ch
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
ch
- Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ch (countable and uncountable, plural chs)
- Abbreviation of chain, a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
- Abbreviation of chapter, main section of a book
- 2007, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, page 143:
- Ch 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between chs 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).
- Abbreviation of chestnut, a dark reddish-brown colored horse
- 2014, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Andris Kaneps, and Raymond Geor, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, page 675:
- NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)
Secretariat (ch.s. 1970)
- Abbreviation of channel, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television
- 5.1 ch surround sound
Etymology 2Edit
Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
ch
AnagramsEdit
BilenEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (uppercase Ch)
CzechEdit
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- a digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i
Usage notesEdit
In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).
EsperantoEdit
LetterEdit
ch
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).
AdjectiveEdit
ch (invariable)
Etymology 2Edit
Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).
NounEdit
ch m (plural ch)
- hp (horsepower)
HadzaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A letter of the practical Hadza alphabet.
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
- (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.
Usage notesEdit
It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/anarchikus/anarchista/anarchizmus, archaikus/archaizál/archaizmus, archeológia/archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/archivális/archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/hierarchikus, hipochonder/hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/mazochizmus, mechanika/mechanikus/mechanisztikus/mechanizál/mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/monarchikus/monarchista, oligarcha/oligarchia/oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/patriarchális/patriarchátus, pech/peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/pszichiáter/pszichiátria/pszichikai/pszichikum/pszicho-/pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/technikum/technikus/technokrácia/technokrata/technológia/technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.
Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]
Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.
Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ch | ch-k |
accusative | ch-t | ch-kat |
dative | ch-nak | ch-knak |
instrumental | ch-val | ch-kkal |
causal-final | ch-ért | ch-kért |
translative | ch-vá | ch-kká |
terminative | ch-ig | ch-kig |
essive-formal | ch-ként | ch-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ch-ban | ch-kban |
superessive | ch-n | ch-kon |
adessive | ch-nál | ch-knál |
illative | ch-ba | ch-kba |
sublative | ch-ra | ch-kra |
allative | ch-hoz | ch-khoz |
elative | ch-ból | ch-kból |
delative | ch-ról | ch-król |
ablative | ch-tól | ch-któl |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ch-é | ch-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ch-éi | ch-kéi |
Possessive forms of ch | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ch-m | ch-im |
2nd person sing. | ch-d | ch-id |
3rd person sing. | ch-ja | ch-i |
1st person plural | ch-nk | ch-ink |
2nd person plural | ch-tok | ch-itok |
3rd person plural | ch-juk | ch-ik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
- ^ Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros
LatvianEdit
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)
Usage notesEdit
This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.
Lower SorbianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- The twelfth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called cha and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
Alphabetized between H and I.
See alsoEdit
MamEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (uppercase Ch)
SlovakEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (upper case Ch)
- The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž
Further readingEdit
- ch in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
SpanishEdit
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
Usage notesEdit
Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.
Further readingEdit
- “ch”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
TagalogEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Hyphenation: ch
- (letter name, chiefly upper class): IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe/, [ˈt͡ʃɛ]
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈtse/, [ˈt͡sɛ]
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈsɛ]
- (phoneme, chiefly upper class): IPA(key): /t͡ʃ/, [t͡ʃ]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ˈts/, [ˈts]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, [s]
- Rhymes: -e
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)
- (historical) The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called che and written in the Latin script.
UzbekEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (upper case Ch)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.
Usage notesEdit
Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.
MutationEdit
- ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
XhosaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A digraph in Xhosa orthography.