辰

辰	U+8FB0, 辰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FB0

⾠	U+2FA0, ⾠ KANGXI RADICAL MORNING

← ⾟
[U+2F9F]

Kangxi Radicals

⾡ →
[U+2FA1]

辰	U+F971, 辰 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F971

← 殺
[U+F970]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

沈 →
[U+F972]

Translingual edit

Stroke order

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 161 辰

辰 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一一女 (MMMV), four-corner 7123₂, composition ⿸厂⿱二⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJK) or ⿸厂⿸⿱二𠄌⿺乀丿(HTV))

Kangxi radical #161, ⾠.

Derived characters edit

Appendix:Chinese radical/辰
侲, 㖘, 娠, 帪, 振, 浱, 𪺼, 陙, 桭, 祳, 脤, 𤱼, 䀼, 𪿟, 裖, 𦁄, 𦓶, 蜄, 𧣨, 誫(𫍨), 賑(赈), 䟴, 𨉎, 𨌑, 鋠(𫓵), 𬴶, 𩷩, 𪘝
䣅, 𢦿, 敐, 㰮, 㲀, 𣭽, 䫃, 𪁧, 唇, 𪣗, 𡝌, 𫸚, 𢛚, 㫳, 𬅾, 脣, 蜃, 𪓧, 𧒏, 𫤹, 宸, 𡷰, 莀, 晨, 𤲆, 䆣, 震, 𦻼, 𣊤, 𫘾, 曟, 屒, 𢈫, 𭼏, 麎

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38682
Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3606, character 1
Unihan data for U+8FB0

Unihan data for U+F971

Chinese edit

trad.		辰
simp. ^#		辰
alternative forms		𫝕𨑃 ancient 𨑄 ancient 𠨷 ancient 𠩟 ancient

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 辰
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辴	tʰɯl, tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	tɯnʔ, djɯn
振	tjɯn, tjɯns
侲	tjɯn, tjɯn
桭	tjɯn, djɯn
唇	tjɯn, ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	tjɯnʔ, tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	tjɯnʔ, djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	tjɯns, hljɯn
蜃	djɯns, djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	djɯn, ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Pictogram (象形) – a kind of agricultural tool used for tilling the fields and removing weeds (Guo, 1931; Qiu, 1992), possibly made of a kind of large clam 蜃 (OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) (Guo, 1931).

Alternatively, it could be a pictogram (象形) of a person holding onto a cliff – original character of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to hold up”) (Shang, 1983).

Etymology edit

“to vibrate”: Related to 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).

“fifth earthly branch”: Norman (1985) suggests that it is from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁la(a)n (“python”), whence Vietnamese trăn, Khmer ថ្លាន់ (thlan), Mon ကၠန် (klɔn). However, Ferlus (2013) points to reconstructions like *dər (Baxter & Sagart) and *ᴸdzɨr (Ferlus) and remarks that those do not match any animal's name in Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) languages. Therefore, 辰 might have been associated arbitrarily with the dragon (龍).

Smith (2011) agrees with the proposal (e.g. by Guo, 1931) that 辰 (OC dən) initially depicted an agricultural implement made from clams' shells and was the original form of 蜃 (OC dəns, “mollusc, clam”); so he proposes that the fifth earthly branch depicted the moon's second waning-gibbous phase, which looks like a clam. He also suggests that 辰 (chén) also represented the ovoid-shaped rising sun and is thus related to 晨 (chén, “early morning”).

“time”: From 時 (OC *djɯ, “time”) + nominalizing suffix -n, literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). This word partially converges with 晨 (OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn, “morning”) (ibid.).

“heavenly body”: The endopassive of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to shake; to stir”), literally “to stir oneself”, i.e. “when life begins to stir” > “heavenly bodies that mark time” (ibid.).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chén (chen²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n

(Meixian, Guangdong): sen²
Northern Min (KCR): sěng
Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chén
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chén
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên²
  - Yale: chén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
  - Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san⁴
  - Yale: sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sen²
  - Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
  - Tâi-lô: sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶zen
  - MiniDict: zen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 辰
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʂẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən³¹/
	Guiyang	/sen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐn²¹/
	Nanning	/sɐn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/sɐn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sin³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tin³¹/

Middle Chinese: dzyin

Rime
Character	辰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	植鄰切
Baxter	dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ər/

(Zhengzhang): /*djɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	辰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ər/
English	5th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辰
Reading #	1/1
No.	1372
Phonetic component	辰
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	辰
Old Chinese	/*djɯn/

Definitions edit

辰

^† to vibrate
fifth of twelve earthly branches (地支), variously equated with
1. (Chinese zodiac) dragon (龍)
2. (navigation) a bearing of 120° (between ESE and SE)
3. (Chinese calendar) the 3rd lunar month (三月)
4. (Chinese calendar) the 5th day or year in a dozen
5. (Chinese timekeeping) the 2-hour period between 7 and 9 am
time; day; season
heavenly body; stars
^† (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心宿 (Xīnxiù, “Heart Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
^† (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 北極星／北极星 (Běijíxīng, “North Star”).
^† Alternative form of 晨 (chén, “early morning”)
a surname

Coordinate terms edit

(Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)}