Wiktionary

貨

See also: 货, 賃, and 貸
貨 U+8CA8, 貨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8
← 貧
[U+8CA7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual Edit

Han character Edit

貨 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 24806, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 1205, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese Edit

trad. 貨
simp. 货

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋʷaːls): phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Etymology Edit

Related to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “to change”), 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation Edit

Note:
  • hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
  • hò/hòⁿ - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 貨
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 戈 (95)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 呼臥切
    Baxter xwaH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/huɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/huɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwaH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuɑH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xuɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xuɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fo3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 貨
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huò
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwaH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
    English (movable) property, goods

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 貨
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5325
    Phonetic
    component         		化
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		貨
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋʷaːls/

    Definitions Edit

    貨

    1. (literary) money and goods; property
      殺人越貨／杀人越货  ―  shārényuèhuò  ―  to kill people for their property
    2. goods; commodities; products
      現貨／现货  ―  xiànhuò  ―  merchandise in stock
      百貨／百货  ―  bǎihuò  ―  general merchandise
      退貨／退货  ―  tuìhuò  ―  to return goods or merchandise
      今日會有批貨送到嚟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      今日会有批货送到嚟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      gam1 jat6 wui5 jau5 pai1 fo3 sung3 dou3 lai4. [Jyutping]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    3. currency
      通貨／通货  ―  tōnghuò  ―  currency
    4. (derogatory) used to refer to a person
      吃貨／吃货  ―  chīhuò  ―  one who eats all day and does nothing
      蠢貨／蠢货  ―  chǔnhuò  ―  idiot
    5. (Min Nan) thing; stuff
    6. (obsolete) to bribe
    7. (obsolete) to buy; to purchase
    8. (obsolete) to sell
    9. a surname

    Compounds Edit

    References Edit

    Japanese Edit

    Kanji Edit

    貨

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings Edit

    Compounds Edit

    Etymology Edit

    Kanji in this term
    貨
    か
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 貨 (MC xwaH).

    Affix Edit

    貨(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

    1. currency
    2. goods
    3. treasure

    Korean Edit

    Hanja Edit

    貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese Edit

    Han character Edit

    貨: Hán Nôm readings: hóa/hoá

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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