Appendix:Afroasiatic Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Afroasiatic languages, specifically Arabic, Hebrew, Classical Syriac, Akkadian, Ge'ez, Coptic, Tarifit, Hausa, Oromo and Somali, compared with that of English.
Languages compared here are:
- Semitic branch: Arabic, Hebrew (Tiberian), Classical Syriac, Ge'ez, Akkadian
- Egyptian branch: Coptic
- Berber branch: Tarifiyt Berber
- Chadic branch: Hausa
- Cushitic branch: West-central Oromo (Wallagga dialect), Somali
The Omotic branch is not yet included.
See also Swadesh lists for specific Afroasiatic languages:
Transcription edit
Notes on Semitic Romanization:
- â, ê, ô stand for the vowels of father [ɑ], day [e] and core [ɒ] in British English.
- a, e, i, o and u stand for the vowels of hat [a], get [ɛ], heat [i], hot [ɔ] and fool [u].
- ā, ē, ī, ō and ū stand for the same vowels as without the macron, but pronounced longer. [aː], [ɛː], [iː], [ɔː], [uː]
- b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y and z stand for their equivalents in English.
- θ stands for the th of English thick. [θ]
- ð stands for the th of English this. [ð]
- j stands for the j of English job. [dʒ]
- g stands for the g of English good. [ɡ]
- x stands for the sound of German ch in Ach! or j in Spanish jota. [x]
- ğ stands for the voiced counterpart of x, much as Spanish intervocalic g. [ɣ]
- š stands for the sh of English ship. [ʃ]
- ś stands for the sound of Welsh ll in Lloyd. [ɬ]
- ħ stands for the typical rough h sound of Semitic languages. [ħ]
- ʿ stands for the voiced counterpart of ħ. [ʕ]
- ʾ stands for the glottal stop of cockney English boʼle ('bottle'). [ʔ]
- q stands for a k sound produced from the back of the mouth. [q]
- ṭ, ṣ, ḍ and ẓ stand for the sounds derived from t, s, d and z/ð. These are called the pharyngealized, emphatic, or velarized sounds. They affect the sound of the consonants and vowels that follow or precede; they are made by constricting the pharynx during the articulation of the sound. [tˤ], [sˤ], [dˤ], [zˤ]/[ðˤ]
Since this page contains mostly ancient languages, the Hebrew romanization has been chosen to correspond to the pronunciation of Tiberian (Biblical) Hebrew, rather than to modern Israeli Hebrew. This means that the following developments of Hebrew are not to be taken into account:
- ħ and x merge into x;
- w and v merge into v;
- q and k merge into k;
- ğ and g merge into g;
- ś and s merge into s;
- ð and d merge into d;
- θ, ṭ, and t merge into t;
- ʿ and ʾ merge into a glottal stop (ʾ);
- emphatic ṣ becomes a non-emphatic affricate ts.
List edit
| No | English | Arabic | Hebrew | Syriac | Akkadian | Ge'ez | Coptic | Tarifiyt Berber | Hausa | Oromo (Wallagga) | Somali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | أَنَا (ʔanā) | אֲנִי (ʾănî), אָנֹכִי (ʾānōḵî) |
ܐܢܐ (ʾenâ) | 𒀀𒈾𒆪 (anāku) | አነ (ʾana) | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ (anok) | nəšš | níi | ana, na | ani(ga) |
| 2 | you (sg.) | أَنْتَ m (ʔanta), أَنْتِ f (ʔanti) |
אַתָּה m (ʾattâ), אַתְּ f (ʾat) |
ܐܢܬ m (ʾat), ܐܢܬܝ f (ʾat(ti)) |
𒀜𒋫 m (atta), 𒀜𒋾 f (atti) | አንተ m (ʾanta), አንቲ f (ʾanti) |
ⲛⲧⲟⲕ m (ntok), ⲛⲧⲟ f (nto) |
šəkk, šəmm | kái, kée | si | adi(ga) |
| 3 | he | هُوَ (huwa) | הוּא (hūʾ) | ܗܘ (hu) | 𒋗𒌑 (šū) | ውእቱ (wəʾətu) m, ይእቲ (yəʾəti) f | ⲛⲧⲟϥ m (ntof), ⲛⲧⲟⲥ f (ntoc) |
nətta m, nəttaŧ f | shíi m, ítá f | isa | isa(ga) m, iya(da)f |
| 4 | we | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | אֲנַחְנוּ (ʾănáḥnû), אֲנוּ (ʾănû) |
ܚܢܢ (ħnan), ܐܢܚܢܢ ((ʾ)naħnan) |
𒉌𒉡 (nīnu) | ንሕነ (nəħna) | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ (anon) | nəššin | múu | nu | inna(ga) (incl.), anna(ga) (excl.) |
| 5 | you (pl.) | أَنْتُمْ m (ʔantum), أَنْتُنَّ f (ʔantunna), أَنْتُمَا c du (ʔantumā) |
אַתֶּם m (ʾattem), אַתֶּן f (ʾatten) |
ܐܢܬܘܢ m (ʾattōn), ܐܢܬܝܢ f (ʾattên) |
𒀜𒌅𒉡 m (attunu), 𒀜𒋾𒈾 f (attina) |
አንትሙ m (ʾantəmu), አንትን f (ʾantən) |
ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲛ (ntōtn) | kənniw, kənnint | kúu | isin | idin(ka) |
| 6 | they | هُمْ m (hum), هُنَّ f (hunna), هُمَا c du (humā) |
הֵם m (hēm), הֵן f (hēn) |
ܗܢܘܢ m (hennōn), ܗܢܝܢ f (hennên) |
𒋗𒉡 m (šunu), 𒅆𒈾 f (šina) |
እሙንቱ m (ʾəmmuntu), እማንቱ f (ʾəmmāntu) |
ⲛⲧⲟⲩ (ntou) | nihni, nihənti | súu | isaan | iya(ga) |
| 7 | this | هٰذَا m (hāḏā), هٰذِهِ f (hāḏihi) |
זֶה m (zê), זוֹ f (zô), זֹאת f (zōʾṯ) |
ܗܢܐ m (hânâ), ܗܕܐ f (hâðê) |
𒀭𒉡𒌝 m (annûm) | ዝ- m (zə-), ዝንቱ m (zəntu), ዛ f (zā), ዛቲ f (zāti) |
-ⲉⲓ (-ei) | =a | wánnàn | kana | kan m, tan f |
| 8 | that | ذٰلِكَ m (ḏālika), ﺫَﺍﻙَ m, تِلْكَ f (tilka), تِيكَ f (tīka) |
הַהוּא m (hahûʾ), הַהִיא f (hahîʾ) |
ܗܘ m (hâw), ܗܝ f (hây) |
𒋗𒌑 m (šū), 𒌌𒇻𒌑𒌝 m (ullûm) |
ዝክቱ (zəktu) | ⲧⲏ (tē) | =in, =ənni | wáncàn | san | kaas m, taas f |
| 9 | here | هُنَا (hunā) | פֹּה (pô), הִנֵּה (hinnê) |
ܗܪܟܐ (hârkâ), ܬܢܢ (tnân) |
annânu | ዘየ (zaya) | ⲡⲉⲓⲙⲁ (peima) | đa | nan | halkan, inta | |
| 10 | there | هُنَاكَ (hunāka), هُنَالِكَ (hunālika), ثَمَّ (ṯamma) |
שָׁם (šām) | ܬܡܢ (tammân) | akannaka | ህየ (həyya) | ⲙⲙⲁⲩ (mmau) | đin | can | halkaas | |
| 11 | who | مَنْ (man) | מִי (mî) | ܡܢ (man) | mannu | መኑ (mannu) | ⲛⲓⲙ (nim) | wi | wanda | eeññu | yaa?, kuma? |
| 12 | what | مَا (mā), مَاذَا (māḏā) |
מָה (mâ) | ܡܐ (mâ), ܡܢ (mân), ܡܢܐ (mânâ), ܡܘܢ (mōn) ܡܘܕܝ (mōdi) |
mīnu | ምንት (mənt) | ⲁϣ (aš) | min | me | maal | maxaa? |
| 13 | where | أَيْنَ (ʔayna) | אֵיפֹה (ʾêfô (where)), אָנָה (ʾānâ (whither)) |
ܐܝܟܐ (ʾaykâ) | ali | አይቴ (ʾayte) | ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn) | mani | inaa | meeshee, halkee, intee, | |
| 14 | when | مَتَى (matā) | מָתַי (māṯay) | ܐܡܬܝ (ʾemmaθ(i)) | ayyānu, mati | ሚጊዜ (mi-gize) | ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲩ (tnnau) | məřmi | yaushe | goormee?, amee? | |
| 15 | how | كَيْفَ (kayfa) | אֵיךְ (ʾêḵ) | ܐܝܟܢ (ʾaykan), ܐܝܟܢܐ (ʾaykannâ) |
ana mīni, ammīni | እፎ (ʾəffo) | ⲡⲱⲥ (pōs) | yaya | yàayàa | sidee? | |
| 16 | not | لَا (lā), مَا (mā), لَنْ (lan) (future), لََا (laā) (present), لَمْ (lam) (past) |
לֹא (lōʾ), אַל (ʾal) |
ܠܐ (lâ) | 𒆷𒀀 (lā), 𒌑𒆷 (ula) |
ኢ (ʾi) | ⲛ (n), ⲁⲛ (an) |
wā | ba | ii'ii | ma |
| 17 | all | كُلّ (kull) | כֹּל (kōl) | ܟܠ (kol) | kalû | ኵል (kʷəll) | ⲧⲏⲣ (tēr) | marra | dúkà | hundaa | dhamaan, giddi, gebi, kulli |
| 18 | many | كَثِير (kaṯīr) | הַרְבֵּה (harbê) | ܣܓܝ (saggī) | mādu | ብዙሕ (bəzuħ) | ⲟϣ (oš) | at’t’as | yaya | badan | |
| 19 | some | بَعْض (baʕḍ), كَمْ (kam) |
כַּמָּה (kammâ) | ܟܡܐ (kmâ) | ስፍን (səfn) | ϩⲟⲉⲓⲛⲉ (hoinə) | ša | want | gar(i) | qaar | |
| 20 | few | قَلِيل (qalīl) | מְעַט (məʿaṭ) | ܒܨܝܪܐ (bṣīrâ) | ēṣu | ኅዳጥ (ḫədāṭ) | ϩⲟⲗⲓⲅⲟⲛ (holigon) | đrus | kàɗán | dhowr, waxyar | |
| 21 | other | آخَر m (ʔāḵar), أُخْرَى f (ʔuḵrā), آخَرُون m pl (ʔāḵarūn), أُخَر f pl (ʔuḵar), أُخْرَيَات f pl (ʔuḵrayāt) |
אַחֵר m (ʾaḥēr), אַחֶרֶת f (ʾaḥéreṯ), אַחֵרִים m pl (ʾaḥērîm), אַחֵרוֹת f pl (ʾaḥērōṯ) |
ܐܚܪܢܐ m ((ʾa)ħrênâ), ܐܚܪܬܐ f ((ʾa)ħrêtâ), ܐܚܪܢܐ m pl ((ʾa)ħrânê), ܐܚܪܢܝܬܐ f pl ((ʾa)ħrânyâθâ) |
šanû | ካልእ (kāləʾ) | ⲕⲉ (ke) | nnəɣni | wasu | biraa | kale |
| 22 | one | وَاحِد m (wāḥid), وَاحِدَة f (wāḥida) |
אֶחָד m (ʾeħâd), אַחַת f (ʾaħaθ) |
ܚܕ m (ħað), ܚܕܐ f (ħðâ) |
ištēn m, ištēt f |
አሐዱ (ʾaħadu) | ⲟⲩⲁ (wa) | ižžən, ištən | ɗáyá | tokko | kow, hal |
| 23 | two | اِثْنَان m (iṯnān), اِثْنَتَان f (iṯnatān) |
שְׁנִַים m (š'nayim), שְׁתַּיִם f (š'tayim) |
ܬܪܝܢ m (trên), ܬܪܬܝܢ f (tartên) |
šinā m, šittā f | ክልኤቱ (kəlʾetu) | ⲥⲛⲁⲩ (ᵊsnau) | ŧnayən (< Ar.) | bíyú | lama | labo |
| 24 | three | ثَلَاثَة m (ṯalāṯa), ثَلَاث f (ṯalāṯ) |
שְׁלֹשָׁה m (š'lōšâ), שָׁלֹשׁ f (šâlōš) |
ܬܠܬܐ m (tlâθâ), ܬܠܬ m (tlâθ) |
šalāš m, šalāšat f | ሠለስቱ (śalastu) | ϣⲟⲙⲧ (šomt) | ŧřaŧa (< Ar.) | úkù | sadii | saddex |
| 25 | four | أَرْبَعَة m (ʔarbaʕa), أَرْبَع f (ʔarbaʕ) |
אַרְבָּעָה m (ʾarbâʿâ), אַרְבַּע f (ʾarbaʿ) |
ܐܪܒܥܐ m (ʾarbʿâ), ܐܪܒܥ f (ʾarbaʿ) |
erbe m, erbet f | አርበዕቱ (ʾarbaʿtu) | ϥⲧⲟⲩ (ᵊftu) | āƀʕa (< Ar.) | húɗú | afur | afar |
| 26 | five | خَمْسَة m (ḵamsa), خَمْس f (ḵams) |
חֲמִשָּׁה m (ħamiššâ), חָמֵשׁ f (ħâméš) |
ܚܡܫܐ m (ħamšâ), ܚܡܫ f (ħammeš) |
xamiš m, xamšat f | ኀመስቱ (ḫamastu) | ϯⲟⲩ (ᵊtiu) | xəmsa (< Ar.) | bìyár̃ | šan | shan |
| 27 | big | كَبِير (kabīr) | גָּדוֹל (gâðōl), כַּבִּיר (kabîr) |
ܪܒܐ (rabbâ), ܟܒܝܪܐ (kabbīrâ) |
𒃲 (rabûm) | ዐቢይ (ʿabiyy) | ⲛⲟϭ (nokʲ) | aməqqr’an | bàbbá | weyn | |
| 28 | long | طَوِيل (ṭawīl) | אָרֹךְ (ʾârōx) | ܐܪܝܟܐ (ʾarīxâ) | arku | ነዋኅ (nawwāḫ) | ϣⲓⲏ (šia) | aziyrā | mài tsáwóo | dheer | |
| 29 | wide | رَحْب (raḥb), وَاسِع (wāsiʕ) |
רָחָב (râħâv) | ܪܘܝܚܐ (rwīxâ), ܦܬܝܐ (paθyâ) |
rapšu | ርሑብ (rəħub) | ⲟⲩⲟⲥⲧⲛ (wostᵊn), ⲟⲩⲱϣⲥ (wōšᵊs) | miriw | mài fáaɗíi | bal'aa, booccoo | ballaadhan |
| 30 | thick | سَمِيك (samīk) | עָב (ʿâv) | ܥܒܝܛܐ (ʿvīṭâ) | ገዙፍ (gazuf) | ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲧ (umot) | gđā | mài káuríi | cufan | ||
| 31 | heavy | ثَقِيل (ṯaqīl) | כָּבֵד (kâvéð) | ܢܛܝܠܐ (nṭīlâ), ܝܩܘܪܐ (yaqqūrâ) |
kabtu | ከቡድ (kabud) | ϩⲣⲟϣ (hroš) | đqəř (< Ar.) | mài náuyíi | culus | |
| 32 | small | صَغِير (ṣaḡīr) | קָטָן (qâṭân), צָעִיר (ṣaʿîr) |
ܙܥܘܪܐ (zʿōrâ) | ṭexru | ንኡስ (nəʾus) | ϣⲓⲣⲉ (širə) | aməz’z’yan | k'arami | yar | |
| 33 | short | قَصِير (qaṣīr) | קָצָר (qâṣâr) | ܟܪܝܐ (karyâ) | karû | ኅጹር (ḫəṣur) | ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲃⲟⲥ (kolobos) | aquđ’ađ’ | guntu | gaaban | |
| 34 | narrow | ضَيِّق (ḍayyiq) | צַר (ṣâr) | ܥܝܝܩܐ (ʿayyīqâ) | qatnu | ጸቢብ (ṣabib) | ϫⲏⲧ (jēt) | ħsā | siriri | ciriiri | |
| 35 | thin | رَقِيق (raqīq) | דַּק (daq) | ܪܩܝܩܐ (raqqīqâ), ܛܠܝܚܐ (ṭlīħâ) |
qatnu | ቀጢን (qaṭin), ደቂቅ (daqiq) |
ⲡⲁⲕⲉ (pakə) | azđađ | sìir̃íir̃ìi | dhuuban | |
| 36 | woman | اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa), مَرْأَة (marʔa) |
אִשָּׁה (ʾiššâ) | ܐܢܬܬܐ (ʾa(n)tθâ) | 𒊩 (sinništu) | ብእሲት (bəʾəsit) | ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (s'himə) | ŧamɣā’ŧ, ŧamət’t’uŧ | màcè | naag, dumar, haweeney, habar | |
| 37 | man (adult male) |
رَجُل (rajul) | אִישׁ (ʾīš), גֶּבֶר (gever) |
ܓܒܪܐ (gavrâ) | zikaru | ብእሲ (bəʾəsi) | ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ (hout) | āyaz | námíjì | rag | |
| 38 | man (human being) |
إِنْسَان (ʔinsān) | אָדָם (ʾâðâm), אֱנוֹשׁ (ʾənōš) |
ܐܢܫܐ ((ʾə)nâšâ) | awīlu | ሰብእ (sabəʾ), ሰብኣዊ (sabʾāwi) |
ⲣⲱⲙⲉ (rōmə) | ƀnađəm (< Ar.) | mùtûm | nama | nin |
| 39 | child | وَلَد (walad) | יֶלֶד (yeleð) | ܝܠܘܕܐ (yalluðâ) | ṣexru, māru | ሕፃን m (ħəḍān), ወልድ m (wald), ወለት f (walatt) |
ϣⲏⲣⲉ (šērə) | aħənžia, řƀəz’z’ | ɗáa, 'yáa | cunug | |
| 40 | wife | زَوْجَة (zawja) | אִשָּׁה (ʾiššâ) | ܐܢܬܬܐ (ʾa(n)tθâ) | aššatu | ብእሲት (bəʾəsit) | ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (s'himə) | ŧamɣā’ŧ | màatáa | xaas, afo, oori | |
| 41 | husband | بَعْل (baʕl) زَوْج (zawj) |
בַּעַל (baʿal) | ܒܥܠܐ (baʿlâ) | mutu | ምት (mət), በዓል (baʿāl) |
ϩⲁⲓ (hai) | āyaz | míjìi | sey | |
| 42 | mother | أُمّ (ʔumm) | אֵם (ʾêm) | ܐܡܐ (ʾemmâ) | ummu | እም (ʾəmm) | ⲙⲁⲁⲩ (maʾau) | yəmma (< Ar.?) | úwáa | hooyo | |
| 43 | father | أَب (ʔab) | אָב (ʾâv) | ܐܒܐ (ʾavâ) | abu | አብ (ʾab) | ⲉⲓⲱⲧ (iōt) | ƀaƀa (< Ar.?) | ùbáa | aabbe | |
| 44 | animal | حَيَوَان (ḥayawān) | חַיָּה (ħayyâ) | ܚܝܘܬܐ (ħaywθâ) | būlu, emāmu | አርዌ (ʾarwe) | ⲧⲃⲛⲏ (tᵊvnē) | lħayawan (< Ar.) | dábbàa (< Ar.?) | xaywaan | |
| 45 | fish | سَمَكَة (samaka) | דָּג (dâğ) | ܢܘܢܐ (nūnâ) | 𒄩 (nūnu) | ዓሣ (ʿāśā) | ⲧⲃⲧ (tᵊvt) | asřəm | kíifíi | qurt'ummii | kalluun, mallaay |
| 46 | bird | طَائِر (ṭāʔir), عُصْفُور (ʕuṣfūr) |
צִפּוֹר (ṣippōr), עוֹף (ʿōf) |
ܛܝܪܐ (ṭayrâ), ܨܦܪܐ (ṣepprâ) |
𒄷 (iṣṣūru) | ዖፍ (ʿof) | ϩⲁⲗⲏⲧ (halēt) | ažđ’iđ’ | tsúntsúu | c'irrii | shimbir |
| 47 | dog | كَلْب (kalb) | כֶּלֶב (kelev) | ܟܠܒܐ (kalbâ) | 𒌨𒌆 (kalbu) | ከልብ (kalb) | ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ (uhor) | ayđi, aqzin, ahəggā | kàrée | saree | ey |
| 48 | louse | قَمْلَة (qamla) | כִּנָּה (kinnâ) | ܩܠܡܐ (qalmâ) | 𒄴 (uplu) | ቍማል (qʷəmāl) | ϩⲗⲱⲙ (hlōm) | ŧiššəšŧ (head), infā (body) | kwàlkwátàa (head), kwàr̃kwátàa (body) |
c'inii, injiraan, injijii | injir |
| 49 | snake | حَنَش (ḥanaš) | נָחָשׁ (nâħâš) | ܚܘܝܐ (ħewyâ) | ṣēru | አርዌ ምድር (ʾarwe mədr), ተመን (taman) |
ϩⲟϥ (hof) | fiɣā’, ŧařəfsa | mácìijíi | mar'ataa, bofa, šaawwisa | mas |
| 50 | worm | دُودَة (dūda) | תּוֹלַעַת (tólaʿat) | ܬܘܠܥܐ (tawlʿâ) | ዕፄ (ʿəḍe) | ϥⲛⲧ (fᵊnt) | ađan n tmuaŧ | tsúutsàa | dixiri, gooryaan | ||
| 51 | tree | شَجَرَة (šajara) | עֵץ (ʿēṣ) | ܐܝܠܢܐ (ʾīlânâ) | 𒄑 (iṣu) | ዕጽ (ʿəṣ) | ϣⲏⲛ (šēn) | ssəžžāŧ (< Ar.) | ítàacée | muka | geed |
| 52 | forest | غَابَة (ḡāba) | יַעַר (yaʿar) | ܥܒܐ (ʿâvâ) | gūru | ዖም (ʿom) | ⲓⲁϩϣⲏⲛ (iahšin) | řɣaƀəŧ (< Ar.) | dáajìi | baqqoo, daggala | kayn, duur |
| 53 | stick | عَصًا (ʕaṣan) | מַקֵּל (maqqēl) | ܩܝܣܐ (qaysâ) | ቀስተም (qastam), መቅርዕ (maqrəʿ) |
ϣⲃⲱⲧ (šbot) | Sanada | ul | |||
| 54 | fruit | فَاكِهَة (fākiha) | פְּרִי (p'rī) | ܦܐܪܐ (pêrâ) | inbu | ፍሬ (fəré) | ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ (utah) | řxuđ’āŧ (< Ar.) | ’yár̃ ítàacée | ija | miro |
| 55 | seed | زَرْع (zarʕ) | זֶרַע (zeraʿ) | ܙܪܥܐ (zarʿâ) | 𒆰 (zēru) | ዘርአ (zarʾ), ብዝር (bəzr) |
ϭⲣⲟϭ (kʲrokʲ), ϫⲣⲟϫ (jroj) | řħəbb (< Ar.) | írìi (< Kanuri?) | garii, saññii | iniin, abuur |
| 56 | leaf | وَرَقَة (waraqa) | עָלֶה (ʿâle) | ܛܪܦܐ (ṭarpâ) | ḫasḫaltu | ቈጽል (qʷaṣl) | ϭⲱⲱⲃⲉ (kʲō'ōvə) | ŧifāšŧ | gányée | baala | caleen |
| 57 | root | جَذْر (jaḏr), جِذْر (jiḏr) |
שֹׁרֶשׁ (šōreš) | ܫܪܫܐ (šeršâ), ܥܩܪܐ (ʿeqqârâ) |
𒁼 (šuršu) | ሥርው (śərw) | ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲉ (nunə) | az’wā | sâiwáa, jíijíyàa | xidid | |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | قِلْف (qilf) | קְלִפָּה (q'lippâ) | ܩܠܦܬܐ (qlâftâ) | 𒄑𒁇𒄯 (sihpu) | ቅርፍት (qərəft) | ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲉ (kukə) | θhašit | ɓáawóo | jilif | |
| 59 | flower | زَهْرَة (zahra) | פֶּרַח (peraħ) | ܗܒܒܐ (habbâvâ) | inbu | ጽጌ (ṣəgé) | ϩⲣⲏⲣⲉ (hrērə) | ŧanəwwašŧ | fùrée | daraaraa | ubax |
| 60 | grass | حَشِيش (ḥašīš) | דֶּשֶׁא (dešeʾ) | ܥܣܒܐ (ʿesbâ) | dīšu | ሣዕር (śāʿər) | ⲥⲓⲙ (sim) | arrƀiʕ (< Ar.) | cìyáawàa | marga | caws |
| 61 | rope | حَبْل (ḥabl) | חֶבֶל (ħevel) | ܚܒܠܐ (ħavlâ) | 𒂠 (eblu) | ሐብል (ħabl) | ⲛⲟⲩϩ (nuh) | iǧǧi, ŧamriaŧ, asɣun | ígíyàa | xarig | |
| 62 | skin | جِلْد (jild) | עוֹר (ʿōr) | ܓܠܕܐ (geldâ) | gildu | ማእስ (māʾs) | ϣⲁⲁⲣ (ša'ar) | ŧiřməšŧ | fáatàa | gogaa, ittillee | maqaar |
| 63 | meat | لَحْم (laḥm) | בָּשָׂר (bâśâr) | ܒܣܪܐ (besrâ) | ṭabhu | ሥጋ (śəgā) | ⲁϥ (af) | açsum | náamàa | foon | hilib, so' |
| 64 | blood | دَم (dam) | דָּם (dâm) | ܕܡܐ (dmâ) | 𒁱 (dāmu) | ደም (dam) | ⲥⲛⲟϥ (snof) | iđammən | jíníi | d'iiga | dhiig |
| 65 | bone | عَظْم (ʕaẓm) | עֶצֶם (ʿeṣem) | ܓܪܡܐ (garmâ) | 𒄈𒉻𒁺 (eṣemtu) | አፅም (ʿaḍm) | ⲕⲁⲥ (kas) | iɣəss | ƙàshíi | lafee | laf |
| 66 | fat (noun) | دُهْن (duhn) | חֵלֶב (ħélev) | ܕܘܗܢܐ (duhhânâ), ܫܘܡܢܐ (šumnâ) |
𒉌𒄑 (šamnu) | መሥብሕ (maśbəħ) | ⲱⲧ (ōt) | ŧađunt | máiƙòo | moora | baruur, caddiin |
| 67 | egg | بَيْضَة (bayḍa) | בֵּיצָה (bêṣâ) | ܒܝܥܬܐ (bêʿθâ) | 𒉭 (pelû) | አንቆቅሆ (anqoqəho) | ⲥⲟⲟⲩϩⲉ (souhe) | ŧaməǧǧač | ƙwái | killee, bup'p'aa | ukun |
| 68 | horn | قَرْن (qarn) | קֶרֶן (qeren) | ܩܪܢܐ (qarnâ) | qarnu | ቀርን (qarn) | ⲧⲁⲡ (tap) | išš | ƙàhóo | gaafa | gees |
| 69 | tail | ذَنَب (ḏanab) | זָנָב (zânâv) | ܕܘܢܒܐ (dunbâ) | zibbatu | ዘባን (zabān) | ⲥⲁⲧ (sat) | ŧanəwwāŧ (< Ar.?) | wútsíyàa | eegee | sayn |
| 70 | feather | رِيشَة (rīša) | נוֹצָה (nōṣâ) | ܐܒܪܐ (ʾevrâ) | nāṣu | ጸጒር (ṣagʷr) | ⲙⲏϩⲉ (mēhə) | afā | gáashìi | baal | |
| 71 | hair | شَعْر (šaʕr), شَعَر (šaʕar) |
שֵׂעָר (śéʿâr) | ܣܥܪܐ (saʿrâ) | šārtu | ጸጕር (ṣagʷr) | ϥⲱ (fō) | z’ət’t’u, ašəwwaf | gáashìi | tin | |
| 72 | head | رَأْس (raʔs) | רֹאשׁ (rōš) | ܪܝܫܐ (rêšâ) | rēšu | ርእስ (rəʾəs) | ⲁⲡⲉ (ape), ϫⲱ (jō) | aqəyyua | kâi | mataa | madax |
| 73 | ear | أُذُن (ʔuḏun), أُذْن (ʔuḏn) |
אֹזֶן (ʾōzen) | ܐܕܢܐ (ʾeðnâ) | uznu | እዝን (ʾəzn) | ⲙⲁⲁϫⲉ (ma'aje) | aməz’z’uɣ, aməžžun | kûnnée | gurra | dheg |
| 74 | eye | عَيْن (ʕayn) | עַיִן (ʿayin) | ܥܝܢܐ (ʿaynâ) | īnu | ዐይን (ʿayn) | ⲉⲓⲁ (ia) | ŧit’t’ | ídòo | ija | il |
| 75 | nose | أَنْف (ʔanf) | אַף (ʾaf) | ܢܚܝܪܐ (nḥīrâ) | appu | አንፍ (anf) | ϣⲁ (ša) | ŧinzā | háncìi | fuññaan | san |
| 76 | mouth | فَم (fam) | פֶּה (pe) | ܦܘܡܐ (pūmâ) | pû | አፍ (ʾaf) | ⲣⲟ (ro) | aqəmmum | bàakíi | afaan | af |
| 77 | tooth | سِنّ (sinn) | שֵׁן (šên) | ܫܢܐ (šennâ), ܟܟܐ (kakkâ) |
šinnu | ስን (sən) | ϣⲟⲗ (šol), ⲛⲁϫϩⲉ (najhe) | ŧiɣməsŧ | hákóoríi | ilig | |
| 78 | tongue | لِسَان (lisān) | לָשׁוֹן (lâšōn) | ܠܫܢܐ (leššânâ) | lišānu | ምልሓስ (məlħās), ልሳን (ləsān) |
ⲗⲁⲥ (las) | iřəs | hárshèe | arraba | carrab |
| 79 | fingernail | ظُفْر (ẓufr) | צִפֹּרֶן (ṣippōren) | ܛܦܪܐ (ṭefrâ) | ṣupru | ጽፍር (ṣəfr) | ⲉⲓⲃ (iv) | iššā | fárcèe | qeensa | ciddi |
| 80 | foot | قَدَم (qadam) | כַּף רֶגֶל (kaf reğel) | ܥܩܠܐ (ʿaqlâ) | šēpu | እግር (ʾəgr) | ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ (werētə), ⲣⲁⲧ (rat) | đ’ā | ƙáfàa | miilla | cag |
| 81 | leg | رِجْل (rijl) | רֶגֶל (reğel) | ܪܓܠܐ (reğlâ) | kimṣu | አገዳ (ʾagadā) | ⲣⲁⲧ (rat) | ifaddən | ƙáfàa | hojjaa, luka | lug |
| 82 | knee | رُكْبَة (rukba) | בֶּרֶךְ (berex) | ܒܘܪܟܐ (burkâ) | birku | ብርክ (bərk) | ⲕⲗⲗⲉ (kᵊllə) | fuđ | gwíwàa | jilba | jilib, low |
| 83 | hand | يَد (yad) | יָד (yâð) | ܐܝܕܐ (ʾīðâ) | qātu | እድ (ʾəd) | ⲧⲱⲣⲉ (tōre) | fus | hánnúu | harka | gacan |
| 84 | wing | كَنَف (kanaf), جَنَاح (janāḥ) |
כָּנָף (kânâf) | ܟܢܦܐ (kenfâ) | kappu | ክንፍ (kənf) | ⲧⲛϩ (tᵊnh) | afriw | fíffíkèe | baal | |
| 85 | belly | بَطْن (baṭn) | בֶּטֶן (beṭen) | ܒܛܢܐ (baṭnâ), ܟܪܣܐ (karsâ) |
libbu | ከርሥ (karś) | ϩⲏ(ⲧ) (hē(t)) | aʕəddis | cíkìi | calool | |
| 86 | guts | أَمْعَاء (ʔamʕāʔ) | מֵעַיִם (mêʿayim) | ܡܥܝܐ (mʿayyâ), ܓܘܐ (gawwâ) |
erru | አማዑት (amāʿut) | ⲙⲁϩⲧ (maht),ⲙⲉϩⲧⲟ (mehto) | ađan, ƀururu | hánjíi | mar'umaan | mindhicir, xiidmo |
| 87 | neck | عُنُق (ʕunuq), رَقَبَة (raqaba) | צַוָּאר (ṣawwâr) | ܨܘܪܐ (ṣawrâ), ܩܕܠܐ (qðâlâ) |
kišādu, labiānu | ክሳድ (kəsād) | ⲙⲁⲕϩ (makh) | iri | wúyàa | qoosee | quur, luqun, sur |
| 88 | back | ظَهْر (ẓahr) | גַּב (gav) | ܚܨܐ (ħaṣṣâ) | šašallu | ድኅር (dəḫr) | ϫⲓⲥⲉ (jise) | aʕrua | báayáa | dugda | dhabar, duud |
| 89 | breast | ثَدْي (ṯady), صَدْر (ṣadr) | חָזֶה (ħâze) | ܬܕܐ (tðâ), ܚܕܝܐ (ħaðyâ) |
irtu | እንግደኣ (əngədaʾā) | ⲉⲕⲓⲃⲉ (ekive) | ibbəš | nóonòo | harma | naas |
| 90 | heart | لُبّ (lubb), قَلْب (qalb) |
לֵב (lêv), לֵבָב (lêvâv) |
ܠܒܐ (lebbâ) | libbu | ልብ (ləbb) | ϩⲏⲧ (hēt) | uř | zúucìyáa | onnee | laab, wadne |
| 91 | liver | كَبِد (kabid) | כָּבֵד (kâvêð) | ܟܒܕܐ (kavdâ) | kabattu | ከብድ (kabd) | ⲟⲩⲫⲁϫⲓ (oufaji) | ŧsa | hántàa | tiruu | tiro, beer |
| 92 | to drink | شَرِبَ (šariba) | שָׁתָה (šâθâ) | ܫܬܐ (štâ) | šatû | ሰትየ (satya), ሠረበ (śaraba) |
ⲥⲱ (sō) | su, ħřu | sháa | dhug- | cab, dhan |
| 93 | to eat | أَكَلَ (ʔakala) | אָכַל (ʾâxal) | ܐܟܠ (ʾexal) | akālu | በልዐ (balʿa) | ⲟⲩⲱⲙ (wōm) | šš | cí | cun | |
| 94 | to bite | عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa) | נָשַׁךְ (nâšax) | ܢܟܬ (nxaθ) | našāku | ነከሰ (nakasa) | mmā’məš | cìizáa | qaniin | ||
| 95 | to suck | مَصَّ (maṣṣa) | מָצַץ (mâṣaṣ) | ܡܨ (mâṣ) | enēqu | መጸ (maṣṣa), ጠበወ (ṭabawa (breast)) |
t’t’əđ’, z’əmm | láasàa, tsóotsàa | hod'a, t'uut'a | nuug, dhuuq | |
| 96 | to spit | بَصَقَ (baṣaqa) | יָרַק (yâraq) | ܪܩ (râq) | ተፍአ (tafʾa), ወረቀ (waraqa) |
ssusəf | tóofàa | tuf | tuf | ||
| 97 | to vomit | تَقَيَّأَ (taqayyaʔa) | הֵקִיא (hêqīʾ) | ܓܥܛ (gʿaṭ) | arû | ቄአ (qeʾa) | arr | yí ámái | matag, hunqaac | ||
| 98 | to blow | نَفَخَ (nafaḵa) | נָפַח (nâfaħ) | ܢܦܚ (nfaħ) | napāxu | ነፍኀ (nafḫa) | ssuđ’ | búusàa, húuràa | afuufa, buufa | afuuf, buufi | |
| 99 | to breathe | تَنَفَّسَ (tanaffasa) | נָשַׁם (nâšam) | ܢܦܫ (nfaš), ܢܫܡ (nšam) |
napāšu | አንፈሰ (ʾanfasa) | arr nnəfs | yí númfáashíi | neefsi | ||
| 100 | to laugh | ضَحِكَ (ḍaḥika) | צָחַק (ṣâħaq) | ܓܚܟ (għex) | ṣuxxu | ጸሐቀ (ṣaħaqa) | ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōvə) | đ’ħəš (< Ar.) | dàaríyáa | kolfa | qosol |
| 101 | to see | رَأَى (raʔā) | רָאָה (râʿâ) | ܚܙܐ (ħzâ) | amāru | ርእየ (rəʾya) | ⲛⲁⲩ (nau) | z’ā | gáníi | arga | arag |
| 102 | to hear | سَمِعَ (samiʕa) | שָׁמַע (šâmaʿ) | ܫܡܥ (šmaʿ) | šemû | ሰምዐ (samʿa) | ⲥⲱⲧⲙ (sōtᵊm) | səř | jí | dhaga'a | maqal |
| 103 | to know | عَرَفَ (ʕarafa), عَلِمَ (ʕalima) | יָדַע (yâðaʿ) | ܝܕܥ (yðaʿ) | idû | የድዐ (yadʿa), አእመረ (ʾaʾmara) |
ⲉⲓⲙⲉ (eime) | ssən | sánìi | beek- | garasho, ogaal, aqoon |
| 104 | to think | فَكَرَ (fakara) | חָשַׁב (ħâšav) | ܚܫܒ (ħšav) | kuṣṣupu | ሐሸበ (ħašaba), ሐለየ (ħalaya) |
ⲙⲉⲉⲩⲉ (me'ewe) | tɣiř | yo tunaanii | male, feker | |
| 105 | to smell | شَمَّ (šamma) | הֵרִיחַ (hêrīaħ) | ܡܚ (maħ), ܣܩ (saq) |
ešēnu | ጼነው (ṣénaw) | ϣⲱⲗⲙ (šōlᵊm) | gg arriħŧ | jí | ur | |
| 106 | to fear | خَافَ (ḵāfa) | יָרֵא (yârêʾ), פָּחַד (pâħað) |
ܕܚܠ (dħel), ܟܘܪ (kwar) |
palāxu, šaxātu | ፈርሀ (farha) | ⲣ ϩⲟⲧⲉ (ᵊr hote) | ŧiggwđi | tsòoróo | na'a | nax, baqdin, cabsi |
| 107 | to sleep | نَامَ (nāma) | יָשֵׁן (yâšén), נָם (nâm) |
ܕܡܟ (dmex), ܢܡ (nâm) |
šalālu | ኖመ (noma) | ϩⲓⲛⲏⲃ (hinēv) | t’t’əs | yí bárcíi | rafa | hurdo |
| 108 | to live | حَيِيَ (ḥayiya), عَاشَ (ʕāša) | חַי (ħay) | ܚܝܐ (ħyâ) | balāṭu | ሐይወ (ħaywa) | ⲟⲛϧ (onx) | zđəɣ | dà râi | raaga | nool |
| 109 | to die | مَاتَ (māta) | מֵת (mêθ) | ܡܝܬ (mêθ) | mâtu | ⲙⲟⲩ (mu) | mməŧ | mútù | du'a | dhimo, amuud | |
| 110 | to kill | قَتَلَ (qatala) | הָרַג (hârağ), קָטַל (qâṭal) |
ܩܛܠ (qṭal) | dâku | ቀተለ (qatala) | ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ (muut) | nəɣ | káshèe | qooma, ajjeesa, qala | dil |
| 111 | to fight | قَاتَلَ (qātala) | רָב (râv) | ܟܬܫ (kθaš) | ṣâlu | ተበአሰ (tabaʾasa) | ⲙⲓϣⲉ (miše) | mmnəɣ | yí fáɗàa | dagaal, dirir | |
| 112 | to hunt | صَادَ (ṣāda) | צָד (ṣâð) | ܨܝܕ (ṣêð) | ṣâdu | ymā | fàráutàa | adama | ugaarsi | ||
| 113 | to hit | ضَرَبَ (ḍaraba) | הִכָּה (hikkâ) | ܡܚܐ (mħâ), ܢܩܫ (nqaš) |
naṭû | wwəŧ, ssqəř | búgàa | dhufo | |||
| 114 | to cut | قَطَعَ (qaṭaʕa) | כָרַת (kâraθ), חָתַך (ħâθax) |
ܓܕܡ (gðam), ܩܛܥ (qṭaʿ) |
nakāsu | qqəs, fři | yánkèe | goy, jar | |||
| 115 | to split | شَقَّ (šaqqa) | בָּקַע (bâqaʿ), קָרַע (qâraʿ), חִלֵּק (ħillêq) |
ܫܪܩ (šraq), ܦܕܥ (paddaʿ), ܦܪܬ (parreθ) |
nesû, šalātu | ሸጸረ (šaṣara) | ƀđ’a | fáskàráa | jeex, tariiq | ||
| 116 | to stab | طَعَنَ (ṭaʕana) | דָּקַר (dâqar) | ܕܓܫ (dğaš) | dakāšu | ደጐጸ (dagwaṣa) | qqəs | sòokáa | toorey | ||
| 117 | to scratch | خَدَشَ (ḵadaša) | שָׂרַט (śâraṭ) | ܚܟ (ħax), ܣܪܛ (sraṭ) |
xarāsu | ሐንፈጠ (ħanfaṭa) | šməz | sóosàa | xoq | ||
| 118 | to dig | حَفَرَ (ḥafara) | חָפַר (ħâfar) | ܚܦܪ (ħfar) | napālu, xerû | ɣəz | háƙàa, tóonàa | qod | |||
| 119 | to swim | سَبَحَ (sabaḥa) | שָׂחָה (śâħâ) | ܣܚܐ (sħâ) | ጸበተ (ṣabata), ጸበየ (ṣabaya) |
fđəħ | yí íyóo | daaka | dabaal | ||
| 120 | to fly | طَارَ (ṭāra) | עָף (ʿâf) | ܦܪܚ (praħ) | parāḫu, parāšu | đ’u, fāfā (< Ar.?) | táashì | barara, barrisa | duul, buub | ||
| 121 | to walk | مَشَى (mašā) | הָלַךְ (hâlax) | ܗܠܟ (hallex) | akāšu | ሖረ (ħora) | ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mo'oše) | uyua | tàfí | adeema | dareer, socod |
| 122 | to come | جَاءَ (jāʔa), بَاءَ (bāʔa), أَتَى (ʔatā) |
בָּא (bâ) | ܐܬܐ (ʾeθâ) | ṭexû | መጽአ (maṣʾa) | ⲉⲓ (i) | as | zóo | dhuf- | imaansho |
| 123 | to lie (recline) | رَقَدَ (raqada) | שָׁכַב (šâxav) | ܫܟܒ (šxev), ܡܟ (max) |
utulu | ሰከበ (sakaba) | ⲛⲕⲟⲧⲕ (ᵊnkotᵊk) | zzəř, bbuzzəř | kwántàa | c'iisa | seexo, jiif |
| 124 | to sit | جَلَسَ (jalasa) | יָשַׁב (yâšav) | ܝܬܒ (yθev) | wašābu | ነበረ (nabara) | ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmo'os) | qqim | záunàa | fadhi | |
| 125 | to stand | وَقَفَ (waqafa) | עָמַד (ʿâmað) | ܬܪܨ (traṣ) | izuzzu | ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe) | ƀədd | táashì | ijaaja, d'aabad'd'a | joogsi, istaag | |
| 126 | to turn | دَارَ (dāra) | פָּנָה (pânâ) | ܦܢܐ (pnâ), ܥܛܦ (ʿṭaf) |
saxāru | ሜጠ (méṭa) | ⲡⲱⲱⲛⲉ (pōōna), ⲕⲧⲟ (kto) | qřəƀ (< Ar.) | máyár̃ dà | taaya | wareeg, jeed |
| 127 | to fall | وَقَعَ (waqaʕa) | נָפַל (nâfal) | ܢܦܠ (nfal) | maqātu | ወድቀ (wadqa) | ϩⲉ (he) | wđ’a | fáaɗì | dhac | |
| 128 | to give | أَعْطَى (ʔaʕṭā) | נָתַן (nâθan) | ܝܗܒ (y(h)av), ܢܬܠ (nettel) |
nadānu | ϯ (ti) | əwš | báa | kenna | siin | |
| 129 | to hold | أَخَذَ (ʔaḵaḏa) | אָחַז (ʾâħaz) | ܐܚܕ (ʾeħað) | naṣāru | አኸዘ (ʾaxaza) | šəbbā | qabo | |||
| 130 | to squeeze | عَصَرَ (ʕaṣara) | לָחַץ (lâħaṣ) | ܩܡܛ (qmaṭ), ܥܨܪ (ʿṣar) |
mazû | z’əmm | tuuji, marooji | ||||
| 131 | to rub | حَكَّ (ḥakka) | שִׁפְשֵׁף (šifšêf), מָרַח (mâraħ) |
ܫܦ (šaf), ܚܟ (ħax) |
lapātu | nħəđ | mar, xoq | ||||
| 132 | to wash | غَسَلَ (ḡasala) | רָחַץ (râħaṣ), שָׁטַף (šâṭap) |
ܚܠܠ (ħallel), ܦܝܥ (payyaʿ) |
ramāku | ⲣⲱϩⲉ (rōhə), ⲉⲓⲱ (iō) | ssiađ, ssřiř | wánkèe | dhaq | ||
| 133 | to wipe | مَحَا (maḥā) | מָחָה (mâħâ), נִגֵּב (niggêv) |
ܟܦܪ (kfar) | kapāru | msəħ (< Ar.) | tirtir | ||||
| 134 | to pull | جَرَّ (jarra) | מָשַׁךְ (mâšax) | ܓܪܫ (graš) | ⲥⲁⲥⲉ (sase) | žar’r’ (< Ar.) | jáa | harkisa | jiid | ||
| 135 | to push | دَفَعَ (dafaʕa) | דָּחַף (dâħaf) | ܙܥܦ (zʿaf) | ϩⲓϭⲗⲁ (hikʲla) | ʕān | túuràa | dhiib- | riix | ||
| 136 | to throw | رَمَى (ramā) | רָמָה (râmâ), הִשְׁלִיךְ (hišlīx) | ܪܡܐ (rmâ) | nadû | nd’ā | tuur, xoor, gan | ||||
| 137 | to tie | رَبَطَ (rabaṭa) | קָשַׁר (qâšar) | ܐܣܪ (ʾesar), ܩܛܪ (qṭar) | kaṣāru, rakāsu, ṣamādu | qqən | xir | ||||
| 138 | to sew | خَاطَ (ḵāṭa) | תָּפַר (tâfar) | ܚܛ (ħâṭ) | kubbû | ⲧⲱⲣⲡ (torp), ⲱⲧϩ (ōth), ϫⲱⲗⲕ (jōlk) | xəyyəđ’ (< Ar.) | ɗínkàa | erba | tol | |
| 139 | to count | عَدَّ (ʕadda) | מָנָה (mânâ), סָפַר (sâfar) | ܡܢܐ (mnâ) | manû | ቀመር (qamar) | ⲱⲡ (ōp) | ħsəƀ (< Ar.) | tiri | ||
| 140 | to say | قَالَ (qāla) | אָמַר (ʾâmar) | ܐܡܪ (ʾemar) | qabû | ϣⲁϫⲉ (šajə), ϫⲱ (jō) | ini | cêe, fáɗìi | jedh- | dheh, oro | |
| 141 | to sing | غَنَّى (ḡannā) | שָׁר (šâr), רַן (rân), זִמֵּר (zimmêr) | ܙܡܪ (zmar) | zamāru | ϭⲛϭⲛ (kʲənkʲən), ϩⲱⲥ (hōs) | ɣənnəž | hees | |||
| 142 | to play | لَعِبَ (laʕiba) | שִׂחֵק (śiħêq) | ܫܥܐ (šaʿʿê) | mēlelu | ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōvə) | irā | ciyaar, dheel | |||
| 143 | to float | عَامَ (ʕāma), طَفَا (ṭafā) |
שָׁט (šâṭ), צָף (ṣâf) |
ܛܦ (ṭaf) | ⲛⲏⲏⲃⲉ (nē'ēvə), ϩⲗⲟⲉⲓⲗⲉ (hloile) | fđəħ | sabbey | ||||
| 144 | to flow | جَرَى (jarā) | זָרַם (zâram) | ܪܕܐ (rðâ), ܫܚܠ (šħal) |
alāku | ϣⲱⲗ (šōl) | azzəř | qulqul | |||
| 145 | to freeze | جَمَدَ (jamada) | קָפָא (qâfa) | ܓܠܕ (gleð), ܩܪܫ (qraš) |
ⲱϭⲣ (ōkʲᵊr) | žās | barafey | ||||
| 146 | to swell | وَرِمَ (warima) | הִתְנַפֵּחַ (hiθnappêaħ) | ܙܘܐ (zwâ), ܥܒܐ (ʿvâ) |
ⲛⲟⲩϥⲧ (nufᵊt) | suff | barar | ||||
| 147 | sun | شَمْس (šams) | שֶׁמֶשׁ (šemeš) | ܫܡܫܐ (šemšâ) | šamšu | ⲣⲏ (rē) | ŧfušŧ | ráanáa | aduu, biiftuu | qorrax, cadceed | |
| 148 | moon | قَمَر (qamar) | יָרֵחַ (yârêaħ) | ܣܗܪܐ (sahrâ) | sîn, warxu | ወርሕ (wärḥ) | ⲟⲟϩ (o'oh) | yua, ŧaziri | wátàa | baatii, ji'a | dayax |
| 149 | star | نَجْم (najm), كَوْكَب (kawkab) |
כּוֹכָב (kōxâv) | ܟܘܟܒܐ (kawkvâ) | kakkabu | ኮከብ (kokab) | ⲥⲓⲟⲩ (siu) | iŧri | tàuràaróo | urjii | xiddig |
| 150 | water | مَاء (māʔ) | מַיִם (mayim) | ܡܝܐ (mayyâ) | mû | ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (mou) | aman | rúwáa | bisaan, madda | biyo | |
| 151 | rain | مَطَر (maṭar) | מָטָר (mâṭâr), גֶּשֶׁם (gešem) |
ܡܛܪܐ (meṭrâ) | zunnu | ϩⲱⲟⲩ (hōu) | anz’ā | rúwán sámàa | roob | ||
| 152 | river | نَهْر (nahr), نَهَر (nahar) |
נָהָר (nâhâr) | ܢܗܪܐ (nahrâ) | nāru | ተከዚ (takazi) | ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (iero) | iɣzā | kòogíi | laga | webi |
| 153 | lake | بُحَيْرَة (buḥayra) | אֲגַם (ʾağam) | ܝܡܬܐ (yammθâ) | tāmtu | ባሕር (baḥr) | ⲗⲓⲙⲛⲏ (limnē) | ařimam, ŧanda | táfkìi | haro, yamays | |
| 154 | sea | بَحْر (baḥr), يَمّ (yamm) |
יָם (yâm) | ܝܡܐ (yammâ) | tâmtu | ባሕር (bāħr) | ⲉⲓⲟⲙ (iom) | řəƀħā (< Ar.) | tèekú (< Songhay) | galaana | bad |
| 155 | salt | مِلْح (milḥ) | מֶלַח (melaħ) | ܡܠܚܐ (melħâ) | 𒁵 (ṭabtu) | ጸው (ṣaw) | ⲙⲗϩ (mᵊlh), ϩⲙⲟⲩ (hᵊmu) | ŧaməǧǧaħŧ (< Ar.) | gíshíríi | aššaboo, soogidda | cusbo |
| 156 | stone | حَجَر (ḥajar) | אֶבֶן (ʾeven) | ܟܐܦܐ (kêfâ), ܐܒܢܐ (ʾavnâ), ܫܘܥܐ (šōʿâ) |
abnu | እብን (ʾəbn) | ⲱⲛⲉ (ōnə) | az’r’u | dúutsèe | d'agaa | dhagax, shiid |
| 157 | sand | رَمْل (raml) | חוֹל (ħōl) | ܚܠܐ (ħâlâ) | bāṣu | ኾጻ (xoṣā) | ϣⲱ (šō) | ižđi | yàashíi, ƙásáa | ciid, bacaad | |
| 158 | dust | غُبَار (ḡubār) | אָבָק (ʾâvâq) | ܐܒܩܐ (ʾavqâ), ܕܩܬܐ (deqtâ) |
eperu | መሬት (marét) | ϣⲟⲉⲓϣ (šoiš) | ŧaɣəbbā’ŧ (< Ar.) | ƙùuráa | awaara | bus, boor |
| 159 | earth | أَرْض (ʔarḍ) | אֶרֶץ (ʾereṣ) | ܐܪܥܐ (ʾarʿâ) | erṣetu | ምድር (mədr) | ⲉⲓⲧⲛ (itᵊn), ⲕⲁϩ (kah), ⲧⲟ (to) | šař | ƙásáa | biyyoo | dhul |
| 160 | cloud | غَيْمَة (ḡayma), عَنَانَة (ʕanāna), سَحَابَة (saḥāba) | עָנָן (ʿânân) | ܥܢܢܐ (ʿnânâ), ܥܝܡܐ (ʿaymâ), ܥܝܒܐ (ʿaybâ) |
erpetu | ደመና (damanā) | ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ (klo'olə), ϭⲏⲡⲉ (kʲēpə) | asiynu, ŧažnawŧ | gàajìmàarée | duumessa | hogol, daruur |
| 161 | fog | ضَبَاب (ḍabāb) | עֲרָפֶל (ʿarâfel) | ܥܪܦܠܐ (ʿarpellâ) | imbāru | ጊሜ (gimé) | ⲧⲙⲧⲙ (tᵊmtᵊm) | ŧayyuŧ | házóo | ciiryaamo | |
| 162 | sky | سَمَاء (samāʔ) | שָׁמַיִם (šâmayim) | ܫܡܝܐ (šmayyâ) | šamû | ⲡⲉ (pe), pl.ⲡⲏⲩⲉ (pēuə) | ažənna | sámà (< Ar.) | waaqa | cir | |
| 163 | wind | رِيح (rīḥ) | רוּחַ (rūaħ) | ܪܘܚܐ (rūħâ) | šāru | ⲧⲏⲩ (tēu) | asəmmiđ’ | ískàa | qilleensa | dabayl | |
| 164 | snow | ثَلْج (ṯalj) | שֶׁלֶג (šeleğ) | ܬܠܓܐ (talgâ) | šalgu | ሐመዳ (ħamadā) | ⲭⲓⲱⲛ (khiōn) | ađfəř | ƙànƙáráa | c'abbii | baraf (< Persian) |
| 165 | ice | ثَلْج (ṯalj), جَلِيد (jalīd) |
קֶרַח (qeraħ) | ܓܠܝܕܐ (glīðâ) | አስሐትያ (ʾäsḥätya) | ⲕⲣⲩⲥⲧⲁⲗⲗⲟⲥ (krustallos) | ažris | ƙànƙáráa | c'abbii | baraf | |
| 166 | smoke | دُخَان (duḵān), دُخَّان (duḵḵān) |
עָשָׁן (ʿâšân) | ܬܢܢܐ (tennânâ) | qutru | ጢስ (ṭis) | ⲕⲣⲙⲧⲥ (krᵊmtᵊs), ⲧⲙⲧⲙ (tᵊmtᵊm) | ddəxxan (< Ar.) | háyáaûíi | aara | uun, qaac, qiiq |
| 167 | fire | نَار (nār) | אֵשׁ (ʾêš) | ܢܘܪܐ (nūrâ), ܐܫܬܐ (ʾeššâθâ) |
išātu | እሳት (ʾəsāt) | ⲕⲱϩⲧ (kōhᵊt), ⲕⲣⲱⲛ (krōn) | ŧiməssi | wútáa | bobaa, giimii, ibidda | dab, oog |
| 168 | ash | رَمَاد (ramād) | אֵפֶר (ʾêfer) | ܩܛܡܐ (qeṭmâ) | didallu, ṭikmēnu | ሐመድ (ħamad) | ⲕⲣⲙⲉⲥ (kᵊrməs) | iɣɣəđ | tòokáa | barbadaa | dambas |
| 169 | burn (intrans.) | حَرَقَ (ḥaraqa) | בָּעַר (bâʿar) | ܝܩܕ (yqað) | napāxu | ⲣⲱⲕϩ (rōkᵊh) | šməđ’ | ƙóonèe | gub | ||
| 170 | road | طَرِيق (ṭarīq) | דֶּרֶךְ (derex) | ܐܘܪܚܐ (ʾurħâ) | xūlu | ϩⲓⲏ (hiē), pl. ϩⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ (hiowə) | aƀriđ | hányàa | waddo, jid, surin, tub, wadiiqo, dhabbe, marin | ||
| 171 | mountain | جَبَل (jabal) | הַר (har) | ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrâ) | šadû | ደብር (dabr) | ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (tou) | ađrā, ađmā | tsáunìi, dúutsèe, túdùu | gaara | buur |
| 172 | red (adj.) | أَحْمَر m (ʔaḥmar), حَمْرَاء f (ḥamrāʔ) |
אָדֹם m (ʾâðōm), אֲדֻמָּה f (ʾaðummâ) |
ܣܘܡܩܐ m (summâqâ), ܣܘܡܩܬܐ f (summâqtâ) |
ruššû, pēlu | ቀይሕ (qayħ) | ⲧⲱⲣϣ (tōrš) | azəggwaɣ | jáa | diimaa | casaan, gaduud |
| 173 | green (adj.) | أَخْضَر m (ʔaḵḍar), خَضْرَاء f (ḵaḍrāʔ) |
יָרֹק m (yârōq), יְרֻקָּה f (y'ruqqâ) |
ܝܘܪܩܐ m (yurrâqâ), ܝܘܪܩܬܐ f (yurrâqtâ) |
warqu | ሐመልሚል (ħamalmil) | ⲟⲩⲟⲧ (wōt) | aziyza | tsánwáa, kóor̃èe | bifa margaa | cagaar |
| 174 | yellow (adj.) | أَصْفَر m (ʔaṣfar), صَفْرَاء f (ṣafrāʔ) |
צָהֹב m (ṣâhōv), צְהֻבָּה f (ṣ'hubbâ) |
ܫܥܘܬܢܝܐ m (šâʿūθânâyâ), ܫܥܘܬܢܝܬܐ f (šâʿūθânâytâ) |
warqu | ዘፍራ (zafrā) | ⲙⲣⲟϣ (mᵊroš) | awr’aɣ | ràawáyàa | boora | huruud, cawl, jaalle (< Italian) |
| 175 | white (adj.) | أَبْيَض m (ʔabyaḍ), بَيْضَاء f (bayḍāʔ) |
לָבָן m (lâvân), לְבָנָה f (l'vânâ) |
ܚܘܪܐ m (ħewwârâ), ܚܘܪܬܐ f (ħewwârtâ) |
peṣû | ጸዐዳ (ṣaʿadā), ጻዕዳ (ṣāʿdā) |
ⲟⲩⲟⲃϣ (ouovᵊš) | ašəmřař | fáríi | adii | caddaan |
| 176 | black (adj.) | أَسْوَد m (ʔaswad), سَوْدَاء f (sawdāʔ) |
שָׁחֹר m (šâħōr), שְׁחֹרָה f (š'ħōrâ) |
ܐܘܟܡܐ m (ʾukkâmâ), ܐܘܟܡܬܐ m (ʾukkâmtâ) |
ṣalmu | ጸሊም (ṣalim) | ⲕⲏⲙ (kēm) | aƀāršan | báƙíi | gur'aaccaa | madow |
| 177 | night | لَيْل (layl) | לַיְלָה (laylâ) | ܠܠܝܐ (lêlyâ) | mūšu | ሌሊት (lélit) | ⲟⲩϣⲏ (ušē) | ǧǧiřəŧ (< Ar.) | dárée | halkan | habeen |
| 178 | day | يَوْم (yawm) | יוֹם (yōm) | ܝܘܡܐ (yawmâ) | ūmu | ዕለት (ʿəlat) | ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hou) | nhā (< Ar.) | ráanáa | guyyaa | maalin, dharaar |
| 179 | year | سَنَة (sana), عَام (ʕām) |
שָׁנָה (šânâ) | ܫܢܬܐ (ša(n)tâ) | šattu | ዓም (ʿām), ዓመት (ʿāmat) |
ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲉ (rompe), pl. ⲣⲙⲡⲟⲟⲩⲉ (rᵊmpowe) | asəggwas | shèeƙáràa, shèekáràa | bara, waggaa | sannad (< Ar.), kal, shin, gu' |
| 180 | warm | دَافِئ (dāfiʔ) | חַם (ħam) | ܫܚܝܢܐ (šaħħīnâ) | šaḫnu | ምውቅ (məwq) | ⲑⲉⲣⲙⲟⲛ (thermon) | ħma (< Ar.) | buluqaa, o'aa | qandac, diiran | |
| 181 | cold | بَارِد (bārid) | קַר (qar) | ܩܪܝܪܐ (qarrīrâ) | kaṣû | ቍር (qwər) | ⲟⲣϣ (orš) | asəmmađ’ | mài ɗáaríi, mài sányíi | qorraa | qabow |
| 182 | full | مُمْتَلِئ (mumtaliʔ) | מָלֵא (mâlē) | ܡܠܝܐ (malyâ) | malû | ምሉእ (məluʾ) | ⲙⲏϩ (meh) | ššua | buux | ||
| 183 | new | جَدِيد (jadīd), حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ) |
חָדָשׁ (ħâðâš) | ܚܕܬܐ (ħa(ð)θâ) | 𒉋 (eššu) | ⲃⲣⲣⲉ (vᵊrre) | žžđiđ (< Ar.) | sáabóo | haaraa | cusub | |
| 184 | old | قَدِيم (qadīm) | יָשָׁן (yâšân) | ܥܬܝܩܐ (ʿattīqâ) (thing), ܣܒܐ (sâvâ) (person) |
labru, 𒋗𒄄 (šību) |
ⲁⲥ (as) | aməqqr’an, awəssā | tsóohóo | moofaa | duug | |
| 185 | good | طَيِّب (ṭayyib) | טוֹב (ṭōv) | ܛܒܐ (ṭâvâ) | 𒄭 (ṭābu) | ኼር (xér) | ⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ (nufe) | šən | fiican, wanaagsan | ||
| 186 | bad | سَيِّئ (sayyiʔ) | רַע (raʿ) | ܒܝܫܐ (bīšâ) | 𒅆𒌨 (lemnu) | እኩይ (ʾəkuy) | ϩⲟⲟⲩ (hou), ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bo'on) |
wā yəħři | xun | ||
| 187 | rotten | مُتَعَفِّن (mutaʕaffin) | רָקוּב (râqūv) | ܒܩܝܩܐ (bqīqâ) | 𒅆𒌨𒁶 (masku) | xs’ā ( < Ar.) | bud'uq jed'a | qurun | |||
| 188 | dirty | قَذِر (qaḏir), وَسِخ (wasiḵ) |
מְלֻכְלָךְ (m'luxlâx) | ܫܘܚܬܢܐ (šuħtânâ) | 𒈬𒁍 ((w)aršu) | marrəɣ | dhusukh, uskag | ||||
| 189 | straight | مُسْتَقِيم (mustaqīm) | יָשָׁר (yâšâr) | ܬܪܝܨܐ (trīṣâ) | ešru | ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲙ (sutom) | nišan ( < Ar.) | toos, turuus | |||
| 190 | round | مُسْتَدِير (mustadīr) | עָגֹל (ʿâğul) | ܚܘܕܪܢܝܐ (ħuðrânâyâ) | kippatu | aquřay | wareeg | ||||
| 191 | sharp | حَادّ (ḥādd) | חַד (ħað) | ܚܪܝܦܐ (ħarrifâ) | šēlu | qđ’əʕ ( < Ar.) | afle | ||||
| 192 | dull | ثَلِم (ṯalim) | קֵהֶה (qêhe) | ܩܗܝܐ (qahyâ) | damiin | ||||||
| 193 | smooth | نَاعِم (nāʕim) | חָלָק (ħâlâq) | ܦܫܝܩܐ (pšīqâ) | ⲗⲉⲕⲗⲱⲕ (leklok) | ařəqqaɣ | dabac | ||||
| 194 | wet | رَطْب (raṭb) | רָטֹב (râṭōv), רָטוּב (râṭūv) |
ܪܛܝܒܐ (raṭṭīvâ), ܬܠܝܠܐ (tallīlâ) |
raṭbu | ϩⲟⲣⲡ (horp) | uff | jiid'aa | qoyan | ||
| 195 | dry | جَافّ (jāff), يَابِس (yābis) |
יָבֵשׁ (yâvêš) | ܝܒܝܫܐ (yabbīšâ) | ablu | ⲃⲟⲥⲧ (vost) | azəɣ | qallal, engag | |||
| 196 | correct | صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ) | נָכוֹן (nâxōn) | ܬܪܝܨܐ (trīṣâ) | damqu | ራትዕ (ratʿ) | ⲥⲟⲟϩⲉ (so'ohe) | nišan ( < Ar.) | saxan, toosan | ||
| 197 | near | قَرِيب (qarīb) | קָרוֹב (qârōv) | ܩܪܝܒܐ (qarrīvâ) | 𒋼 (ṭexû) | ϩⲏⲛ (hēn) | ađəs | kúsá | d'i'oo | dhow | |
| 198 | far | بَعِيد (baʕīd) | רָחוֹק (râħōq) | ܪܚܝܩܐ (raħħīqâ) | nešû | ርሑቅ (rəħuq) | ⲟⲩⲉ (we) | ggwəž | níisá | fagoo | fag |
| 199 | right | يَمِين (yamīn) | יָמִין (yâmīn) | ܝܡܝܢܐ (yammīnâ) | 𒍠 (imittu) | የመን (yaman) | ⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙ (unam) | afusi, yəffus | dáamá | mirga | midig |
| 200 | left | شِمَال (šimāl), يَسَار (yasār) |
שְׂמֹאל (ś'mōl) | ܣܡܠܐ (semmâlâ) | 𒆏𒁍 (šumēlu) | ጸጋም (ṣagām) | ϩⲃⲟⲩⲣ (hvur) | az’əřmađ’, z’əřməđ’ | hágú | bitaa | bidix, gur |
| 201 | at | عِنْدَ (ʕinda) | בְּ־ (b'-) | ܒ- (b-/ba-), ܠܘܬ (lwâθ) |
ϩⲛ- (hᵊn-) | ɣā | ag | ||||
| 202 | in | فِي (fī), بِ (bi-) |
בְּ־ (b'-) | ܒ- (b-/ba-) | ina | በ (ba-) | ϩⲛ- (hᵊn-) | ku.. | |||
| 203 | with | مَعَ (maʕa), بِ (bi-) |
אֵת (ʾêθ), בְּ־ (b'-), עִם (ʿim) |
ܥܡ (ʿam), ܒ- (b-/ba-) |
itti | ⲙⲛ (mn) | akəđ | la | |||
| 204 | and | وَ (wa-) | וְ־ (w'-) | ܘ- (w-/wa-) | u | ⲁⲩⲱ (auo) | đ | oo, iyo | |||
| 205 | if | لَوْ (law), إِذَا (ʔiḏā), إِن (ʔin) |
אִם (ʾim) | ܐܢ (ʾen) | šumma | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ (eršan) | mařa | haddii, lacalla | |||
| 206 | because | بِسَبَبِ (bisababi), لِأَنَّ (liʔanna) |
בִּגְלַל (biğlal), מִפְּנֵי (mipp'nê) |
-ܡܛܠ ܕ (meṭṭol d-/da-), ܒܥܠܬ (bʿellaθ) |
aššum | ⲉⲧⲃⲉ ϫⲉ (etve je) | s minzi | illeen, maxaayeelay | |||
| 207 | name | اِسْم (ism) | שֵׁם (šêm) | ܫܡܐ (šmâ) | 𒈬 (šumu) | ስም (səm) | ⲣⲁⲛ (ran) | isəm (< Ar.) | súunáa | maqaa | magac |
References edit
- Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN
- Eccles, Lance. A short English-Coptic classified vocabulary with illustrative sentences.
- Smith, Richard. 1999. A Concise Coptic-English Lexicon, 2nd Edition. Society of Biblical Literature
- Tarifiyt Berber (World Loanword Database)
- Hausa (World Loanword Database)
- Gragg, Gene B. 1982. Oromo Dictionary. Monograph (Michigan State University. Committee on Northeast African Studies) no. 12. East Lansing, MI: African Studies Center, Michigan State University.
- Somach, Susan D. 2000. English - Somali Phrasebook with Useful Wordlist. Washington D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
- Tarifit Swadesh List
See also edit
External links edit
- Semitic Word List Data (Kitchen et. al, 2009)