Appendix:Urum Swadesh list
Presentation edit
- For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
List edit
1=wrd035[[инҗе]] 2=wrd036[[хары]] 3=wrd037[[адам]] 4=wrd046[[хуш]] 5=wrd050[[свалчан]] 6=wrd87[[бойун]] 7=wrd101[[кöр]] 8=wrd142[[ойн′а]] 9=wrd166[[]] war167=[[]] wrd51=[[дирек]] wrd52=[[даг]] wrd53=[[тайах]] wrd54=[[йемиш]] wrd55=[[урлух]] wrd56=[[йапрах]] wrd57=[[тамур]] wrd58=[[хабух]] wrd59=[[чичек]] wrd60=[[от]] wrd61=[[бав]] wrd62=[[тэн]] wrd63=[[эт]] wrd64=[[хан]] wrd65=[[т'емик]] wrd66=[[йаҒ]] wrd67=[[йимырта]] wrd68=[[мойнуз]] wrd69=[[хурйуг]] wrd70=[[ханат]] wrd71=[[тэль]] wrd72=[[баш]] wrd73=[[хулах]] wrd74=[[гоз]] wrd75=[[бурун]] wrd76=[[агыз]] wrd77=[[тыш]] wrd78=[[дыль]] wrd79=[[тырнах]] wrd80=[[öкче]] wrd81=[[айах]] wrd82=[[диз]] wrd83=[[эль]] wrd84=[[ханат]] wrd85=[[ич]] wrd86=[[ичеклер]] wrd88=[[арха]] wrd89=[[меме]] wrd90=[[йурегым]] wrd91=[[джиджер]] wrd92=[[ичиль]] wrd93=[[аша]] wrd94=[[]] wrd95=[[]] wrd96=[[тљкљрљш]] wrd97=[[хус]] wrd98=[[љфљр]] wrd99=[[нефес ал]] wrdp49=[[йылан]]Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
No. | English | Urum Urum |
---|---|---|
1 | I | мен |
2 | you (singular) | сен |
3 | he, she, it | о |
4 | we | биз |
5 | you (plural) | сиз |
6 | they | олар |
7 | this | бу |
8 | that | о |
9 | here | бунда |
10 | there | онда |
11 | who | тим |
12 | what | нэ |
13 | where | нэрэдэ |
14 | when | нэвахти |
15 | how | нас |
16 | not | йох |
17 | all | олган |
18 | many | велаат |
19 | some | бир хач |
20 | few | аз |
21 | other | бахша |
22 | one | бир |
23 | two | эти |
24 | three | уч |
25 | four | дорт |
26 | five | беш |
27 | big | балабан |
28 | long | узун |
29 | wide | чен |
30 | thick | шишман |
31 | heavy | агыр |
32 | small | кучук |
33 | short | хысарых |
34 | narrow | дар |
35 | thin | |
36 | woman | |
37 | man (adult male) | |
38 | man (human being) | йисан |
39 | child | бала |
40 | wife | хары |
41 | husband | ходжа |
42 | mother | ана |
43 | father | баба |
44 | animal | айван |
45 | fish | балых |
46 | bird | |
47 | dog | йит |
48 | louse | бет |
49 | snake | |
50 | worm | |
51 | tree | |
52 | forest | |
53 | stick | |
54 | fruit | |
55 | seed | |
56 | leaf | |
57 | root | |
58 | bark (of a tree) | |
59 | flower | |
60 | grass | |
61 | rope | |
62 | skin | |
63 | meat | |
64 | blood | |
65 | bone | |
66 | fat (noun) | |
67 | egg | |
68 | horn | |
69 | tail | |
70 | feather | |
71 | hair | |
72 | head | |
73 | ear | |
74 | eye | |
75 | nose | |
76 | mouth | |
77 | tooth | |
78 | tongue (organ) | |
79 | fingernail | |
80 | foot | |
81 | leg | |
82 | knee | |
83 | hand | |
84 | wing | |
85 | belly | |
86 | guts | |
87 | neck | |
88 | back | |
89 | breast | |
90 | heart | |
91 | liver | |
92 | to drink | |
93 | to eat | |
94 | to bite | |
95 | to suck | |
96 | to spit | |
97 | to vomit | |
98 | to blow | |
99 | to breathe | |
100 | to laugh | хахалда |
101 | to see | |
102 | to hear | шит |
103 | to know | биль |
104 | to think | тÿшÿн |
105 | to smell | [[]] |
106 | to fear | хорх |
107 | to sleep | [[]] |
108 | to live | йаша |
109 | to die | öль |
110 | to kill | öльдÿр |
111 | to fight | [[]] |
112 | to hunt | [[]] |
113 | to hit | ур |
114 | to cut | т′ес |
115 | to split | йар |
116 | to stab | [[]] |
117 | to scratch | [[]] |
118 | to dig | хаз |
119 | to swim | [[]] |
120 | to fly | уч |
121 | to walk | т′ез |
122 | to come | т′ель |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | йат |
124 | to sit | отур |
125 | to stand | дур |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | чевир |
127 | to fall | йыхыл |
128 | to give | вер |
129 | to hold | тут |
130 | to squeeze | [[]] |
131 | to rub | [[]] |
132 | to wash | йув |
133 | to wipe | силь |
134 | to pull | чек |
135 | to push | [[]] |
136 | to throw | ат |
137 | to tie | [[]] |
138 | to sew | тит′ |
139 | to count | [[]] |
140 | to say | ди |
141 | to sing | йырла |
142 | to play | |
143 | to float | йалдамайа |
144 | to flow | [[]] |
145 | to freeze | [[]] |
146 | to swell | [[]] |
147 | sun | [[]] |
148 | moon | [[]] |
149 | star | [[]] |
150 | water | су |
151 | rain | йагмур |
152 | river | öзен |
153 | lake | [[]] |
154 | sea | дэнизе |
155 | salt | туз |
156 | stone | таш |
157 | sand | [[]] |
158 | dust | тоз |
159 | earth | йер |
160 | cloud | булут |
161 | fog | [[]] |
162 | sky | кöк |
163 | wind | д′ель |
164 | snow | хар |
165 | ice | [[]] |
166 | smoke | |
167 | fire | |
168 | ash | [[]] |
169 | to burn | йан |
170 | road | йол |
171 | mountain | даг |
172 | red | хырмызы |
173 | green | йешиль |
174 | yellow | саары |
175 | white | бьайз |
176 | black | хара |
177 | night | дедже |
178 | day | кÿн |
179 | year | йылда |
180 | warm | [[]] |
181 | cold | [[]] |
182 | full | долу |
183 | new | йени |
184 | old | эсти |
185 | good | йахши |
186 | bad | йаман |
187 | rotten | [[]] |
188 | dirty | блашых |
189 | straight | [[]] |
190 | round | [[]] |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | [[]] |
192 | dull (as a knife) | [[]] |
193 | smooth | [[]] |
194 | wet | слах |
195 | dry | хуру |
196 | correct | [[]] |
197 | near | йахын |
198 | far | узах |
199 | right | саг |
200 | left | сол |
201 | at | сÿт |
202 | in | [[]] |
203 | with | [[]] |
204 | and | да |
205 | if | [[]] |
206 | because | [[]] |
207 | name | ад |