倩

倩 U+5029, 倩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5029 ← 倨 [U+5028] CJK Unified Ideographs 倪 → [U+502A]

Translingual

Han character

倩 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人手一月 (OQMB), four-corner 2522₇, composition ⿰亻青(GHTV) or ⿰亻靑(JK))

Derived characters

• 𣹥, 𫷝, 蒨, 篟

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 791
• Dae Jaweon: page 231, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 170, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5029

Chinese

trad.		倩
simp. #		倩
2nd round simp.		⿰亻𰀈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倩
Small seal script s05678 Transcribed ancient scripts L33219 L33220
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	*sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩	*sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	*sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	*sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	*sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩	*sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	*ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	*ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	*ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	*sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	*zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	*seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺	*seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	*ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	*sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	*seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	*seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs): semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sin⁶ / sin³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhian
• Eastern Min (BUC): chiéng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ceng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
    • Yale: chyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sin⁶ / sin³
    • Yale: sihn / sin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sin⁶ / sin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xin⁶ / xin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn²²/, /siːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhian
    • Hakka Romanization System: qian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯an⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiɛŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: che̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàn
    • Tâi-lô: tshiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiexn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cêng³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰeŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chi
    • MiniDict: chi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshenH

Rime
Character	倩
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉甸切
Baxter	tshenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰenH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰenH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛnH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰenH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰienH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰienH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cin3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倩
Reading #	1/2
No.	11308
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蒨
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːns/

Definitions

倩

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) smiling
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) (beautiful) man
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) beautiful; pretty; handsome
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) fast

Compounds

• 倩倩
• 倩女
• 倩女離魂 / 倩女离魂
• 倩妝 / 倩妆
• 倩妹 (Hakka)
• 倩影 (qiànyǐng)
• 巧笑倩兮
• 盼倩

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qìng, qiàn (qing⁴, qian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥˋ, ㄑㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cing³ / sin³ / sin⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): chiáng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cia⁴ / ciann⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiàⁿ / chhèng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciah⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cìng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻing⁴
    • Yale: chìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chinq
    • Palladius: цин (cin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
    • Yale: chyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cing³ / sin³ / sin⁶
    • Yale: ching / sin / sihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsing³ / sin³ / sin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: qing³ / xin³ / xin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ³³/, /siːn³³/, /siːn²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiɑŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cia⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chia̍ⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ciann⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩã⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàⁿ / chhèng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiànn / tshìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviax, zhexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiã⁴¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiã¹¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiã²¹/, /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/

Note:

• chhiàⁿ - (colloquial);
• chhèng - (literary).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ciah⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiah
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiaʔ²/

---

• Middle Chinese: tshjengH

Rime
Character	倩
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七政切
Baxter	tshjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰiajŋH/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiɛŋH/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭɛŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cing3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰleŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倩
Reading #	2/2
No.	11342
Phonetic component	生
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	倩
Old Chinese	/*sʰleŋs/

Definitions

倩

1. (obsolete) to ask (somebody to do something); to have someone's aid (of)

   • 中原亂，簪纓散，幾時收？試倩悲風吹淚過揚州。 [Ci, trad.]
     中原乱，簪缨散，几时收？试倩悲风吹泪过扬州。 [Ci, simp.]

     From: 1127, 朱敦儒,《相見歡·金陵城上西樓》

     Zhōngyuán luàn, zānyīng sàn, jǐshí shōu? Shì qìng bēi fēng chuī lèi guò Yángzhōu. [Pinyin]

     Central plain is in turmoil. / High ranking officials scatter here and there. / When could we reclaim the lost territory? / I seek to ask the sorrowful wind to carry my tears to Yangzhou.

   • 倩何人、喚取紅巾翠袖，搵英雄淚！ [Ci, trad.]
     倩何人、唤取红巾翠袖，揾英雄泪！ [Ci, simp.]

     From: c. 1174, 辛棄疾,《水龍吟·登建康賞心亭》

     Qìng hérén, huànqǔ hóng jīn cuì xiù, wèn yīngxióng lèi! [Pinyin]

     To whom then may I say / To wipe my tears away / With her pink handkerchief or her green sleeves?
     (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)

2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to borrow
3. (Min) to employ; to hire

   倩一个助理/辛勞/散工/看護/家教 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
   倩一个助理/辛劳/散工/看护/家教 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

   chhiàⁿ chi̍t ê chō͘-lí / sin-lô / sòaⁿ-kang / khan-hō͘ / ka-kàu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   to hire a(n) assistant/employer/temporary worker/caretaker/private tutor

4. (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself.
5. (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust

   • 候選人央倩選民共票頓予𪜶的黨。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     候选人央倩选民共票顿予𪜶的党。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     Hāu-soán-jîn iang-chhiàⁿ soán-bîn kā phiò tǹg hō͘ in ê tóng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The candidate urged the voters to vote for their party.

6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) son-in-law
7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) servant; domestic servant
8. Alternative form of 銃 / 铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩 / 饭匙倩.

See also

• 請／请 (qǐng)

Compounds

• 倩工
• 倩的
• 倩鬼拆藥單 / 倩鬼拆药单
• 央倩
• 雇倩
• 飯匙倩 / 饭匙倩

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 倩 – see 歉 (“deficient; lacking; insufficient; to apologize; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 歉).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

倩

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)、せん (sen)
• Kan-on: せい (sei)、せん (sen)
• Kun: うつくしい (utsukushii, 倩しい)、つらつら (tsuratsura, 倩)

Korean

Hanja

倩 (eum 천 (cheon))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

倩: Hán Nôm readings: thiến

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.