龜
|
|
|
|
|
![]() | ||||||||
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order (Hong Kong) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order (alternative) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Traditional | 龜 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 亀 |
Simplified | 龟 |
Han character
edit龜 (Kangxi radical 213, 龜+0, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 16 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 竹月尸尸 (HBSS) or 弓難山 (NXU), four-corner 27117, composition ⿱⺈⿹⿷⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊コ㐅𢑑(H) or ⿱⺈⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅(G) or ⿱丿⿻⿻冂⿰一⿺乚⺊⿻コ⿴⿹𠃌⺕㐅)
- Kangxi radical #213, ⿔.
Derived characters
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1537, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48847
- Dae Jaweon: page 2078, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4809, character 4
- Unihan data for U+9F9C
Chinese
edittrad. | 龜 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 龟 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 龜 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) : A drawing of a turtle seen from the side and from above (Bronze inscriptions).
Etymology 1
editAustroasiatic. Compare Mon ဂွိ (gwi, “soft-shell turtle”), Nyah Kur ทะวี่ʔ (tha wìiʼ, “soft-shell turtle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gui1 / kui1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gui1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gui1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciu; 1kue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): guei1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guei
- Wade–Giles: kuei1
- Yale: gwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guei
- Palladius: гуй (guj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gui1 / kui1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gui / kui
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei⁵⁵/, /kʰuei⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwai1
- Yale: gwāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwai1
- Guangdong Romanization: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gei1 / gei1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei³³/, /kei³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûi
- Hakka Romanization System: guiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gui1
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gui1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuei¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- ku - vernacular;
- kui - literary.
- 1jy - vernacular;
- 1kue - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: guei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯e̞i̯³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kwij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷrə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯ/
Definitions
edit龜
- turtle; tortoise (Classifier: 隻/只 c)
- 何謂四靈?麟鳳龜龍,謂之四靈。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Héwèi sìlíng? Lín fèng guī lóng, wèi zhī sìlíng. [Pinyin]
- What are the four numinous animals? The lin, the feng, the tortoise, and the dragon; those are called the four numinous animals.
何谓四灵?麟凤龟龙,谓之四灵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (figurative) cuckold
- (Cantonese, humorous) signature (Classifier: 隻/只 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) police
Synonyms
edit- (tortoise):
Compounds
edit- 不待蓍龜/不待蓍龟 (bùdàishīguī)
- 九尾龜/九尾龟
- 兔角龜毛/兔角龟毛
- 六龜/六龟 (Liùguī, “Liouguei”)
- 六龜茶/六龟茶
- 冊府元龜/册府元龟
- 厾龜/厾龟 (tuh-ku) (Min Nan)
- 援鱉失龜/援鳖失龟
- 撥龜/拨龟
- 攝龜/摄龟
- 槓龜/杠龟 (gàngguī)
- 毛寶放龜/毛宝放龟
- 海龜/海龟 (hǎiguī)
- 灼龜/灼龟
- 烏龜/乌龟 (wūguī)
- 烏龜亡八/乌龟亡八
- 爛板烏龜/烂板乌龟
- 瓦影龜魚/瓦影龟鱼
- 白龜年/白龟年
- 紅龜/红龟 (âng-ku) (Min Nan)
- 縮頭烏龜/缩头乌龟 (suōtóu wūguī)
- 蓍龜/蓍龟 (shīguī)
- 蝸步龜移/蜗步龟移 (wōbùguīyí)
- 蟬腹龜腸/蝉腹龟肠
- 蠵龜/蠵龟 (xīguī)
- 解龜/解龟
- 象龜/象龟
- 金龜/金龟 (jīnguī)
- 金龜婿/金龟婿 (jīnguīxù)
- 金龜子/金龟子 (jīnguīzǐ)
- 金龜車/金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
- 釣金龜/钓金龟
- 鐵雲藏龜/铁云藏龟
- 鴦龜/鸯龟
- 鶴算龜齡/鹤算龟龄
- 麟鳳龜龍/麟凤龟龙
- 龜兆/龟兆 (guīzhào)
- 龜兒子/龟儿子 (guī'érzi)
- 龜兔賽跑/龟兔赛跑
- 龜卜/龟卜 (guībǔ)
- 龜卦/龟卦
- 龜吼/龟吼 (Guīhǒu)
- 龜坼/龟坼
- 龜奴/龟奴
- 龜婆/龟婆 (guīpó)
- 龜子/龟子 (guīzǐ)
- 龜山/龟山 (Guīshān)
- 龜年/龟年
- 龜年鶴壽/龟年鹤寿
- 龜文/龟文
- 龜文鳥跡/龟文鸟迹
- 龜殼花/龟壳花 (guīkéhuā)
- 龜毛/龟毛 (guīmáo)
- 龜毛兔角/龟毛兔角 (guīmáotùjiǎo)
- 龜灼/龟灼
- 龜版/龟版
- 龜玉/龟玉
- 龜甲/龟甲 (guījiǎ)
- 龜策/龟策
- 龜筴/龟策
- 龜筮/龟筮
- 龜紐/龟纽
- 龜紋/龟纹
- 龜綬/龟绶
- 龜縮/龟缩 (guīsuō)
- 龜背芋/龟背芋
- 龜苓膏/龟苓膏 (guīlínggāo)
- 龜蛇二將/龟蛇二将
- 龜行/龟行
- 龜貝/龟贝
- 龜趺/龟趺 (guīfū)
- 龜速/龟速 (guīsù)
- 龜鑑/龟鉴 (guījiàn)
- 龜頭/龟头 (guītóu)
- 龜鱉目/龟鳖目
- 龜鶴/龟鹤
- 龜鶴同春/龟鹤同春
- 龜鼎/龟鼎
- 龜齡/龟龄
- 龜齡鶴算/龟龄鹤算
- 龜龍麟鳳/龟龙麟凤
Descendants
edit- → Zhuang: gvi
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
- Wade–Giles: chʻiu1
- Yale: chyōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
- Palladius: цю (cju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kau1 / gau1
- Yale: kāu / gāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: kau1 / gau1
- Guangdong Romanization: keo1 / geo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯ/
Definitions
edit龜
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
- Wade–Giles: chün1
- Yale: jyūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
- Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwan1
- Yale: gwān
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwan1
- Guangdong Romanization: guen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Definitions
edit龜
- (of skin) to crack; to become chapped
- 宋人有善為不龜手之藥者,世世以洴澼絖為事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Sòng rén yǒu shàn wéi bù jūnshǒu zhī yào zhě, shìshì yǐ píngpìkuàng wéi shì. [Pinyin]
- There was a man of Song who was skilful at making a salve for chapped hands; and (his family) for generations had made the bleaching of cocoon-silk their business.
宋人有善为不龟手之药者,世世以洴澼𬘢为事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
editJapanese
edit亀 | |
龜 |
Kanji
edit(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亀)
Readings
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw), as in 龜茲 (Kyūji)
Definitions
editKanji in this term |
---|
龜 |
かめ Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Kanji in this term |
---|
龜 |
き Hyōgai |
on'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 龜 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 龜, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kwij).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 귀 (kwuy)訓 (Yale: kwuy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɥi] ~ [ky]
- Phonetic hangul: [귀]
Hanja
editCompounds
edit- 귀갑 (龜甲, gwigap)
- 귀각 (龜殼, gwigak)
- 귀모 (龜毛, gwimo)
- 귀배 (龜背, gwibae)
- 귀별 (龜鼈, gwibyeol)
- 귀복 (龜卜, gwibok)
- 귀옥 (龜玉, gwiok)
- 귀점 (龜占, gwijeom)
- 귀패 (龜貝, gwipae)
- 귀판 (龜板, gwipan)
- 맹귀 (盲龜, maenggwi)
- 수귀 (水龜, sugwi)
- 신귀 (神龜, sin'gwi)
- 영귀 (靈龜, yeonggwi)
- 장귀 (長龜, janggwi)
- 진귀 (秦龜, jin'gwi)
- 해귀 (海龜, haegwi)
- 휴귀 (蠵龜, hyugwi)
- 귀두 (龜頭, gwidu)
- 귀감 (龜鑑, gwigam, “warning; self-criticism”)
- 귀선 (龜船, gwiseon, “Turtle ship”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜 (MC kjuw).
- Recorded as Middle Korean 쿠ᇢ (Yale: khwuw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Early Modern Korean 구韻 (Yale: kwu) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
Hanja
edit龜 (eumhun 땅 이름 구 (ttang ireum gu))
- hanja form? of 구 (“used in placenames”)
Compounds
editEtymology 3
editFrom Middle Chinese 龜.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 균 (Yale: kyun) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjun]
- Phonetic hangul: [균]
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Old Japanese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Japonic *kamaCi.[1]
Noun
edit龜 (kame2) (kana かめ)
- a tortoise, turtle
- 711–712, Kojiki, middle volume (Yamasachihiko and Umisachihiko):
- ...乘二龜甲一爲レ釣乍打羽擧來人遇二于速吸門一...
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 720, Nihon Shoki:
- 難波癬龜(倶毗柯梅)
- nanipa tapi₁kame₂
- Naniwa osteichthyan tortoise
- a tortoise shell used in 亀卜 (kiboku, “tortoise-shell divination”)
-
- ...千磐破神爾毛莫負卜部座龜毛莫燒曾戀之久爾...
- ...tipayaburu kami2 ni mo na opose urape2 mase kame2 mo na yaki1 so2 ko1pi2siku ni...
- ...mighty gods that carry not the burden, do divination with the unburnt tortoise shell with longing...
-
Descendants
edit- Japanese: 亀 (kame)
References
edit- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit龜: Hán Nôm readings: qui, quân, quy
Compounds
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- CJK Radicals Supplement block
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Character boxes with images
- CJKV characters simplified differently in Japan and China
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms derived from Austroasiatic languages
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 龜
- Chinese nouns classified by 隻/只
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese humorous terms
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- Chinese slang
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Wu verbs
- Advanced Mandarin
- zh:Reptiles
- zh:Male people
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kyūjitai spellings
- Japanese kanji with goon reading き
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading き
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading き
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading き
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かめ
- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading きゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading きう
- Japanese terms spelled with 龜 read as かめ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 龜 read as き
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Early Modern Korean hanja
- Old Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Old Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Old Japanese lemmas
- Old Japanese nouns
- Old Japanese terms with quotations
- ojp:Reptiles
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals