Wiktionary

v

See also: V, Appendix:Variations of "v", and ∨

v U+0076, v
LATIN SMALL LETTER V
← u
[U+0075] 		Basic Latin w →
[U+0077]
Character variations

ᵛ U+1D5B, ᵛ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V
← ᵚ
[U+1D5A] 		Phonetic Extensions ᵜ →
[U+1D5C]

ⅴ U+2174, ⅴ
SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE
← ⅳ
[U+2173] 		Number Forms ⅵ →
[U+2175]
ｖ U+FF56, ｖ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER V
← ｕ
[U+FF55] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｗ →
[U+FF57]
Languages (45)
Translingual • English
Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Czech • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Faroese • Finnish • French • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Irish • Italian • Japanese • Kankanaey • Khoekhoe • Latin • Latvian • Livonian • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Mapudungun • Middle French • North Frisian • Norwegian • Nupe • Old Czech • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Serbo-Croatian • Skolt Sami • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Tagalog • Turkish • Vietnamese • Yele • Zulu
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology 1

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Greek letter Υ, from which Latin V derived

Minuscule variation of Latin V, from seventh century Old Latin adoption of Old Italic letter 𐌖 (V), from Ancient Greek letter Υ (Y, “Upsilon”).

Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
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Etymology 2

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Lower case form of upper case roman numeral V, from abbreviation of IIIIΛ or IIIIV (representing 5), from tally stick markings resembling \\\\⋁ or ////⋀, from the practice of designating each fifth notch with a double cut, like the corresponding Western tally mark, 𝍸.

Alternative forms

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Numeral

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v (lower case Roman numeral, upper case V)

  1. cardinal number five (5).

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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  • Pronunciation of IPA [ɑvvɑʔ] with the sound [v]:(file)

Symbol

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v

  1. (physics) velocity
  2. (IPA) a voiced labiodental fricative.
  3. (superscript ⟨ᵛ⟩, IPA) [v]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [bᵛ], sometimes implying an affricate [b͜v]); [v]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [v].
  4. (UPA) a voiced labiodental approximant (IPA [ʋ], which it resembles in italic typeface).
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  • Letter styles
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase versions of V, in normal and italic type
  •  
    Uppercase and lowercase V in Fraktur

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Other representations of V:

English

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English lower case letter v (also written u), from Old English lower case u and respelling of Old English f between vowels and voiced consonants.

  •   Old English lower case f from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case f of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚠ (f, “feoh”), derived from Etruscan letter 𐌅 (v).
  •   Old English lower case u from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case v of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, “ur”), derived from Raetic letter u.

Before the 1700s, the pointed form v was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form u was used elsewhere, regardless of sound. So whereas valor and excuse appeared as in modern printing, have and upon were printed haue and vpon. Eventually, in the 1700s, to differentiate between the consonant and vowel sounds, the v form was used to represent the consonant, and u the vowel sound. v then preceded u in the alphabet, but the order has since reversed.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V, plural vs or v's)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.
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Noun

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v (plural vs or v's)

  1. a shape resembling the letter v
    The impact was so strong, it bent the bar into a v.

Etymology 2

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Abbreviation of versus.

Preposition

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v

  1. (UK, Ireland and Commonwealth except Canada) Abbreviation of versus.
    Synonyms: v., vs.
    England v Scotland
    • 2023 March 3, Eleanor Flegg, “The comfort v style dilemma: Thought you couldn’t combine the two? Think again — our experts explain exactly how”, in Irish Independent, volume 132, number 53, Dublin, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Property” section, page 4
Usage notes
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  • In legal contexts, usage is typically restricted to case citations, and the pronunciation may be as versus, vee, against, or and, depending on the region and nature of the case.

Etymology 3

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Abbreviation of very.

Adverb

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v

  1. (informal, text messaging) Abbreviation of very.
    You were acting v rude to his boyfriend on New Year's.
    • 2006, Cathy Wield, Life After Darkness: A Doctor's Journey Through Severe Depression‎[1], Seattle, WA: Radcliffe Publishing, →ISBN, page 109:
      I'm v tired. I slept v badly, awake from 3–6 a.m., so I've slept all afternoon.
    • 2007, Dyan Sheldon, Deep and Meaningful Diaries from Planet Janet, Somerville, MA: Candlewick Press, →ISBN, page 253:
      I said it wasn't a crush, I just thought he was v attractive.
    • 2019 July 23, Matt Galea, “Punters Reckon Ashley Benson's New Tatt Is A Tribute To Girlfriend Cara Delevingne”, in Pedestrian‎[2], archived from the original on July 23, 2019:
      Since becoming social media official, Cara Delevingne and Ashley Benson have been sashaying around town together and being v cute
    • 2024 October 8, Lauren Gruber, Megan Uy, “We Found Sooo Many Viral TikTok Items on Sale for October Prime Day”, in Cosmopolitan‎[3]:
      Sometimes a trip to the spa is not in the cards, even if your gel manicure has seen waaaay better days. These polish remover tools help cut costs and keep your natural nails looking v nice.

Etymology 4

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Abbreviations.

v

  1. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of of.
  2. (Stenoscript) Abbreviation of very.
  3. (Stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable -tive or -ive
  5. (automotive, dated) Abbreviation of venturi.
    Alternative form: V
    Synonym: bbl
    4v;   2v
    289-4v;   289-2v

See also

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Azerbaijani

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v lower case (upper case V)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Basque alphabet, called uve and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

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  • Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Catalan alphabet, called ve or ve baixa and written in the Latin script.

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Czech

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech v, ve, from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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v

  1. in (inside, for an enclosed space) [with locative]
    On je v divadle. ― He is in the theater.
  2. at (indicating time) [with accusative]
    v šest hodin ― at six o'clock
  3. on (indicating a day) [with accusative]
    v pátek ― on Friday
  4. in (indicating a year) [with locative]
    v roce 2007 ― in the year 2007
  5. in (indicating a month) [with locative]
    v lednu ― in January
  6. in (used after certain verbs) [with accusative]
    věřit v Boha ― to believe in God

Usage notes

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  • The more usual form is v, while ve is used before words starting with f, v, w and certain consonant clusters.

Further reading

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  • “v”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “v”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. the twenty-second letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

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  • Previous letter: u
  • Next letter: w

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /v/; before a voiceless consonant, IPA(key): /f/
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called vo and written in the Latin script.

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Estonian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.

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Faroese

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Faroese alphabet, called ve and written in the Latin script.

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Finnish

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Etymology

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The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and v for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Finnish alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

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compounds

See also

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Noun

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v

  1. Abbreviation of vuosi.
  2. Abbreviation of -vuotias.

French

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. the twenty-second letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet
    • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎fr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter I:
      Lui cherchant alors un nom qui ne s’écartât pas trop du sien, qui sentît et représentât la grande dame et la princesse, il vint à l’appeler Dulcinée du Toboso, parce qu’elle était native de ce village : nom harmonieux à son avis, rare et distingué, et non moins expressif que tous ceux qu’il avait donnés à son équipage et à lui-même.
      Through searching himself thus for a name that did not diverge too much from his own, that would suit and represent the great lady and princess, he came to call her Dulcinea del Toboso, because she was a native of this village [Toboso]: a name in his opinion harmonious, rare and distinguished, and no less expressive than all the ones that he had given to his team and to himself.

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈv]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈveː]

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called vé and written in the Latin script.

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative v v-k
accusative v-t v-ket
dative v-nek v-knek
instrumental v-vel v-kkel
causal-final v-ért v-kért
translative v-vé v-kké
terminative v-ig v-kig
essive-formal v-ként v-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive v-ben v-kben
superessive v-n v-ken
adessive v-nél v-knél
illative v-be v-kbe
sublative v-re v-kre
allative v-hez v-khez
elative v-ből v-kből
delative v-ről v-kről
ablative v-től v-ktől
non-attributive
possessive – singular 		v-é v-ké
non-attributive
possessive – plural 		v-éi v-kéi
Possessive forms of v
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. v-m v-im
2nd person sing. v-d v-id
3rd person sing. v-je v-i
1st person plural v-nk v-ink
2nd person plural v-tek v-itek
3rd person plural v-jük v-ik

See also

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Further reading

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  • v in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name) IPA(key): /vafː/

Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Ido

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Pronunciation

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  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /v/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ve/

Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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Irish

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script, used almost exclusively in words of recent foreign origin, though occasionally used by advocates of spelling reform movements in native words as well.

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Italian

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Letter

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v f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Italian alphabet, called vu or vi and written in the Latin script.

Japanese

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Punctuation mark

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v

  1. (text messaging, Internet slang, dated) <3

Synonyms

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References

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Kankanaey

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Tagalog v. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English v.

Pronunciation

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  • (letter name) IPA(key): /vi/ [vi̞]
    • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /bi/ [bi̞]
    • Rhymes: -i
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /v/ [v]
    • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /b/ [b]

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called vi and written in the Latin script.

See also

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References

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  • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[4] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Khoekhoe

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. (obsolete, Tindall orthography) A letter of the Khoekhoe alphabet; modern ǂ.

Latin

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Alternative forms

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  • u (post-Classical)

Pronunciation

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  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /u/, /uː/

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. (sometimes with littera) The 20th letter of the Latin alphabet.

See also

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  • Previous letter: t
  • Next letter: x

References

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  • "v", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “v”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

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Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology

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Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Letter

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V

v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Latvian alphabet, called vē and written in the Latin script.

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Livonian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The thirty-seventh letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

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Malay

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Maltese

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /v/
  • IPA(key): /f/ (by final devoicing or assimilation to a following voiceless obstruent)
  • With very few exceptions, this letter occurs only in borrowings.

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Mandarin

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Letter

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v

  1. Nonstandard form of ü.

Usage notes

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⟨v⟩ is sometimes used as a substitute for ⟨ü⟩ in Hanyu Pinyin-based input systems. As a result, it occasionally appears in print as well, though this is nonstandard.

Mapudungun

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Mapudungun alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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There are multiple alphabets for writing Mapudungun. The letters that are not in brackets are from the unified alphabet, while the ones in brackets are from the four other alphabets.

Middle French

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Etymology

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Latin u, v.

Letter

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v

  1. u (letter)
  2. v (letter)

Usage notes

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  • u and v were represented by a single character in Middle French, although scholars consider them to be separate letters both in terms of usage and in terms of pronunciation.

North Frisian

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Pronunciation

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  • Like w, which see.

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. (chiefly Sylt) A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology

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  • Sylt Frisian regularly replaces ⟨w⟩ with ⟨v⟩ word-finally after a long or unstressed vowel.
  • Otherwise ⟨v⟩ may be retained in Latinate words, but the usual practice in all dialects (including Sylt) is to use ⟨w⟩ like in native words (e.g. witamiin for less common vitamiin).

See also

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Norwegian

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Pronunciation

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  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ʋeː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʋ/, /v/, /f/
  • Audio:(file)

Letter

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v

  1. The 22nd letter of the Norwegian alphabet.

Nupe

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Old Czech

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Alternative forms

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  • u (often before labial consonants)

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n) , from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥.

Preposition

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v

  1. in (inside, for an enclosed space) (followed by the locative case)
  2. in (used after certain verbs) (followed by the accusative case)
    vyjěti v boj ― go into battle

Descendants

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  • Czech: v

Further reading

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Portuguese

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called vê and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Romani

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. (International Standard) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ve or vî and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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  • V (uppercase)

Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (Cyrillic spelling в)

  1. The 28th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by u and followed by z.
  2. Obsolete form of u.

Preposition

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v (Cyrillic spelling в)

  1. (Kajkavian) in, at [with locative]
  2. (Kajkavian) to, into [with accusative]
  3. (Kajkavian) on, in, at, during (in expressions concerning time) [with accusative]
  4. (Kajkavian) in, during (in expressions concerning time) [with locative]

Synonyms

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Skolt Sami

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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Slovak

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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v

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

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  • “v”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

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Etymology 1

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Letter

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1=r
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v

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Slovene alphabet, called ve and written in the Latin script.
  2. The thirty-first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
  3. The twenty-fourth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.
Alternative forms
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  • (uppercase) V
See also
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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v

  1. (answering question where) (with locative) in, inside, at
  2. (answering question where to) (with accusative) to, into
  3. (indicating a day) (with accusative) on, in, at, during (in expressions concerning time)
  4. (indicating a month or period of time) (with locative) in, during
    V tem aprilu je veliko deževalo. ― This April it was raining a lot.
    V petih letih ni padla niti kapljica dežja. ― Within five years not even a droplet of rain has fallen.

Further reading

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  • “v”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (phoneme) /b/
  • IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈbe/ [ˈbe] (traditional, spelled ve), /ˈube/ [ˈu.β̞e] (common in most countries, spelled uve)
  • (common in some countries)

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. the twenty-third (23rd) letter of the Spanish alphabet

Usage notes

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  • The common letter names, as well as phrases like ve de vaca are used to distinguish the letter v from the letter b. This is done because the two letters represent a single phoneme in modern Spanish, causing their traditional names be and ve both to be pronounced as /ˈbe/.

See also

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish v. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English v.
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish v.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /ˈvi/ [ˈvɪ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
      • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈbi/ [ˈbɪ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
      • Rhymes: -i
    • IPA(key): /ˈbe/ [ˈbɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
      • Rhymes: -e
    • IPA(key): /v/ [v] (phoneme)
      • IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /b/ [b] (phoneme)

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called vi and written in the Latin script.
  2. (historical) The twenty-fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ve and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

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  • This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
  • Some purists of Tagalog replace v in words with b.

See also

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Further reading

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  • “v”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Turkish

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ve and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation 1

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Pronunciation 2

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from French v.

Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called vờ or vê and written in the Latin script.

See also

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Etymology 2

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Adverb

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v

  1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of vậy.

Particle

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v

  1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of vậy.

Yele

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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v (upper case V)

  1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

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There is a digraph for palatalized ⟨vy⟩.

See also

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Zulu

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Letter

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v (lower case, upper case V)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

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