Wiktionary

辛

(Redirected from ⾟)
See also: 幸, 羍, and 푸
辛 U+8F9B, 辛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F9B
← 辚
[U+8F9A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辜 →
[U+8F9C]
⾟ U+2F9F, ⾟
KANGXI RADICAL BITTER
← ⾞
[U+2F9E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾠ →
[U+2FA0]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 160 辛

辛 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿十 (YTJ), four-corner 00401, composition ⿱立十 or ⿱亠𢆉)

  1. Kangxi radical #160, ⾟.

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1250, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38630
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1729, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4036, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8F9B

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 辛
alternative forms 亲

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 辛
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Pictogram (象形) of a tool—chisel, awl, spike—used to mark slaves and criminals. It is related to 䇂.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sin (“liver; heart; bile; bitter”); compare Tibetan མཆིན (mchin, “liver”), Burmese သည်း (sany:, “liver”), Tangut 𗮰 (*sji², “liver”) (Gong, 2002; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sin/
Li
Rong 		/siĕn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]i[n]/
English pungent; painful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		新
Old
Chinese 		/*siŋ/
Notes 甲文象黥刺刀具，
𠞂（皮傷）初文

Definitions edit

辛

  1. spicy; hot; pungent
    辛辣  ―  xīnlà  ―  spicy
  2. hard; laborious; toilsome
    辛苦  ―  xīnkǔ  ―  laborious
  3. sorrowful; miserable; hard
    辛酸  ―  xīnsuān  ―  bitter
  4. a surname
    辛棄疾／辛弃疾  ―  Xīn Qìjí  ―  Xin Qiji (Chinese poet during the Southern Song dynasty)
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 辛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 辣, 辛辣
Mandarin Beijing 辣
Taiwan 辣
Tianjin 辣
Tangshan 辣
Cangzhou 辣
Baoding 辣
Shijiazhuang 辣
Chifeng 辣
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 辣
Harbin 辣
Shenyang 辣
Yantai (Muping) 辣
Qingdao 辣
Jinan 辣
Wanrong 麻
Zhengzhou 辣
Xi'an 辣
Yinchuan 辣
Lanzhou 辣
Xining 辣
Ürümqi 辣
Wuhan 辣
Chengdu 辣
Chongqing 辣
Guiyang 辣
Kunming 辣
Guilin 辣
Liuzhou 辣
Xuzhou 辣
Yangzhou 辣
Nanjing 辣
Hefei 辣
Nantong 辣
Malaysia 辣
Singapore 辣
Cantonese Guangzhou 辣
Hong Kong 辣
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 辣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 辣
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 辣
Taishan 辣
Dongguan 辣
Yangjiang 辣
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 辣
Singapore (Guangfu) 辣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 辣
Gan Nanchang 辣
Lichuan 辣
Pingxiang 辣
Hakka Meixian 辣
Dongguan (Qingxi) 辣
Heyuan (Bendihua) 辣
Wengyuan 辣
Liannan 辣
Jiexi 辣
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 辣
Changting 辣
Wuping (Yanqian) 辣
Ninghua 辣
Yudu 辣
Ningdu 辣
Tonggu (Sandu) 辣
Ganzhou (Panlong) 辣
Dayu 辣
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 辣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 辣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 辣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 辣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 辣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 薟
Hong Kong 辣
Mengshan (Xihe) 辣
Luchuan 辣
Senai (Huiyang) 辣
Huizhou Jixi 辣
Shexian 辣
Jin Taiyuan 辣
Xinzhou 辣
Linhe 辣
Jining 辣
Hohhot 辣
Zhangjiakou 辣
Handan 辣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 辣
Southern Min Xiamen 辣
Quanzhou 辣
Zhangzhou 辣
Zhao'an 薟
Dongshan 薟
Taipei 薟
Taipei (Wanhua) 薟
New Taipei (Tamsui) 薟
New Taipei (Sanxia) 薟
New Taipei (Pingxi) 薟
Kaohsiung 薟
Yilan 薟
Changhua (Lukang) 薟
Taichung 薟
Taichung (Wuqi) 薟
Tainan 辣, 薟
Taitung 薟
Hsinchu 薟
Kinmen 辣
Penghu (Magong) 辣
Penang (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Singapore (Hokkien) 薟, 辣
Manila (Hokkien) 風, 辣
Chaozhou 薟
Shantou 薟
Shantou (Chenghai) 薟
Shantou (Chaoyang) 薟
Jieyang 薟
Haifeng 薟
Bangkok (Teochew) 薟
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 薟
Singapore (Teochew) 薟
Pontianak (Teochew) 薟
Wenchang 辣
Haikou 辣
Qionghai 辣
Puxian Min Putian 辣
Putian (Donghai) 辣
Putian (Jiangkou) 辣
Putian (Nanri) 辣
Xianyou 辣
Xianyou (Fengting) 辣
Xianyou (Youyang) 辣
Central Min Yong'an 辣
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 辣
Shehua Fu'an 辣
Fuding 辣
Luoyuan 辣
Sanming 辣
Shunchang 辣
Hua'an 辣
Guixi (Zhangping) 辣
Cangnan 辣
Jingning 辣
Lishui 辣
Longyou 辣
Chaozhou 辣
Fengshun 辣
Wu Shanghai 辣
Shanghai (Chongming) 辣
Suzhou 辣
Danyang 辣
Hangzhou 辣
Ningbo 辣
Wenzhou 辣
Jinhua 辣
Jinhua (Tangxi) 辣農
Xiang Changsha 辣
Loudi 辣

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Smith (2011) proposes that the name for the heavenly stem is based on the Boötes constellation, which resembles an awl; it may be related to Etymology 1 with the “sharp” semantics connecting the two.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息鄰切
Baxter sin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/sin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/sin/
Li
Rong 		/siĕn/
Wang
Li 		/sĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辛
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xīn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*si[n]/
English 8th heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辛
Reading # 1/1
No. 13810
Phonetic
component 		辛
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		新
Old
Chinese 		/*siŋ/
Notes 甲文象黥刺刀具，
𠞂（皮傷）初文

Definitions edit

辛

  1. eighth of the ten heavenly stems
  2. (in a list) eighth; number 8; VIII
  3. (organic chemistry) octa-
Coordinate terms edit

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (辛):
  • → Japanese: 辛(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신(辛) (sin)
  • → Vietnamese: tân (辛)

Others:

  • → Zhuang: sin

Etymology 3 edit

Borrowed from English symplectic.

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

辛

  1. (mathematics, attributive) symplectic

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

辛

  1. Used in transcription.

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

辛

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. spicy, hot, acrid
  2. bitter, painful, difficult

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
辛
しん
Grade: S
on’yomi
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Middle Chinese 辛 (sin).

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

辛(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
辛
かのと
Grade: S
kun’yomi

金 (Ka, “Metal”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

辛(かのと) • (Kanoto) 

  1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean edit

Hanja edit

辛 (eumhun 매울 신 (mae'ul sin))

  1. bitter
  2. toilsome, laborious
  3. 8th heavenly stem

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

辛: Hán Nôm readings: tân, tăn, tơn

  1. chữ Hán form of Tân (“eighth of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds edit

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