ë

See also: Appendix:Variations of "e"

ë U+00EB, ë LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS Composition: e [U+0065] + ◌̈ [U+0308] ← ê [U+00EA] Latin-1 Supplement ì → [U+00EC]

Translingual

Letter

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The letter e with a diaresis.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter E):  Éé  Èè  Êê  Ḙḙ  Ěě  Ĕĕ  Ẽẽ  Ḛḛ  Ẻẻ  Ėė  Ëë  Ēē  Ȩȩ  Ęę  ᶒ  Ɇɇ  Ȅȅ  Ếế  Ềề  Ễễ  Ểể  Ḝḝ  Ḗḗ  Ḕḕ  Ȇȇ  Ẹẹ  Ệệ  ⱸ  ᴇ  Ｅｅ  Ææ  Ǽǽ  Ǣǣ  &  Œœ  ᵫ
• (Letters using umlaut or diaresis sign):  Ää  Ǟǟ  Ëë  Ḧḧ  Ïï  Ḯḯ  N̈n̈  Öö  Ȫȫ  Ṏṏ  ẗ  Üü  Ǘǘ  Ǚǚ  Ǜǜ  Ǖǖ  Ṻṻ  Ṳṳ  Ẅẅ  Ẍẍ  Ÿÿ

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/ or silent.

Letter

ë (lower case Ë)

1. The eighth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/, /ɛ/

Letter

ë (lower case Ë)

1. the letter “e” in words when it must be pronounced separately and not associated with preceding letter. E.g. “-gue” is normally pronounced /ɡ/ but “-guë” is pronounce /ɡy/ (like in aiguë, ciguë); “œ” is normally pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/ but “oë” is pronounced /o.ɛ/ (like in troëne, Noël)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The close-mid front unrounded vowel as used in several Hungarian dialects; more closed than the sound of e and shorter than that of é; used instead of e in certain, lexically determined places.

   Synonym: (literally: “closed e”) zárt e

2. The symbol to indicate this sound.

Usage notes

It can distinguish certain words that are otherwise homophones in the current standard (so it can act like a phoneme), e.g. nem: nem (“gender, genus”) and nëm (“not”); mentek: mentëk (“I save”), mentek (“exempt [plural]”), mëntëk (“you go [plural]”), and mëntek (“they went”).

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	ë	ë-k
accusative	ë-t	ë-ket
dative	ë-nek	ë-knek
instrumental	ë-vel	ë-kkel
causal-final	ë-ért	ë-kért
translative	ë-vé	ë-kké
terminative	ë-ig	ë-kig
essive-formal	ë-ként	ë-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ë-ben	ë-kben
superessive	ë-n	ë-ken
adessive	ë-nél	ë-knél
illative	ë-be	ë-kbe
sublative	ë-re	ë-kre
allative	ë-hez	ë-khez
elative	ë-ből	ë-kből
delative	ë-ről	ë-kről
ablative	ë-től	ë-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	ë-é	ë-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	ë-éi	ë-kéi

Possessive forms of ë
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ë-m	ë-im
2nd person sing.	ë-d	ë-id
3rd person sing.	ë-je	ë-i
1st person plural	ë-nk	ë-ink
2nd person plural	ë-tek	ë-itek
3rd person plural	ë-jük	ë-ik

Derived terms

• ë-zik → ë-zés, ë-ző

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

Further reading

• Mindent a zárt ë hangról by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Ilyen lënne az új helyësírás by László Fejes (Nyest.hu)
• Fejes László tévedései pontokba szedve by András Mészáros (Kiejtes.hu)
• Section 89 in A magyar helyesírás szabályai, 12. kiadás (’The Rules of Hungarian Orthography, 12th edition’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2015. →ISBN
• ë in Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (’A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition. →ISBN (The online version is available with registration for one 2-hour free trial per month.)
• Mészáros, András. Igényës (ë-ző) kiejtési kisszótár : adalékok a 15 magánhangzós magyar köznyelvi kiejtés mércéjének kialakításához. “Pocket dictionary of a discerning (ë-) pronunciation: contributions to shaping everyday standard Hungarian with 15 vowels.” 2nd, rev. ed. Bicske: Gondos Bt., 1999. →ISBN

Kashubian

Letter

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called szwa and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Conjunction

ë

1. and

Ladin

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɜ/

Letter

ë (upper case Ë)

1. The open-mid central unrounded vowel as used in the Gherdëina variant of Ladin.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a (À à, Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (Ë ë, É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ò ò, Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s (Ś ś), T t, U u (Ù ù, Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, Z z

Middle High German

Etymology

In words spelled with this letter, the ë comes from Proto-Germanic *e (as in ëȥzen) or *i (as in lëben)

Letter

ë

1. a letter of the normalised Middle High German spelling

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (International Standard) The letter e with the umlaut.

Usage notes

Although it is pronounced the same as ä, it indicates a dialectal pronunciation of e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Further reading

• Marcel Courthiade (2009), “DECISION : "THE ROMANI ALPHABET"”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor, Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (in Hungarian; English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher, →ISBN, page 499
• “Introduction 3. How to read Rromani”, in R.E.D-RROM‎^[1], accessed October 2, 2021

Slovene

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (sound): IPA^(key): /joː/
• (sound, educated): IPA^(key): /jɔ/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. (linguistics) Letter used for transcription of Russian Ё / ё.

Etymology 2

Letter E with diaeresis (¨) to signify centralization.

Pronunciation

• (Resian, phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ë (lower case, upper case Ë)

1. The ninth letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• e
• ē
• è
• é
• ȅ
• ȇ
• ê
• ḙ
• ẹ
• ə

References

• Toporišič, Jože (2001), “Slovaropisna pravila”, in Slovenski pravopis (in Slovene), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, →ISBN, page 178
• Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (in it, sl-rozaj), Padua: CLEUP