考證

See also: 考证

Chinese

		to check; to verify; to test to check; to verify; to test; to examine	certificate; proof; to prove certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm
trad. (考證)		考	證
simp. (考证)		考	证

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎozhèng

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau² zing³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kháu-chṳn
• Min Nan (POJ): khó-chèng / khóⁿ-chèng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎozhèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎojhèng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻao³-chêng⁴
    • Yale: kǎu-jèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaojenq
    • Palladius: каочжэн (kaočžɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau² zing³
    • Yale: háau jing
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau² dzing³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao² jing³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kháu-chṳn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kau` ziin
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kau³ zin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó-chèng
    • Tâi-lô: khó-tsìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoyzexng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóⁿ-chèng
    • Tâi-lô: khónn-tsìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvofzexng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/

Verb

考證

1. to do textual research or criticism

   Synonym: 考據／考据 (kǎojù)

2. to investigate and verify

   • 逵既至行在，歸罪于二人，理官無所考證，迄從末減，但編置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或為道人，或為行者，或為人典庫藏，後迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     逵既至行在，归罪于二人，理官无所考证，迄从末减，但编置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或为道人，或为行者，或为人典库藏，后迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Various editors, Collected Conversations of Master Zhu, c. 13^th century CE

     Kuí jì zhì xíngzài, guīzuì yú èr rén, lǐguān wú suǒ kǎozhèng, qì cóng mòjiǎn, dàn biānzhì Húnán mǒu zhōu, zhōngtú yòu táo qù, huò wéi dàorén, huò wéi xíngzhě, huò wèi rén diǎn kùcáng, hòu yǐlǐ wàng Huái qù. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 然此考證醫藥係干通例，合行會議施行。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     然此考证医药系干通例，合行会议施行。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Statutes of the Yuan dynasty, 1322–1323 CE

     Rán cǐ kǎozhèng yīyào xì gān tōnglì, héxíng huìyì shīxíng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 然而還有一件事，即是從自己經驗中考證這些結論，吸收那些用得著的東西，拒絕那些用不著的東西，增加那些自己所特有的東西。 [MSC, trad.]
     然而还有一件事，即是从自己经验中考证这些结论，吸收那些用得着的东西，拒绝那些用不着的东西，增加那些自己所特有的东西。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1936, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命戰爭的戰略問題》 (Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Rán'ér hái yǒu yī jiàn shì, jíshì cóng zìjǐ jīngyàn zhōng kǎozhèng zhè xiē jiélùn, xīshōu nà xiē yòngdezháo de dōngxi, jùjué nà xiē yòngbùzháo de dōngxi, zēngjiā nà xiē zìjǐ suǒ tèyǒu de dōngxi. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. to take a qualification exam in order to get a certificate

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
考	證

Verb

考證

1. chữ Hán form of khảo chứng.

Noun

考證

1. chữ Hán form of khảo chứng.