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TranslingualEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌗 (x, “ex”), from the Ancient Greek letter Χ (Kh, “chi”), created ex nihilo.
LetterEdit
X (lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter X): Ẍẍ Ẋẋ ᶍ Ｘｘ
NumeralEdit
| X | Previous: | IX |
|---|---|---|
| Next: | XI |
X
- Roman numeral ten (10)
- (especially in the names of aristocracy) the tenth.
Alternative formsEdit
SymbolEdit
X
- (bowling) strike
- Coordinate term: / (spare)
- (sports) fail
- One of the tristimulus values which, with Y and Z, defines coordinates in a three-dimensional color space. Pronounced (in English) big X or cap X.
- 2003, Charles A. Poynton, Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces, →ISBN, page 217:
- X, Y and Z are pronounced big-X, big-Y, and big-Z, or cap-X, cap-Y, and cap-Z, to distinguish them from little x and little y, to be described in a moment.
- A placeholder for any letter or word.
- (linguistics) A wildcard for any sound (consonant, vowel or tone).
- (international standards) Substituted for the third letter of a currency code to denote the minor unit of that currency.
Etymology 2Edit
Possibly from skull and crossbones.
SymbolEdit
X
- A hazard indicator, sometimes incorporated into standard labelling and signage systems
Derived termsEdit
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of X, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase X in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of X:
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ɛks/
- (phonetic realization) IPA(key): [ks], [ɡz], (word-initially) [z]
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛks
- Homophone: Exe
Etymology 1Edit
Introduced by René Descartes in the context of mathematical notation, but has since widened to other contexts.
NumeralEdit
X
- An unknown quantity or unknown value.
- Let x represent the forecast traffic flow in 20 years’ time.
- the X factor
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Proper nounEdit
X
- A placeholder for an unknown, suppressed or hypothetical name.
- The woman known until now as Witness X has been unmasked after a court ruling.
- Suppose that Mr and Mrs X have been married for many years.
- (anthroponymy, politics) A surname, used by those who have had their identity or heritage, including their proper ancestral names, erased or forgotten.
- Malcolm X
Etymology 2Edit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x, plural Xs or X's)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, called ex and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NounEdit
X
- Any mark that looks like that letter, such as a mark made by a person who cannot read or write in lieu of a signature.
- (lacrosse) The spot behind the goal.
Derived termsEdit
- (signature mark) xoxo
TranslationsEdit
AdjectiveEdit
X (not comparable)
- Intersex or non-binary (in passports and identification documents).
Etymology 3Edit
Presumably by abbreviation of the pronunciation of ecstasy.
NounEdit
X (uncountable)
- (slang) Ecstasy, a particular street drug.
- 2008, Stephen King, Graduation Weekend:
- Tonight the kids will go out and party down in a more righteous mode. Alcohol and not a few tabs of X will be ingested. Club music will throb through big speakers.
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 4Edit
AdjectiveEdit
X (not comparable)
- (Britain film certificate, dated) Suitable only for those aged 16 or (later) 18 years and over.
- (movie rating) Obscene.
- 1976, Movie Maker (volume 10, issues 1-6, page 364)
- If you go to an X movie you do so knowingly, as does everyone else in the audience. Or if the same thing comes up on TV you can switch over, or, if you wish, enjoy it in relative privacy.
- 1976, Movie Maker (volume 10, issues 1-6, page 364)
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 5Edit
From Christ by abbreviation, orthographic borrowing from Ancient Greek Χ (Kh, letter chi), from Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”).
Proper nounEdit
X
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 6Edit
From cross, due to the X symbol being a cross saltire.
NounEdit
X (plural Xes)
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 7Edit
AdjectiveEdit
X (comparative more X, superlative most X)
- (informal) Abbreviation of extreme.
Derived termsEdit
AfarEdit
LetterEdit
X
- The eighth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NounEdit
AlbanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case X, lower case x)
- The thirty-second letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
- (Arvanitic) (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
AzerbaijaniEdit
LetterEdit
X upper case (lower case x)
- The twelfth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ixa and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Central FranconianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- /ks/
LetterEdit
X
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notesEdit
- In the German-based spelling, x is the default spelling for /ks/, but not the most frequent spelling. Following the German cognate or otherwise when there is an intervening morpheme boundary, the spellings chs, cks, ks (possibly also ggs) may be used instead.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, /ks/ is usually represented by ks. The letter x occurs only rarely in loanwords.
- X is never doubled and preceding vowels are short unless they are themselves doubled (as in English).
ChineseEdit
Pronunciation 1Edit
LetterEdit
X
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2Edit
LetterEdit
X
- The second letter used in Pinyin.
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (capital, lowercase x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
EsperantoEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- (replacement) The letter that represents a diacritic in the x-system, written after the letter in its non-diacriticed form; it is called ikso.
FinnishEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äks or eks and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords, it is replaced with ks.
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
X m or f (plural X)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the French alphabet, called ixe and written in the Latin script.
- X-frame stool
- 1862, Victor Hugo, Les Misérables, I.3.i:
- La duchesse de Duras lisait à trois ou quatre amis, dans son boudoir meublé d’X en satin bleu ciel [...].
- The Duchess de Duras was reading to two or three friends, in a boudoir furnished with X-frame stools in sky-blue satin.
- 1862, Victor Hugo, Les Misérables, I.3.i:
AdjectiveEdit
X (invariable)
Derived termsEdit
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- A letter of the extended Hungarian alphabet, called iksz and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | X | X-ek |
| accusative | X-et | X-eket |
| dative | X-nek | X-eknek |
| instrumental | X-szel | X-ekkel |
| causal-final | X-ért | X-ekért |
| translative | X-szé | X-ekké |
| terminative | X-ig | X-ekig |
| essive-formal | X-ként | X-ekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | X-ben | X-ekben |
| superessive | X-en | X-eken |
| adessive | X-nél | X-eknél |
| illative | X-be | X-ekbe |
| sublative | X-re | X-ekre |
| allative | X-hez | X-ekhez |
| elative | X-ből | X-ekből |
| delative | X-ről | X-ekről |
| ablative | X-től | X-ektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
X-é | X-eké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
X-éi | X-ekéi |
| Possessive forms of X | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | X-em | X-eim |
| 2nd person sing. | X-ed | X-eid |
| 3rd person sing. | X-e | X-ei |
| 1st person plural | X-ünk | X-eink |
| 2nd person plural | X-etek | X-eitek |
| 3rd person plural | X-ük | X-eik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case x)
- the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, called ics in Italian
Usage notesEdit
- The letter X is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords, Latinisms, and Grecisms.
See alsoEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
SymbolEdit
X
- false.
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χ (Kh, “chi”), which represented /ks/ in the dialects of most of the Greek mainland and Euboea.
PronunciationEdit
The sound of X was like that of the Greek Ξ (X, “xi”), that is /ks/, although etymologically it represented not only cs (as in lūx, from luc-s, and dīxī, from dic-si), but also gs (as in lēx, from leg-s; rēxī, from reg-si); hs (as in trāxī, from trah-si; vexī, from veh-si); and chs (as in the word onyx, from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). The hardening of a softer final (g, h, ch) before s into the с sound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending in v and u: nix for niv-s, vīxī for viv-si, connixī for conniv-si, fluxī for fluv-si, from fluō (root fluv-; compare fluvius), struxī for stru-si.
Less frequently x has arisen from the combinations ps and ts: proximus for prop-simus (from prope), nīxus for nit-sus (from nītor), the latter being used along with the collateral form nīsus, as also connīvī with connixī, and mistus (from misceō) with mixtus.
An exchange of the sounds ss or s and x, took place in axis for assis and laxus for lassus. In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound in x disappeared, and s or ss was often written for it; as vis for vix, visit for vīxit, unsit for unxit, conflississet for conflixisset, in late inscriptions; hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Latin x is represented by s or ss.
By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds of x is often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest) by an additional с or s; as SACXO or SAXSO for saxō; VCXOR or VXSOR for uxor; CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS for conjunx; even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT for vīxit.
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-third letter of the Latin alphabet, written in the Latin script.
NumeralEdit
X
See alsoEdit
- Roman numeral letters: I, V, L, C, D, M.
- Unicode glyphs of Roman numerals: Ⅹ, ⅹ.
- Appendixes: Roman numerals, Latin cardinal numerals
ReferencesEdit
- “X” in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short [1907], A New Latin Dictionary.
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Malay alphabet, called eks and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
(letter name)
(phonetic realization) IPA(key): [s], [z], [ʃ], [ks]
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called xis and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- (International Standard) The eleventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twelfth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
ReferencesEdit
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “X, x”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ics and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SaanichEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X
- The thirty-fifth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SomaliEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X upper case (lower case x)
- The fifth letter of the Somali alphabet, called xa and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- The fifth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by J and followed by KH.
See alsoEdit
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Derived termsEdit
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔit̚˧˦ si˨˩], [ʔit̚˧˦ si˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔit̚˦˧˥ ʂɪj˦˩], [ʔit̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩], [səː˦˩], [səː˦˩ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɨt̚˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩], [ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨] ~ [ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨]
- Phonetic: ít sì, ít xì, xờ, xờ nhẹ
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called ích, ích xì, xờ, or xờ nhẹ and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
X (upper case, lower case x)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.