by the Brattleboro [Vermont] Historical Society, Arcadia Publishing
- I walked first for my grandmother, and my mother was sorry she had missed my first steps. My Baba was so proud, my mother later told me.
- 2004, MaryBeth Bond, editor, A Woman's Europe: True Stories:
- As we made eye contact, I slowly began to wonder if she was Baba. I did not know my grandmother though I'd spoken with her several times on the telephone;
- An old woman, especially a traditional old woman from an eastern European culture.
- 1914, Russell Sage Foundation, Wage-earning Pittsburgh:
- Only two women, typical "babas" (peasant women) in the house from which I got my quilt and bedcloth, could be coaxed to pose;
- 1986, Janice Kulyk Keefer, The Paris-Napoli Express:
- Laura hadn't known that anyone's mother could look like that, like the babas you sometimes saw downtown, bandaged in kerchiefs and aprons, sitting toothless in stockinged feet on small verandahs, peeling potatoes or beets or just shaking their heads and grimacing.
- 2003, Colin Michael Hall, Liz Sharples, editors, Food Tourism Around The World: Development, Management and Markets:
- According to some, new volunteers are becoming more difficult to recruit and there are dark suggestions that 'money is being made on the backs of the babas', the dedicated, but ageing ladies who still spend countless hours of their time preparing foodstuffs for the occasion.
- (especially among people of Indian or Chinese ancestry) A father.
- 1849, Edward Bulwer Lytton, The Caxtons:
- The first time I signed my exercise I wrote "Pisistratus Caxton" in my best round-hand. "And dey call your baba a scholar!" said the Doctor, contemptuously.
- 1998, Mulan (movie)
- "The greatest gift and honor is having you for a daughter. I've missed you so." "I've missed you too, baba."
- 2002, Bend It Like Beckham (movie)
- Okay. Okay. Fine, baba. Let's just do it before something else goes wrong.
- 2003, House of Sand and Fog (movie)
- "Do not be disrespectful, son. Look at me." "Baba, were you a Savaki?"
- (Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.
- 1995, Hugh J.M. Johnston, Tara Singh Bains, The Four Quarters of the Night: The Life-Journey of an Emigrant Sikh:
- While I was in Port Alberni, three babas came to Canada to raise money ...
- 2004, Andrew Robinson, Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker:
- But according to Ray, 'all the babas my uncle knew were genuine. None of them was exposed. They were fairly humble people, not show-offs like the Maharishi ...
- 2006, Suraiya Faroqhi, Subjects Of The Sultan: Culture And Daily Life In The Ottoman Empire:
- Most babas had little contact with written culture and are not therefore named in books and treatises.
- (British India) A baby, child.
- 1876, Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay:
- That is to say, if I do not take care, I shall go on calling my darling 'Baba' till she is as old as her mamma, and has a dozen Babas of her own.
- 1904, Rudyard Kipling, Traffics and Discoveries:
- For my child is dead—my baba is dead!
- In baby talk, often used for a variety of words beginning with b, such as bottle or blanket.
- 2004, House (TV, episode 1.14)
- Oh, it's storytime! Let me get my baba.
- 2004, House (TV, episode 1.14)
Related terms edit
Translations edit
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
baba (plural babas)
Related terms edit
Verb edit
baba (present baba, present participle babaende, past participle gebaba)
Albanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ottoman Turkish بابا (baba), whence Turkish baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
babá m (plural baballárë, definite babái)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bába
- inflection of bábë:
Atong (India) edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba (Bengali script বাবা)
Synonyms edit
(father):
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Azerbaijani edit
Cyrillic | баба | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | بابا |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba (definite accusative babanı, plural babalar)
- grandfather
- Coordinate term: nənə
Declension edit
Declension of baba | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | baba |
babalar | ||||||
definite accusative | babanı |
babaları | ||||||
dative | babaya |
babalara | ||||||
locative | babada |
babalarda | ||||||
ablative | babadan |
babalardan | ||||||
definite genitive | babanın |
babaların |
Basque edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Basque, ultimately from Latin faba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba inan
- broad bean
- bean, green bean
- Synonym: babarrun
- blister
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | baba | baba | babak |
ergative | babak | babak | babek |
dative | babari | babari | babei |
genitive | babaren | babaren | baben |
comitative | babarekin | babarekin | babekin |
causative | babarengatik | babarengatik | babengatik |
benefactive | babarentzat | babarentzat | babentzat |
instrumental | babaz | babaz | babez |
inessive | babatan | baban | babetan |
locative | babatako | babako | babetako |
allative | babatara | babara | babetara |
terminative | babataraino | babaraino | babetaraino |
directive | babatarantz | babarantz | babetarantz |
destinative | babatarako | babarako | babetarako |
ablative | babatatik | babatik | babetatik |
partitive | babarik | — | — |
prolative | babatzat | — | — |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Bikol Central edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq, from Proto-Austronesian *babaq.
Pronunciation 1 edit
Adjective edit
babâ (Basahan spelling ᜊᜊ)
- downstairs
- Antonym: taas
Noun edit
babâ (Basahan spelling ᜊᜊ)
- shortness, lowness (based on height)
- Antonym: langkaw
- (dialectal) bottom; below
- Antonym: babaw
- descent
- Synonym: palos
- disembarkment
- Synonym: lusad
- act of going downstairs
- Synonym: hilig
- decrease; lowering of quantity or measurement
- Synonym: ina
Derived terms edit
Pronunciation 2 edit
Noun edit
babà (Basahan spelling ᜊᜊ)
Etymology 2 edit
From padaba (“loved one, term of endearment”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
babà (Basahan spelling ᜊᜊ)
Cebuano edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bâbâ (Badlit spelling ᜊᜊ)
Verb edit
bâbâ (Badlit spelling ᜊᜊ)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Compare abaga.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
babá (Badlit spelling ᜊᜊ)
- to piggyback; to carry someone on the back
Quotations edit
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:baba.
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: ba‧ba
Noun edit
baba
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
Czech edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Dagbani edit
Etymology edit
Unknown.
Noun edit
baba (plural babanima)
- Title of the second chief butcher
Noun edit
baba
Noun edit
baba
Ewe edit
Noun edit
baba
References edit
Fanagalo edit
Etymology edit
From Zulu ubaba, from Proto-Bantu *bààbá.
Noun edit
baba
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Polish baba, probably via French.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
Declension edit
Inflection of baba (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | baba | babat | ||
genitive | baban | babojen | ||
partitive | babaa | baboja | ||
illative | babaan | baboihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | baba | babat | ||
accusative | nom. | baba | babat | |
gen. | baban | |||
genitive | baban | babojen babainrare | ||
partitive | babaa | baboja | ||
inessive | babassa | baboissa | ||
elative | babasta | baboista | ||
illative | babaan | baboihin | ||
adessive | baballa | baboilla | ||
ablative | babalta | baboilta | ||
allative | baballe | baboille | ||
essive | babana | baboina | ||
translative | babaksi | baboiksi | ||
abessive | babatta | baboitta | ||
instructive | — | baboin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Polish baba, introduced in France in the eighteenth century at the court of Stanisław Leszczyński, king of Poland, duke of Lorraine and father-in-law of Louis XV.
Noun edit
baba m (plural babas)
- baba (type of cake)
- baba au rhum ― rum baba
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
baba (plural babas)
- (colloquial) flabbergasted
- 1999, Anna Gavalda, “Ambre”, in Je voudrais que quelqu'un m'attende quelque part, →ISBN:
- C’était un Argentin qui mesurait au moins deux mètres, il souriait tout les temps. J’étais baba devant ses tatouages.
- He was an Argentinian who was at least six foot six. He was always smiling. I was stunned by his tattoos.
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
Attested since the 18th century. From the hypothesized Vulgar Latin *baba, ultimately imitative of children speech on the pattern of the repeated syllable ba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f (plural babas)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “baba” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “baba” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “baba” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
baba
- inflection of babar:
Garo edit
Etymology edit
Likely from Bengali বাবা (baba).
Noun edit
baba
Synonyms edit
German edit
Etymology 1 edit
A link of the term with the English bye-bye is possible but not certain.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
baba
Usage notes edit
- In Austria, especially East Austria, baba is the most commonly used informal term for saying "goodbye".
Further reading edit
- “baba” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “baba (Abschiedsgruß)” in Duden online
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
baba (indeclinable, predicative only)
Hausa edit
Etymology 1 edit
A widespread areal word.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bā̀ba m (possessed form bā̀ban)
- father
- Used as a term of address for a man of appropriate age to be one's father, or who shares one's father's name.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bā̀bā m (plural bā̀bànni, possessed form bā̀ban)
Etymology 3 edit
Probably an early borrowing from Kanuri báwà (“paternal aunt”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bābà f (possessed form bābàr̃)
References edit
- Hausa vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bābā m (possessed form bāban)
- indigo (the plant, or the dye from it)
Higaonon edit
Noun edit
baba
Hiligaynon edit
Noun edit
bába or bâbâ
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
An onomatopoeia.[1] It may be a doublet of báb.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba (plural babák)
- doll (toy in the form of a human)
- baby, infant (very young human child, particularly from birth until walking is mastered)
- (in the possessive, folk songs) baby, darling (term of endearment for a girlfriend, or less often, a boyfriend)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | baba | babák |
accusative | babát | babákat |
dative | babának | babáknak |
instrumental | babával | babákkal |
causal-final | babáért | babákért |
translative | babává | babákká |
terminative | babáig | babákig |
essive-formal | babaként | babákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | babában | babákban |
superessive | babán | babákon |
adessive | babánál | babáknál |
illative | babába | babákba |
sublative | babára | babákra |
allative | babához | babákhoz |
elative | babából | babákból |
delative | babáról | babákról |
ablative | babától | babáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
babáé | babáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
babáéi | babákéi |
Possessive forms of baba | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | babám | babáim |
2nd person sing. | babád | babáid |
3rd person sing. | babája | babái |
1st person plural | babánk | babáink |
2nd person plural | babátok | babáitok |
3rd person plural | babájuk | babáik |
Derived terms edit
- játék baba
Adjective edit
baba (comparative babább, superlative legbabább)
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | baba | babák |
accusative | babát | babákat |
dative | babának | babáknak |
instrumental | babával | babákkal |
causal-final | babáért | babákért |
translative | babává | babákká |
terminative | babáig | babákig |
essive-formal | babaként | babákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | babában | babákban |
superessive | babán | babákon |
adessive | babánál | babáknál |
illative | babába | babákba |
sublative | babára | babákra |
allative | babához | babákhoz |
elative | babából | babákból |
delative | babáról | babákról |
ablative | babától | babáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
babáé | babáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
babáéi | babákéi |
References edit
- ^ baba in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading edit
- baba in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- baba in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Ilocano edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
baba
- below
- Adda idiay baba
- It's down there.
Derived terms edit
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
baba (plural baba-baba, first-person possessive babaku, second-person possessive babamu, third-person possessive babanya)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
baba (plural baba-baba, first-person possessive babaku, second-person possessive babamu, third-person possessive babanya)
Etymology 3 edit
Cognate of Cebuano babá (“to piggyback”).
Verb edit
baba
- to piggyback: to carry someone on the back
Further reading edit
- “baba” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
baba
Kabyle edit
Noun edit
baba m
Kikuyu edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- The first a is pronounced long.[1]
- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 6 with a disyllabic stem, together with mũgwacĩ, nyamũ, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
- (Ndia) The same underlying pattern as that of rũhĩ and mothiũ.[3]
- (Nyeri) The same underlying pattern as that of mothiũ and ruo.[3]
Noun edit
baba class 1
See also edit
References edit
- ^ “baba” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 21. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kagaya, Ryohei (1982). "Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns in Three Dialects: Murang'a, Nyeri and Ndia." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 24, 1–42.
Latgalian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *baba. Doublet of buoba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f (diminutive babeņa)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
- (dialectal) vace
Coordinate terms edit
- dzeds (“grandfather”)
References edit
- A. Andronov; L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 10
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f pers (diminutive babka)
Declension edit
Noun edit
baba f inan (diminutive babka)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “baba”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “baba”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luo edit
Noun edit
baba
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /babə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /baba/
- Rhymes: -abə, -bə, -ə
Etymology 1 edit
Voiced bapa.
Noun edit
baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural baba-baba, informal 1st possessive babaku, 2nd possessive babamu, 3rd possessive babanya)
- father (male parent)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Possibly borrowed from Persian بابا (bâbâ). See Baba (honorific).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
baba (Jawi spelling باب, plural baba-baba, informal 1st possessive babaku, 2nd possessive babamu, 3rd possessive babanya)
- A colonial Straits-born European, Eurasian, or Chinese man (as opposed to immigrant Chinese or European males)
- (archaic) Respectful term of address for a Portuguese gentleman
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “baba” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “باب baba”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, pages 72-73
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “baba”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 59
Mansaka edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq.
Adverb edit
baba
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq.
Noun edit
baba
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, compare Malay bawa.
Verb edit
baba
- to carry
Marshallese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (phonetic) IPA(key): [pˠɑːbˠɑ], (enunciated) [pˠɑ pˠɑ]
- (phonemic) IPA(key): /pˠæɰpˠæɰ/
- Bender phonemes: {bahbah}
Noun edit
baba
References edit
Matal edit
Noun edit
baba
- father
- La katskats tasàk à kəslah iyaw aŋatà à ahəŋ la baba aŋatà gà, tanəfà Yesu. (Mata 4:22)
- And immediately they left the boat and their father and followed Jesus. (Matthew 4:22)
Mwani edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *bààbá.
Noun edit
baba class 1a (plural wababa)
Naga Pidgin edit
Etymology edit
From Assamese বাবা (baba, “father”), Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀩𑁆𑀩 (*bābba).
Noun edit
baba (plural babakhan)
Nefamese edit
Etymology edit
From Assamese বাবা (baba, “father”), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑀸𑀩𑁆𑀩 (*bābba).
Noun edit
baba
Ngarluma edit
Noun edit
baba
References edit
Nkonya edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba (plural ababa)
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀbāˀ, from nursery language. First attested in 1393.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f
- grandma (parent's mother)
- Synonym: babina
- 1888 [1393], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV[2], page 67:
- Meczko bliszszi po swe babe ku te dzedzine
- [Miec(z)ko bliższy po swe babie ku te dziedzinie]
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1868 [1472], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[3], volume XII, page 347:
- Que sibi cessit post matrem suam al. po babye
- [Que sibi cessit post matrem suam al. po babie]
- grandma (any old woman)
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[4], 18, 13:
- Dopyoro bødø rodzycz, yusz bødøczi babø (num vere paritura sum anus)?
- [Dopioro będę rodzić już będęcy babą (num vere paritura sum anus)?]
- woman
- 1907 [c. 1440], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej[5], page 404:
- Babø bik bodze
- [Babę byk bodzie]
- 1895 [1412], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici[6], volume X, page 347:
- Baba stara
- [Baba stara]
- midwife
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[7], page 63:
- Jozef... wyszedł barzo rącze, chcąc wezwać... baby albo panie (obstetrices cupiens vocare)
- [Jozef... wyszedł barzo rącze, chcąc wezwać... baby albo panie (obstetrices cupiens vocare)]
- pear (Pyrus communis)
- 1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2[8], number 206:
- Baba pira
- [Baba pira]
- (in the plural, astronomy) Pleiades
- 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 22:
- Baby pliades
- [Baby pliades]
- Corruption of the proper noun Bala.
- 1930 [Fifteenth century], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[9], 35, 22:
- Spal z zonø otcza swego, ktoreyze to Baba rzekla (dormivit cum Bala)
- [Spał z żoną otca swego, ktorejże to Baba rzeczono (dormivit cum Bala)]
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “baba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phuthi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-bába.
Verb edit
-baba
- to taste bitter
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Polish edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈba.ba/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈba.ba/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aba
- Syllabification: ba‧ba
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish baba, from Proto-Slavic *baba, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀbāˀ, from nursery language.
Noun edit
baba f (diminutive babka or babcia, augmentative babsko or babisko)
- (colloquial, somewhat derogatory) woman, crone, hag
- (colloquial) wife, girlfriend
- village woman (woman from the village)
- Synonyms: chłopka, wieśniaczka
- (childish) grandmother
- village seller (woman who sells things from the village)
- (derogatory) pansy, big girl's blouse (male of weak or cowardly character)
- babka (type of cake)
- Synonym: babka
- (engineering) hydraulic hammer of a pile driver
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- Baba Jaga
- baba-chłop
- babcia
- babeczka
- babiarz
- babie lato
- babimór
- babina
- babiniec
- babinka
- babizna
- babka
- babka bycza
- babka lancetowata
- babka piaskowa
- babka z piasku
- babkowate
- babochłop
- baboholik
- babol
- babon
- babskość
- babstwo
- babsztyl
- babula
- babuleńka
- babulina
- babulinka
- babulka
- babunia
- babus
- babusia
- babuśka
- chłopobaba
- cioteczna babka
- ciuciubabka
- herod-baba
- pies na baby
- rżana baba
- stryjeczna babka
- ślepa babka
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
baba m pers
Declension edit
References edit
Further reading edit
- baba in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- baba in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “baba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- Paweł Kupiszewski (18.07.2022), “BABA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “baba”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “baba”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “baba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 77
- Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “baba”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
Portuguese edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the hypothesized Vulgar Latin *baba, ultimately imitative of children speech on the pattern of the repeated syllable ba.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -abɐ
- Hyphenation: ba‧ba
Noun edit
baba f (plural babas)
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
baba
- inflection of babar:
Ratagnon edit
Noun edit
baba
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
Salar edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Azerbaijani baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
References edit
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1985), “baba”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar], Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 126
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “baba”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 30
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bȁba f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ба)
- (regional) grandmother
- granny, grandma
- (usually derogatory) old woman, hag
- (derogatory) female person
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
References edit
- “baba” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Shona edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *bààbá.
Noun edit
babá class 1a (plural vababá class 2)
- father
- (Christianity) father (priest)
- Synonym: fata
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f (genitive singular baby, nominative plural baby, genitive plural báb, declension pattern of žena)
- (colloquial) old woman
- (colloquial) girl
- (dated) midwife
- (dated) doll
- (dated) puppet
- (dated) hash brown zemiaková baba, now zemiaková placka
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f
Inflection edit
Feminine, a-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | bába | ||
gen. sing. | bábe | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
bába | bábi | bábe |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
bábe | báb | báb |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
bábi | bábama | bábam |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
bábo | bábi | bábe |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
bábi | bábah | bábah |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
bábo | bábama | bábami |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-bába.
Verb edit
-bába
- to be bitter
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From the hypothesized Vulgar Latin *baba (“drooling, infantile talk”), ultimately imitative of children's speech on the pattern of the repeated syllable ba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f (plural babas)
- drool, dribble
- La chacha lavaba, y mientras lavaba, la baba se le caía.
- The maid washed, and as she washed, she drooled.
- slime
- (Venezuela) baby alligator, caiman or crocodile
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *bààbá.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Noun edit
baba (n class, plural baba)
- father (male parent)
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit
- baba mkwe (“father-in-law”)
- baba wa kambo (“stepfather”)
- ubaba
Swazi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-bába.
Verb edit
-bába
- (intransitive) to taste bitter
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq, from Proto-Austronesian *babaq.
Pronunciation 1 edit
Noun edit
babà (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ)
Derived terms edit
- alog na ang baba
- baba sandata
- babaan
- bumaba
- ibong mababa ang lipad
- kababaan
- kababaan ng loob
- kababaang-loob
- kalapating mababa ang lipad
- kalumbaba
- mababa
- mababa ang luha
- mababain
- mababang kapulungan
- mababang paaralan
- mababang-loob
- magpakababa
- napakababa
- ngalumbaba
- pababain
- pagpapababa
- pagpapakababa
- pakababain
- pangangalumbaba
- pinakamababa
- salumbaba
Pronunciation 2 edit
Noun edit
babâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ)
- descent; going down
- getting off; alighting (from a vehicle or animal)
- downstairs; basement
- decrease; lowering (of quantity or measurement)
- fruit picking in season
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, from Proto-Austronesian *baba.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: ba‧ba
- IPA(key): /baˈba/, [bɐˈba] (noun, adjective: piggyback)
- IPA(key): /ˈbaba/, [ˈba.bɐ] (noun:load in boat)
Noun edit
babá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ)
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Adjective edit
babá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ)
Noun edit
baba (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ) (obsolete)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
babâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊ) (obsolete)
- name of the Baybayin letter ᜊ (ba), corresponding to "ba"
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de; Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[10] (in Spanish & Tagalog), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
- Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835), Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.[11] (in Spanish & Tagalog), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
- San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero[12], La Noble Villa de Pila
- page 2: “Abajar) Baba [(pc)] lo q̃ eſta alto”
- page 99: “B) Baba (pc) aſi llaman eſtos [a nueſtra]. B. nombrandola .|. babayaon .|. ᜊ. baba ang maſoſonor dito. B. [eſta que] aqui ſe a de ſeguir. Pero ſi la eſcriven o pronunçian es [ſimplemente]. B. vſanla ſiempre conſonante como noſotros q̃ yere en la bocal como, bata, bang̃is, bago, &c.”
- page 101: “Bajo) Baba (pc) no alto, mababa, ad) cualquier coſa baja”
- page 103: “Barba) Baba (pp) la carne [y no] el pelo o barba ſin pelo [como la] dela muger”
- page 147: “Carga) Baba (pc) de alguna coſa”
- page 147: “Cargar) Baba (pc) enlas eſpaldas algo”
- page 359: “Humillarſe) Baba (pp) y ſujetarſe [en lo] interior”
- page 398: “Lleuar) Baba [(pc) en barco] a alguna perſona”
- page 405: “Mano) Baba (pp) tener pueſta en la mejilla”
- page 414: “Melancolico) Baba [(pp)] eſtar pueſta la mano en la mejilla”
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*babaq₁”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*baba₁”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Taíno edit
Noun edit
baba
Tarifit edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
baba m (Tifinagh spelling ⴱⴰⴱⴰ, plural ibabaten)
Related terms edit
Ternate edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
References edit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish بابا, Nişanyan suggests the current word is a result of onomatopoeia found commonly in many languages. First attested in 13th century.
Cognate with Southern Altai баабый (baabïy, “small baby”), папа (papa), Kazakh баба (baba), Bashkir баба (baba), Uzbek bobo, Uyghur بابا (baba), بوۋا (bowa), Turkmen baba, Azerbaijani baba (“grandfather”), etc.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba (definite accusative babayı, plural babalar)
- father
- Bektashi saint (as in Gül Baba)
- bollard
- (slang) crime boss
- (slang) penis, dick
- (Bursa) roundabout
Declension edit
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | baba | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | babayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | baba | babalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | babayı | babaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | babaya | babalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | babada | babalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | babadan | babalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | babanın | babaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
- Âdem baba
- ağababa
- ana baba
- Arap Baba
- baba adam
- baba bucağı
- baba evi
- baba hindi
- baba mirası
- baba nasihati
- baba ocağı
- Baba Oruç
- baba tatlısı
- baba yadigârı
- baba yurdu
- babaanne
- babacan
- babayiğit
- ballıbaba
- büyük baba
- dedebaba
- devlet baba
- efendibaba
- Gani Baba
- Gül Baba
- Haçkalı Baba
- iskele babası
- kayın baba
- Mimi Baba
- Noel baba
- paşa baba
- Somuncu Baba
- Şam Baba
- üvey baba
Adjective edit
baba
- (slang) top-notch, high-quality, very good
Descendants edit
- → German: baba
Further reading edit
- “baba”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Aktunç, Hulki (1998), “baba”, in Türkçenin büyük argo sözlüğü (tanıklarıyla) [Great Dictionary of Turkish Argot (with Attestations)] (in Turkish), Istanbul: YKY, page 55a
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1980), “baba”, in Türk argosu: Inceleme ve sözlük (Aydin Kitabevi yayınları. Sözlük dizisi; 1) (in Turkish), 6th edition, Ankara: Aydın Kitabevi, page 62a
- Püsküllüoğlu, Ali (2021), “baba”, in Türkçenin Argo Sözlüğü [Turkish Slang Dictionary] (in Turkish), 4th edition, Ankara: Arkadaş, →ISBN, page 35
Upper Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba f (diminutive babka)
Declension edit
Further reading edit
- “baba” in Soblex
Venda edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *bààbá.
Noun edit
baba
West Makian edit
Etymology edit
Together with the polite yaya (“mother”), likely borrowed from Ternate baba (“father”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
Usage notes edit
The term baba is used for addressing one's father, whereas the term fao is used for referring to a father.
References edit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[13], Pacific linguistics
Yoruba edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bàbá
- father, dad
- A term of respect or endearment for an older man, male relative, or a higher ranking man.
- A title for a man of a specific occupation (ex. bàbá-alágbẹ̀dẹ (“blacksmith”)).
Usage notes edit
While bàbá is generally synonymous with baba, bàbá is a more restricted definition.
Coordinate terms edit
- ìyá (“mother”)
Derived terms edit
- bàbá-àgbà (“grandfather”)
- bàbá-ìyá (“maternal grandfather”)
- bàbábàbá (“paternal grandfather”)
- Ikú bàbá-yèyé! (“A hailing of the Alaafin of Oyo”)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
baba
- father
- Synonym: bàbá
- elderly man of wisdom, sage, elder
- Synonym: bàbá
- revered or senior leader or entity
- ògòǹgò, baba ẹyẹ ― The ostrich, the most revered of all the birds
- male ancestor
- Synonym: baba-ńlá
- A prefix for given names in the class orúkọ àmútọ̀runwá, given to children who are believed to be reincarnations of a male ancestor. (ex. Babájídé, Babátúndé).
Derived terms edit
- baba-kékeré (“uncle”)
- baba-nígbẹ̀ẹ́jọ́ (“godfather”)
- Baba-ìṣègùn (“chief healer of a town”)
- Baba-ìyajì (“A prince of the Oyo royal family”)
- baba-ńlá (“male ancestor”)
- babababa (“grandfather”)
- babaláwo (“Ifa priest”)
- Babájídé
- Babánùmí
- Babárímisá
- Babátúndé
- Balógun
- baálẹ̀
- baálé (“head of the household”)
Etymology 3 edit
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Cu | |
Previous: níkùlù (Ni) | |
Next: síǹkì (Zn) |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bàbà
- copper (chemical element, Cu, atomical number 29)
Derived terms edit
- bàbàganran (“bronze”)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bábà
- barber
- Synonyms: onígbàjámọ̀, agẹrun, gẹrun-gẹrun
Etymology 5 edit
Possibly from Etymology 3 (bàbà (“copper”)), in reference to the copper-like color of sorghum
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bàbà
- sorghum, millet, (in particular) Sorghum bicolor
- dark red color, in comparison to the color of sorghum
- Synonym: ẹpọ́n
Etymology 6 edit
Adjective sense derives from ideophone sense
Pronunciation edit
Ideophone edit
bàbà or bábá
Derived terms edit
- rá bàbà (“to hover”)
Adjective edit
bábá
- plentiful
- bábá owó ― Plentiful amount of money
Derived terms edit
- ìbàábá (“secrecy, privacy”)
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-bába.
Verb edit
-bába
- (intransitive) to taste hot, spicy
- (intransitive) to taste bitter
Inflection edit
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukubaba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukubaba | ukungababi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | baba | -babe | |||||||
Plural | babani | -babeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyababa, ngibaba | engibabayo, engibaba | ngibaba | angibabi | engingababi | ngingababi | |||
2nd singular | uyababa, ubaba | obabayo, obaba | ubaba | awubabi | ongababi | ungababi | |||
1st plural | siyababa, sibaba | esibabayo, esibaba | sibaba | asibabi | esingababi | singababi | |||
2nd plural | niyababa, nibaba | enibabayo, enibaba | nibaba | anibabi | eningababi | ningababi | |||
Class 1 | uyababa, ubaba | obabayo, obaba | ebaba | akababi | ongababi | engababi | |||
Class 2 | bayababa, bababa | abababayo, abababa | bebaba | abababi | abangababi | bengababi | |||
Class 3 | uyababa, ubaba | obabayo, obaba | ubaba | awubabi | ongababi | ungababi | |||
Class 4 | iyababa, ibaba | ebabayo, ebaba | ibaba | ayibabi | engababi | ingababi | |||
Class 5 | liyababa, libaba | elibabayo, elibaba | libaba | alibabi | elingababi | lingababi | |||
Class 6 | ayababa, ababa | ababayo, ababa | ebaba | awababi | angababi | engababi | |||
Class 7 | siyababa, sibaba | esibabayo, esibaba | sibaba | asibabi | esingababi | singababi | |||
Class 8 | ziyababa, zibaba | ezibabayo, ezibaba | zibaba | azibabi | ezingababi | zingababi | |||
Class 9 | iyababa, ibaba | ebabayo, ebaba | ibaba | ayibabi | engababi | ingababi | |||
Class 10 | ziyababa, zibaba | ezibabayo, ezibaba | zibaba | azibabi | ezingababi | zingababi | |||
Class 11 | luyababa, lubaba | olubabayo, olubaba | lubaba | alubabi | olungababi | lungababi | |||
Class 14 | buyababa, bubaba | obubabayo, obubaba | bubaba | abubabi | obungababi | bungababi | |||
Class 15 | kuyababa, kubaba | okubabayo, okubaba | kubaba | akubabi | okungababi | kungababi | |||
Class 17 | kuyababa, kubaba | okubabayo, okubaba | kubaba | akubabi | okungababi | kungababi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngibabile, ngibabē | engibabile, engibabē | ngibabile, ngibabē | angibabanga | engingababanga | ngingababanga | |||
2nd singular | ubabile, ubabē | obabile, obabē | ubabile, ubabē | awubabanga | ongababanga | ungababanga | |||
1st plural | sibabile, sibabē | esibabile, esibabē | sibabile, sibabē | asibabanga | esingababanga | singababanga | |||
2nd plural | nibabile, nibabē | enibabile, enibabē | nibabile, nibabē | anibabanga | eningababanga | ningababanga | |||
Class 1 | ubabile, ubabē | obabile, obabē | ebabile, ebabē | akababanga | ongababanga | engababanga | |||
Class 2 | bababile, bababē | abababile, abababē | bebabile, bebabē | abababanga | abangababanga | bengababanga | |||
Class 3 | ubabile, ubabē | obabile, obabē | ubabile, ubabē | awubabanga | ongababanga | ungababanga | |||
Class 4 | ibabile, ibabē | ebabile, ebabē | ibabile, ibabē | ayibabanga | engababanga | ingababanga | |||
Class 5 | libabile, libabē | elibabile, elibabē | libabile, libabē | alibabanga | elingababanga | lingababanga | |||
Class 6 | ababile, ababē | ababile, ababē | ebabile, ebabē | awababanga | angababanga | engababanga | |||
Class 7 | sibabile, sibabē | esibabile, esibabē | sibabile, sibabē | asibabanga | esingababanga | singababanga | |||
Class 8 | zibabile, zibabē | ezibabile, ezibabē | zibabile, zibabē | azibabanga | ezingababanga | zingababanga | |||
Class 9 | ibabile, ibabē | ebabile, ebabē | ibabile, ibabē | ayibabanga | engababanga | ingababanga | |||
Class 10 | zibabile, zibabē | ezibabile, ezibabē | zibabile, zibabē | azibabanga | ezingababanga | zingababanga | |||
Class 11 | lubabile, lubabē | olubabile, olubabē | lubabile, lubabē | alubabanga | olungababanga | lungababanga | |||
Class 14 | bubabile, bubabē | obubabile, obubabē | bubabile, bubabē | abubabanga | obungababanga | bungababanga | |||
Class 15 | kubabile, kubabē | okubabile, okubabē | kubabile, kubabē | akubabanga | okungababanga | kungababanga | |||
Class 17 | kubabile, kubabē | okubabile, okubabē | kubabile, kubabē | akubabanga | okungababanga | kungababanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngābaba | engābaba | ngābaba | angibabanga | engingababanga | ngingababanga | |||
2nd singular | wābaba | owābaba | wābaba | awubabanga | ongababanga | ungababanga | |||
1st plural | sābaba | esābaba | sābaba | asibabanga | esingababanga | singababanga | |||
2nd plural | nābaba | enābaba | nābaba | anibabanga | eningababanga | ningababanga | |||
Class 1 | wābaba | owābaba | ābaba | akababanga | ongababanga | engababanga | |||
Class 2 | bābaba | abābaba | bābaba | abababanga | abangababanga | bengababanga | |||
Class 3 | wābaba | owābaba | wābaba | awubabanga | ongababanga | ungababanga | |||
Class 4 | yābaba | eyābaba | yābaba | ayibabanga | engababanga | ingababanga | |||
Class 5 | lābaba | elābaba | lābaba | alibabanga | elingababanga | lingababanga | |||
Class 6 | ābaba | ābaba | ābaba | awababanga | angababanga | engababanga | |||
Class 7 | sābaba | esābaba | sābaba | asibabanga | esingababanga | singababanga | |||
Class 8 | zābaba | ezābaba | zābaba | azibabanga | ezingababanga | zingababanga | |||
Class 9 | yābaba | eyābaba | yābaba | ayibabanga | engababanga | ingababanga | |||
Class 10 | zābaba | ezābaba | zābaba | azibabanga | ezingababanga | zingababanga | |||
Class 11 | lwābaba | olwābaba | lwābaba | alubabanga | olungababanga | lungababanga | |||
Class 14 | bābaba | obābaba | bābaba | abubabanga | obungababanga | bungababanga | |||
Class 15 | kwābaba | okwābaba | kwābaba | akubabanga | okungababanga | kungababanga | |||
Class 17 | kwābaba | okwābaba | kwābaba | akubabanga | okungababanga | kungababanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingababa | — | ngingababa | ngingebabe | — | ngingebabe | |||
2nd singular | ungababa | — | ungababa | ungebabe | — | ungebabe | |||
1st plural | singababa | — | singababa | singebabe | — | singebabe | |||
2nd plural | ningababa | — | ningababa | ningebabe | — | ningebabe | |||
Class 1 | angababa | — | engababa | angebabe | — | engebabe | |||
Class 2 | bangababa | — | bengababa | bangebabe | — | bengebabe | |||
Class 3 | ungababa | — | ungababa | ungebabe | — | ungebabe | |||
Class 4 | ingababa | — | ingababa | ingebabe | — | ingebabe | |||
Class 5 | lingababa | — | lingababa | lingebabe | — | lingebabe | |||
Class 6 | angababa | — | engababa | angebabe | — | engebabe | |||
Class 7 | singababa | — | singababa | singebabe | — | singebabe | |||
Class 8 | zingababa | — | zingababa | zingebabe | — | zingebabe | |||
Class 9 | ingababa | — | ingababa | ingebabe | — | ingebabe | |||
Class 10 | zingababa | — | zingababa | zingebabe | — | zingebabe | |||
Class 11 | lungababa | — | lungababa | lungebabe | — | lungebabe | |||
Class 14 | bungababa | — | bungababa | bungebabe | — | bungebabe | |||
Class 15 | kungababa | — | kungababa | kungebabe | — | kungebabe | |||
Class 17 | kungababa | — | kungababa | kungebabe | — | kungebabe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizobaba | engizobaba | ngizobaba | angizubaba | engingezubaba | ngingezubaba | |||
2nd singular | uzobaba | ozobaba | uzobaba | awuzubaba | ongezubaba | ungezubaba | |||
1st plural | sizobaba | esizobaba | sizobaba | asizubaba | esingezubaba | singezubaba | |||
2nd plural | nizobaba | enizobaba | nizobaba | anizubaba | eningezubaba | ningezubaba | |||
Class 1 | uzobaba | ozobaba | ezobaba | akazubaba | ongezubaba | engezubaba | |||
Class 2 | bazobaba | abazobaba | bezobaba | abazubaba | abangezubaba | bengezubaba | |||
Class 3 | uzobaba | ozobaba | uzobaba | awuzubaba | ongezubaba | ungezubaba | |||
Class 4 | izobaba | ezobaba | izobaba | ayizubaba | engezubaba | ingezubaba | |||
Class 5 | lizobaba | elizobaba | lizobaba | alizubaba | elingezubaba | lingezubaba | |||
Class 6 | azobaba | azobaba | ezobaba | awazubaba | angezubaba | engezubaba | |||
Class 7 | sizobaba | esizobaba | sizobaba | asizubaba | esingezubaba | singezubaba | |||
Class 8 | zizobaba | ezizobaba | zizobaba | azizubaba | ezingezubaba | zingezubaba | |||
Class 9 | izobaba | ezobaba | izobaba | ayizubaba | engezubaba | ingezubaba | |||
Class 10 | zizobaba | ezizobaba | zizobaba | azizubaba | ezingezubaba | zingezubaba | |||
Class 11 | luzobaba | oluzobaba | luzobaba | aluzubaba | olungezubaba | lungezubaba | |||
Class 14 | buzobaba | obuzobaba | buzobaba | abuzubaba | obungezubaba | bungezubaba | |||
Class 15 | kuzobaba | okuzobaba | kuzobaba | akuzubaba | okungezubaba | kungezubaba | |||
Class 17 | kuzobaba | okuzobaba | kuzobaba | akuzubaba | okungezubaba | kungezubaba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyobaba | engiyobaba | ngiyobaba | angiyubaba | engingeyubaba | ngingeyubaba | |||
2nd singular | uyobaba | oyobaba | uyobaba | awuyubaba | ongeyubaba | ungeyubaba | |||
1st plural | siyobaba | esiyobaba | siyobaba | asiyubaba | esingeyubaba | singeyubaba | |||
2nd plural | niyobaba | eniyobaba | niyobaba | aniyubaba | eningeyubaba | ningeyubaba | |||
Class 1 | uyobaba | oyobaba | eyobaba | akayubaba | ongeyubaba | engeyubaba | |||
Class 2 | bayobaba | abayobaba | beyobaba | abayubaba | abangeyubaba | bengeyubaba | |||
Class 3 | uyobaba | oyobaba | uyobaba | awuyubaba | ongeyubaba | ungeyubaba | |||
Class 4 | iyobaba | eyobaba | iyobaba | ayiyubaba | engeyubaba | ingeyubaba | |||
Class 5 | liyobaba | eliyobaba | liyobaba | aliyubaba | elingeyubaba | lingeyubaba | |||
Class 6 | ayobaba | ayobaba | eyobaba | awayubaba | angeyubaba | engeyubaba | |||
Class 7 | siyobaba | esiyobaba | siyobaba | asiyubaba | esingeyubaba | singeyubaba | |||
Class 8 | ziyobaba | eziyobaba | ziyobaba | aziyubaba | ezingeyubaba | zingeyubaba | |||
Class 9 | iyobaba | eyobaba | iyobaba | ayiyubaba | engeyubaba | ingeyubaba | |||
Class 10 | ziyobaba | eziyobaba | ziyobaba | aziyubaba | ezingeyubaba | zingeyubaba | |||
Class 11 | luyobaba | oluyobaba | luyobaba | aluyubaba | olungeyubaba | lungeyubaba | |||
Class 14 | buyobaba | obuyobaba | buyobaba | abuyubaba | obungeyubaba | bungeyubaba | |||
Class 15 | kuyobaba | okuyobaba | kuyobaba | akuyubaba | okungeyubaba | kungeyubaba | |||
Class 17 | kuyobaba | okuyobaba | kuyobaba | akuyubaba | okungeyubaba | kungeyubaba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngibabe | ngingababi | |||||||
2nd singular | ubabe | ungababi | |||||||
1st plural | sibabe | singababi | |||||||
2nd plural | nibabe | ningababi | |||||||
Class 1 | ababe | angababi | |||||||
Class 2 | bababe | bangababi | |||||||
Class 3 | ubabe | ungababi | |||||||
Class 4 | ibabe | ingababi | |||||||
Class 5 | libabe | lingababi | |||||||
Class 6 | ababe | angababi | |||||||
Class 7 | sibabe | singababi | |||||||
Class 8 | zibabe | zingababi | |||||||
Class 9 | ibabe | ingababi | |||||||
Class 10 | zibabe | zingababi | |||||||
Class 11 | lubabe | lungababi | |||||||
Class 14 | bubabe | bungababi | |||||||
Class 15 | kubabe | kungababi | |||||||
Class 17 | kubabe | kungababi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngababa | ngangababa, angababa, angangababa | |||||||
2nd singular | wababa | wangababa, awababa, awangababa | |||||||
1st plural | sababa | sangababa, asababa, asangababa | |||||||
2nd plural | nababa | nangababa, anababa, anangababa | |||||||
Class 1 | wababa | wangababa, akababa, akangababa | |||||||
Class 2 | bababa | bangababa, abababa, abangababa | |||||||
Class 3 | wababa | wangababa, awababa, awangababa | |||||||
Class 4 | yababa | yangababa, ayababa, ayangababa | |||||||
Class 5 | lababa | langababa, alababa, alangababa | |||||||
Class 6 | ababa | angababa, awababa, awangababa | |||||||
Class 7 | sababa | sangababa, asababa, asangababa | |||||||
Class 8 | zababa | zangababa, azababa, azangababa | |||||||
Class 9 | yababa | yangababa, ayababa, ayangababa | |||||||
Class 10 | zababa | zangababa, azababa, azangababa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwababa | lwangababa, alwababa, alwangababa | |||||||
Class 14 | bababa | bangababa, abababa, abangababa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwababa | kwangababa, akwababa, akwangababa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwababa | kwangababa, akwababa, akwangababa |
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
baba
References edit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ɓaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ɓaɓa (3.9) v.”
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ɓaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ɓaɓa (3-5.4) voc. interj.”