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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Uzbekoʻzbek tili edit (207) 1 I (1sg )men 2 you (2sg )sen 3 he , she , it (3sg )u 4 we (1pl )biz 5 you (2pl )siz sizlar senlar 6 they (3pl )ular 7 this bu 8 that shu o'sha 9 here bu yerda bu yoqda bu yonda 10 there u yerda u yoqda u yonda 11 who kim 12 what nima na 13 where qayerda qayda 14 when qachon 15 how qalay qanday nechik 16 not emas yo'q 17 all barcha hamma butun bari borliq 18 many koʻp 19 some bir necha bir qancha ba'zi ayrim 20 few oz kam picha 21 other boshqa o'zga 22 one bir 23 two ikki 24 three uch 25 four toʻrt 26 five besh 27 big katta buyuk ulkan 28 long uzun 29 wide keng 30 thick qalin yo'g'on 31 heavy ogʻir 32 small kichkina kichik 33 short qisqa 34 narrow tor 35 thin ingichka yupqa nozik 36 woman ayol Arabic xotin qiz 37 man (adult male)erkak 38 man (human being)kishi odam inson Arabic 39 child bola chaqa 40 wife xotin ayol rafiqa 41 husband er kuyov 42 mother ona aya oyi 43 father ota ada 44 animal hayvon jonivor 45 fish baliq 46 bird qush 47 dog it kuchuk ko'ppak 48 louse bit 49 snake ilon 50 worm qurt 51 tree daraxt yogʻoch wood 52 forest oʻrmon toʻqay 53 stick yogʻoch tayoq 54 fruit meva 55 seed urugʻ tuxum 56 leaf yaproq barg 57 root ildiz tomir 58 bark (of a tree)qobiq qobuq 59 flower gul chechak 60 grass oʻt oʻlan 61 rope arqon ip bog' 62 skin teri 63 meat goʻsht et 64 blood qon 65 bone suyak 66 fat (noun)yogʻ moy 67 egg tuxum yumurtqa 68 horn шох ( shox ) muguz shox 69 tail dum quyruq 70 feather jun tuk pat 71 hair soch qil yol of a horse 72 head bosh 73 ear quloq 74 eye koʻz 75 nose burun 76 mouth ogʻiz 77 tooth tish 78 tongue (organ)til 79 fingernail tirnoq 80 foot oyoq 81 leg oyoq put 82 knee tizza 83 hand qoʻl 84 wing qanot 85 belly qorin 86 guts ichak 87 neck boʻyin 88 back orqa 89 breast emchak 90 heart yurak 91 liver jigar 92 to drink ichmoq 93 to eat yemoq 94 to bite tishlamoq 95 to suck emmoq soʻrmoq 96 to spit tuplamoq 97 to vomit qusmoq 98 to blow esmoq 99 to breathe nafas olmoq dam chiqalmoq 100 to laugh kulmoq 101 to see koʻrmoq 102 to hear eshitmoq 103 to know bilmoq 104 to think oʻylamoq 105 to smell isqamoq to sniff 106 to fear qoʻrqmoq 107 to sleep uxlamoq 108 to live yashamoq 109 to die oʻlmoq 110 to kill oʻldirmoq 111 to fight urushmoq at home qurashmoq war 112 to hunt ovlamoq 113 to hit urmoq 114 to cut kesmoq 115 to split yormoq 116 to stab sanchmoq tiqmoq 117 to scratch tirnamoq 118 to dig qazimoq 119 to swim suzmoq 120 to fly uchmoq 121 to walk yurmoq bormoq kezmoq 122 to come kelmoq 123 to lie (as in a bed) yotmoq 124 to sit oʻtirmoq 125 to stand turmoq 126 to turn (intransitive) burmoq 127 to fall tushmoq yiqilmoq 128 to give bermoq 129 to hold tutmoq 130 to squeeze siqmoq qismoq 131 to rub ishqalamoq surtmoq as cream 132 to wash yuvmoq 133 to wipe artmoq 134 to pull choʻzmoq tortmoq 135 to push itarmoq turtmoq 136 to throw otmoq stone tashlamoq dice 137 to tie bogʻlamoq 138 to sew tikmoq 139 to count sanamoq 140 to say aytmoq demoq to pronounce 141 to sing ashula aytmoq kuylamoq 142 to play oʻynamoq 143 to float suzmoq 144 to flow oqmoq 145 to freeze muzlamoq toʻngmoq 146 to swell shishmoq 147 sun quyosh kun 148 moon oy 149 star yulduz 150 water suv 151 rain yomgʻir 152 river daryo 153 lake koʻl 154 sea dengiz 155 salt tuz 156 stone tosh 157 sand qum 158 dust chang 159 earth tuproq 160 cloud bulut 161 fog tuman 162 sky koʻk osmon Persian 163 wind yel 164 snow qor 165 ice muz 166 smoke tutun 167 fire olov oʻt 168 ash kul 169 to burn yonmoq 170 road yoʻl 171 mountain togʻ 172 red qizil 173 green yashil 174 yellow sariq 175 white oq 176 black qora siyoh 177 night tun kecha evening 178 day kun 179 year yil 180 warm iliq 181 cold sovuq 182 full toʻq toʻla 183 new yangi 184 old eski qari 185 good yaxshi 186 bad yomon 187 rotten chirik 188 dirty kir 189 straight toʻgʻri tik adv. 190 round dumaloq yumaloq sphere 191 sharp (as a knife)oʻtkir 192 dull (as a knife)oʻtmas 193 smooth tekis silliq 194 wet hoʻl nam 195 dry quruq qurgʻoq 196 correct toʻgʻri 197 near yaqin 198 far uzoq olis distant 199 right oʻng 200 left chap 201 at -da 202 in -da 203 with bilan 204 and va 205 if agar 206 because chunki 207 name ism nom ot
Swadesh lists
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