Wiktionary

丙

丙 U+4E19, 丙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E19
← 丘
[U+4E18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 业 →
[U+4E1A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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丙 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一人月 (MOB), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱一内)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №515

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 16, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E19

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 丙

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 丙
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
                 
 
j30094
 
j30095
 
j30096
 
j30097
 
j30098
 
j30099
 
j30100
 
j30101
 
j30102
 
j30103
 
j30104
 
j30105
 
j30106
 
j30107
 
j30108
 
j30109
 
j30110
 
j30111
 
j30112
 
j30113
 
j30114
 
j30115
 
j30116
 
j30117
 
j30118
 
j30119
 
j30120
 
j30121
 
j30122
 
j30123
 
j30124
 
j30125
 
b20266
 
b20267
 
b20268
 
b20269
 
b20270
 
b20271
 
b20272
 
b20273
 
b20274
 
b20275
 
b20276
 
b20277
 
b20278
 
b20279
 
b20280
 
b20281
 
b20282
 
b20283
 
b20284
 
b20285
 
b20286
 
b20287
 
b20288
 
b20289
 
b20290
 
b20291
 
s10945
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L35138
 
L35139
 
L35140
 
L17697
 
L17698
 
L17699
 
L17700
 
L17701
 
L17702
 
L17703
 
L17704
 
L17705
 
L17706
 
L17707
 
L17708
 
L17709
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Various theories:

  • Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
  • Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya). See also 再.
  • Pictogram (象形) - part of a chariot, as seen in the original form of 更.
  • Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
  • Pictogram (象形) – small table.
  • Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).

Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem. See also the original version of 更 (< 㪅).

Etymology 1

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Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙 (“couplet, bivalve”) referring to an asterism.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • bia3/biann3 - vernacular;
  • bing3 - literary.
Note:
  • piáⁿ - vernacular;
  • péng - literary.
Rime
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 兵永切
Baxter pjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋʔ/
English 3d heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
No. 883
Phonetic
component 		丙
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丙
Old
Chinese 		/*pqraŋʔ/
Notes 甲文象二石相對並，
與竝同源，後轉註爲兩。又史諱通景

Definitions

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丙

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third; C
  3. (organic chemistry) prop- (denoting the presence of three carbon atoms)
  4. a surname
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Zhuang: bingj

Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 丙 – see 抦 (“to beat”).
(This character is a variant form of 抦).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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丙

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third in rank

Readings

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  • Go-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひやう (fyau, historical)
  • Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ひのえ (hinoe, 丙)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
丙
へい
Grade: S
on'yomi
 丙 on Japanese Wikipedia
 Heavenly Stems on Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 丙 (pjængX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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丙(へい) • (hei) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems; something of the third rank
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
丙
ひのえ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

火 (Hi, “Fire”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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丙(ひのえ) • (hinoe) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

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Hanja

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丙 (eumhun 셋째 천간 병 (setjjae cheon'gan byeong))

  1. hanja form? of 병 (“third heavenly stem”)
  2. hanja form? of 병 (“third”)

丙 (eumhun 남녘 병 (namnyeok byeong))

  1. hanja form? of 병 (“south, southern”)

References

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Tày

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Noun

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丙 (bưởng, pẻng)

  1. Nôm form of bưởng (“side; piece”).
    妸分花丙吏
    A făn hoa bưởng dại
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. Nôm form of pẻng (“ten tael”).
    八昌賞丙双
    Bảt xáng thưởng pẻng soong
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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丙: Hán Việt readings: bính
丙: Nôm readings: biếng, bính

  1. chữ Hán form of Bính (“third of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds

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References

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  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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