See also: and
U+661F, 星
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-661F

[U+661E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6620]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

(Kangxi radical 72, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日竹手一 (AHQM), four-corner 60104, composition)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 492, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13837
  • Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1500, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+661F

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph originEdit

Simplified from ( (jīng)), which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleːŋ): semantic (twinkling stars) + phonetic (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Etymology 1Edit

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *s-tsʰˤeŋ, which can be analysed as a verbal root *tsʰˤeŋ (bright) with a prefix *s-. This reconstruction accounts for the Min initial *tsh- and the use of the character to write the word (OC *N-tsʰeŋ).

Possibly related to (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), in turn from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (clear; pure; clean).

Proto-Kiranti *saŋ (star) either develops from a parallel Sino-Tibetan root (Schuessler, 2007) or derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kar (star) (STEDT).

PronunciationEdit


Note:
  • sing1 - literary;
  • seng1 - vernacular (uncommon).
Note:
  • lhiang1-4 - vernacular;
  • lhen1 - literary.
  • Gan
  • Note:
    • xiang1 - vernacular;
    • xin1 - literary.
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Note:
    • xing1 - literary;
    • xi1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 星宿 (xīngxiù)).
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Note:
    • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ/seⁿ - vernacular;
    • san - vernacular (limited, e.g. 零星 (língxīng));
    • seng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Jinan /ɕiŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /siŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /siŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiŋ²¹/
    Xining /ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ɕĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ɕĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /sin³¹/
    Hefei /ɕin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕi¹¹/ ~宿
    /ɕiəŋ¹¹/ 五~
    Pingyao /ɕiŋ¹³/
    /sei¹³/ 掃帚~
    Hohhot /ɕĩŋ³¹/ 星~
    /ɕi³¹/ 河~~
    Wu Shanghai /ɕiŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /sin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ɕin³³/
    Wenzhou /seŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /siʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /sɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /din³³/
    Xiangtan /sian³³/
    /sin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/
    /ɕin⁴²/ ~子縣
    Hakka Meixian /sen⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sen²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /seŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬɛŋ⁵⁵/
    /ɬeŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /siŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /siŋ⁵⁵/
    /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /saiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰẽ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ²³/
    /sɛ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (16)
    Final () (125)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /seŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /seŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /sɛŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /sɛjŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /seŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /sieŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /sieŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    xīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sing1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    xīng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ seng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*s-tsʰˁeŋ/
    English star

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11371
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sleːŋ/
    Notes

    DefinitionsEdit

     
    Five-pointed star shape
    1. star; planet; heavenly body (Classifier: m;  c mn)
      星星  ―  xīngxing  ―  star
        ―  héngxīng  ―  (fixed) star
    2. star-shaped object
    3. star; celebrity
        ―  míngxīng  ―  bright star; celebrity
    4. weight marks on a steelyard
    5. a bit; a tiny bit
    6. tiny; minute
    7. whitish; white
    8. numerous and scattered everywhere; countless
    9. rapid; flying
    10. Synonym of 碰鈴碰铃 (pènglíng).
    11. (dated or informal) Short for 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō, “Singapore”).
      馬泰马泰  ―  Xīng Mǎ Tài  ―  Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand
    12. a surname
    SynonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (せい) (sei)
    • Korean: 성(星) (seong)
    • Vietnamese: tinh ()

    Etymology 2Edit

    PronunciationEdit


    DefinitionsEdit

    1. transliteration of Indian name Singh

    CompoundsEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    ほし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia

    /posi//ɸoɕi//hoɕi/

    From Old Japanese.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    (ほし) (hoshi

    1. a star (luminous celestial body)
      Synonym: 恒星 (kōsei)
    2. a star (concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, especially used as a symbol to rate quality)
    3. (tarot) the Star
    4. (loosely) a celestial body
      Synonym: 天体 (tentai)
    5. (by extension of a star's movement) time, years
    6. (sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout
    7. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) with various representations of stars
    8. a star (actor in a leading role)
    9. an objective
      Synonym: 目星 (meboshi)
    10. a kagura song sung at the end of a 御神楽 (mikagura)
    QuotationsEdit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived termsEdit
    See alsoEdit

    Proper nounEdit

    (ほし) (Hoshi

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    せい
    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

    The Singapore sense derives from the pre-World War Two kanji spelling 星加坡 (modern kanji spelling 新加坡) as borrowed from Chinese, itself a transliteration of Malay Singapura.

    PronunciationEdit

    • Note: the pitch accent for the suffix is determined by the entire term.

    Proper nounEdit

    (せい) (Sei

    1. one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions in the Chinese system of constellations
    2. Short for シンガポール (Shingapōru): Singapore

    SuffixEdit

    (せい) (-sei

    1. (loosely, especially fiction) attached to names of planets
      • 1996 February 20 [Feb 15 1988], Adachi, Mitsuru, “なにがなんだか 前編 [What’s What: First Chapter]”, in SHORT PROGRAM(ショート・プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 256:
        ——あ、わたくしマキシムAGFです。リプトン(せい)からやってまいりました。()(きゅう)(さむ)さにおどろいてます。どぞよろしく。
        ——A, watakushi Makishimu Ējīefu desu. Riputon-sei kara yatte mairimashita. Chikyū no samusa ni odoroitemasu. Dozo yoroshiku.
        ——Oh, my name is Maxim AGF. I came here from planet Lipton. I’m still taken aback by Earth’s coldness. It is a pleasure to meet all of you.
    Derived termsEdit

    AffixEdit

    (せい) (sei

    1. star, celestial body, (Can we add an example for this sense?)
    2. passing of time
    3. star, celebrity
    Derived termsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese (MC seŋ).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 별〯 (Yale: pyěl) 셔ᇰ (Yale: syèng)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (byeol seong))

    1. Hanja form? of (star; planet).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old JapaneseEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

    NounEdit

    (posi) (kana ほし)

    1. a star

    QuotationsEdit

    For quotations using this term, see Citations:星.

    Derived termsEdit

    DescendantsEdit

    • Japanese: (hoshi)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    : Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tình

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.