See also:
U+93E1, 鏡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93E1

[U+93E0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+93E2]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 167, +11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4250, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+93E1

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
2nd round simp. 𰽟

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kraŋs) : semantic (metal) + phonetic (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

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Probably cognate with (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”).

Alternatively, it may be derived from (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).

STEDT compares , and , among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (to shine; light; bright).

This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word (OC *kraːms), (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers to be an unrelated neologism replacing .

Pronunciation

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Note: giang1* - standalone noun or head of a compound.
Note:
  • jiang4 - vernacular;
  • jin4 - literary.
Note:
  • giáng - vernacular;
  • géng - literary.
Note:
  • kiàⁿ - vernacular;
  • kèng/kǐn - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong
/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ging3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qraŋʔ-s/
English mirror

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6870
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kraŋs/

Definitions

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  1. (now in compounds or dialectal) mirror; reflecting glass (Classifier: c)
      ―  jìngzi  ―  mirror
      ―  tóngjìng  ―  bronze mirror
    穿衣穿衣  ―  chuānyījìng  ―  dressing mirror
  2. (physics, in compounds) lens; -scope
      ―  léngjìng  ―  prism
    凸透凸透  ―  tūtòujìng  ―  convex lens
  3. (in compounds) spectacles; glasses
    太陽太阳  ―  tàiyángjìng  ―  sunglasses
    護目护目  ―  hùmùjìng  ―  goggles
  4. (Cantonese) Short for 鏡頭镜头 (jìngtóu, “camera lens”). (Classifier: c)
  5. to mirror; to reflect
  6. to perceive; to observe clearly
  7. to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  8. clear
  9. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (きょう) (kyō)
  • Korean: 경(鏡) (gyeong)
  • Vietnamese: kính ()

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1][2]

鏡󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
 
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
かがみ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of (kaga, ancient combining form of (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image) +‎ (mi, seeing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 見る (miru), “to see, to look at).[3][4]

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) がみ [kàgámíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[4]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɡa̠mʲi]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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(かがみ) (kagami

  1. a mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
    • 1999 March 6, “ミラージュ [Mirage]”, in Starter Box(スターターボックス), Konami:
      ()にする(かがみ)から(なか)()()()すことのできる(とり)のけもの。
      Te ni suru kagami kara nakama o yobidasu koto no dekiru tori no kemono.
      An avian beast that can call upon its companions from inside the mirror in its hands.
    • 1999 July 22, “アブソリューター [Absolutor]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      (あい)()(かがみ)(なか)()(かい)()()むことができる。
      Aite o kagami no naka no sekai ni suikomu koto ga dekiru.
      It can suck opponents into the world inside the mirror.
  2. Short for 鏡餅 (kagami mochi): a set of mochi rice cakes used in New Year celebrations
  3. Short for 鏡物 (kagamimono): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  4. (theater) Short for 鏡板 (kagami ita): the panel at the back of a noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
  5. the barrelhead or lid of a sake barrel
    昨日(きのう)(かがみ)()いた。
    Kinō, kagami o nuita.
    They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.
  6. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
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Idioms
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Proper noun

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(かがみ) (Kagami

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
きょう
Grade: 4
goon

/kjau//kjɔː//kjoː/

From Middle Chinese (MC kjaengH).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(きょう) (kyōきやう (kyau)?

  1. mirror
  2. speculum
  3. pattern, model, example
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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(きょう) (Kyōきやう (Kyau)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2198 (paper), page 1151 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1274 (paper), page 650 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 거울 (geoul gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of (mirror, lens)
  2. hanja form? of (glass, glasses)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
かがん
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese (kagami) and Kagoshima dialect (kagan).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(かがん) (kagan

  1. a mirror

Derived terms

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Okinoerabu

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (kagami, mirror).

Noun

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(はがみ) (hagami

  1. a mirror

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Originally a compound of (kaga, combining form of (kage2), “shadow; outline; figure; image) +‎ (mi1, seeing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 見る (mi1ru), “to see, to look at).[1][2]

Noun

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(kagami1) (kana かがみ)

  1. a mirror
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 90; also Man'yōshū, book 13, poem 3263:
      ...伊久比爾波加賀美袁加氣麻久比爾波麻多麻袁加氣...
      ...ikupi1 ni pa kagami1 wo kake2 ma-kupi1 ni pa ma-tama wo kake2...
      On the sacred stake a mirror is suspended; on the splendid stake splendid jewels are suspended.[3]
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3468:
      ,[4] text here
      夜麻杼里乃乎呂能波都乎爾可賀美可家刀奈布倍美許曾奈爾与曾利鷄米
      yamado2ri no2 woro2 no2 patuwo ni kagami1 kake1 to1nau be2mi1 ko2so2 na ni yo2serike1me2
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: (kagami)

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 80
  4. ^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (kagami, mirror).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(かか゚ん) (ka'ngan

  1. a mirror