U+6840, 桀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6840

[U+683F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6841]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 75, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓手木 (NQD), four-corner 25904, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14753
  • Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1203, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6840

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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In Chu slips, Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡrad) : phonetic (OC *kaːds) + semantic . In the modern script, has corrupted into .

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. #

According to Schussler (2007), (OC *ɡrad) and (OC *ɡrad) are the same word meaning "outstanding > hero"; insides Sinitic, it is cognate to (OC *kʰrad, “martial”); outsides Sinitic, it is related to either Mizo hrât (valiant, resolute) or Tibetan གྱད (gyad, strength; champion, athlete).

STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjat (hero, champion) for (OC) ~ (OC *ɡrad) and གྱད (gyad).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (83)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/giat̚/
Li
Rong
/ɡjɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jié
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
git6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jié jié jié
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjet › ‹ gjet › ‹ kjet ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-[k]<r>at/ /*m-[k]<r>at/ /*[k]<r>at/
English remarkable; hero perch for fowls lift, raise

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6461
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡrad/

Definitions

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  1. chicken roost
  2. Jie of Xia, an ancient emperor
  3. fierce; brutal; cruel
  4. to lift; to raise; to shoulder; to bear
  5. Alternative form of (jié, outstanding; hero)
Usage notes
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Barnwell (2013) proposes that the (jié, “hero”) mentioned in Classic of Poetry "Airs of Wey - Bo Xi" was indeed Jié of Xià (夏桀).[1]

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Zhangzhou:
    • ke̍eh - “to be not in harmony; to contradict; to get stuck”;
    • ke̍h - “to impede”.

    Definitions

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    1. (Hokkien) to be not in harmony; to be incompatible; to be contrary
    2. (Hokkien) to impede; to obstruct; to hinder
    3. (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) to get stuck; to wedge
    4. (Mainland China Hokkien) to contradict (people)
    5. (Xiamen Hokkien) hard to get along with others

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    trad.
    simp. #

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    1. (Hokkien) to have estrangement; to be in conflict with each other (often reduplicated)
      𪜶 [Hokkien, trad.]
      𪜶 [Hokkien, simp.]
      In lióng lâng khe̍h khe̍h. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      Both of them are in conflict with each other.
    2. (Xiamen Hokkien) to hit something
      [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
      Óaⁿ khe̍h tio̍h piah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      The bowl hit the wall.
    3. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a crack (of a jar, vat, etc.)

    References

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    1. ^ Barnwell, Scott A. (2013). "The Evolution of the Concept of De 德 in Early China" Sino-Platonic Paper, 235. p. 24-25, fn. 86

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

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    • On (unclassified): けつ (ketsu)
    • Kun: はりつけ (haritsuke)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    (eum (geol))

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: kiệt

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.