See also: and
U+661F, 星
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-661F

[U+661E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6620]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹手一 (AHQM), four-corner 60104, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 492, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1500, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+661F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin edit

Simplified from (), which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sleːŋ): semantic (twinkling stars) + phonetic (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology 1 edit

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *s-tsʰˤeŋ, which can be analysed as a verbal root *tsʰˤeŋ (bright) with a prefix *s-. This reconstruction accounts for the Min initial *tsh- and the use of the character to write the word (OC *N-tsʰeŋ).

Possibly related to (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), in turn from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (clear; pure; clean).

Proto-Kiranti *saŋ (star) either develops from a parallel Sino-Tibetan root (Schuessler, 2007) or derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kar (star) (STEDT).

Pronunciation edit


Note:
  • sing1 - literary;
  • seng1 - vernacular (uncommon).
Note:
  • lhiang1-4 - vernacular;
  • lhen1 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Note:
    • xiang1 - vernacular;
    • xin1 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Note:
    • xing1 - literary;
    • xi1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 星宿 (xīngxiù)).
  • Northern Min
  • Eastern Min
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
    • san - vernacular (limited, e.g. 零星 (língxīng));
    • seng - literary.
    Note:
    • ce1 - vernacular;
    • xing1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /siŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /siŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /sin³¹/
    Hefei /ɕin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕi¹¹/ ~宿
    /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五~
    Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
    /sei¹³/ 掃帚~
    Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/ 星~
    /ɕi³¹/ 河~~
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
    Wenzhou /seŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /sɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /din³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    /sin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
    /ɕin⁴²/ ~子縣
    Hakka Meixian /sen⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sen²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬɛŋ⁵⁵/
    /ɬeŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /siŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siŋ⁵⁵/
    /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰẽ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /seŋ²³/
    /sɛ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (125)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter seng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /seŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /seŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sɛŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /sɛjŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /seŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /sieŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /sieŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sing1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xīng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ seng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-tsʰˁeŋ/
    English star

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11371
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sleːŋ/
    Notes

    Definitions edit

     
    Five-pointed star shape
    1. star; planet; heavenly body (Classifier: m;  c mn)
        ―  xīngxing  ―  star
        ―  héngxīng  ―  (fixed) star
    2. star-shaped object
    3. star; celebrity
        ―  míngxīng  ―  bright star; celebrity
    4. weight marks on a steelyard
    5. a bit; a tiny bit
    6. tiny; minute
    7. whitish; white
    8. numerous and scattered everywhere; countless
    9. rapid; flying
    10. Synonym of 碰鈴碰铃 (pènglíng)
    11. (dated or informal) Short for 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō, “Singapore”).
      馬泰马泰  ―  Xīng Mǎ Tài  ―  Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
    12. a surname: Xing
    Synonyms edit
    • (star):

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (せい) (sei)
    • Korean: 성(星) (seong)
    • Vietnamese: tinh ()

    Etymology 2 edit

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. transliteration of Indian name Singh

    Compounds edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    ほし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    /posi//ɸoɕi//hoɕi/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (ほし) (hoshi

    1. (astronomy) a star (luminous celestial body)
      Synonym: 恒星 (kōsei)
    2. (geometry) a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)
    3. (tarot) the Star
    4. (loosely) a celestial body
      Synonym: 天体 (tentai)
    5. (by extension of a star's movement) time, years
    6. (sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout
    7. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various representations of stars
    8. a star (actor in a leading role)
    9. an objective
      Synonym: 目星 (meboshi)
      1. (slang) the perp, the culprit
    10. a kagura song sung at the end of a 御神楽 (mikagura)
    Quotations edit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived terms edit
    See also edit

    Proper noun edit

    (ほし) (Hoshi

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    せい
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC seng).

    The Singapore sense derives from the pre-World War Two kanji spelling 星加坡 (modern kanji spelling 新加坡) as borrowed from Chinese, itself a transliteration of Malay Singapura.

    Pronunciation edit

    • Note: the pitch accent for the suffix is determined by the entire term.

    Proper noun edit

    (せい) (Sei

    1. (Chinese astronomy) one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions in the Chinese system of constellations
    2. Short for シンガポール (Shingapōru): Singapore

    Suffix edit

    (せい) (-sei

    1. (loosely, especially fiction) attached to names of planets
      • 1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “なにがなんだか 前編 [What’s What: First Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム), 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 256:
        ——あ、わたくしマキシムAGFです。リプトン(せい)からやってまいりました。()(きゅう)(さむ)さにおどろいてます。どぞよろしく。
        ——A, watakushi Makishimu Ējīefu desu. Riputon-sei kara yatte mairimashita. Chikyū no samusa ni odoroitemasu. Dozo yoroshiku.
        ——Oh, my name is Maxim AGF. I came here from planet Lipton. I’m still taken aback by Earth’s coldness. It is a pleasure to meet all of you.
    Derived terms edit

    Affix edit

    (せい) (sei

    1. star, celestial body
      (せい)(うん)seiunnebula (literally, “star cloud”)
      (せい)(だん)seidanstar cluster
      (せい)()seizustar chart
    2. passing of time
    3. star, celebrity
    Derived terms edit

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC seng).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 별〯 (Yale: pyěl) 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (byeol seong))

    1. Hanja form? of (star; planet).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology edit

    From Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

    Noun edit

    (posi) (kana ほし)

    1. a star

    Quotations edit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived terms edit

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese: (hoshi)

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tình

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.