ch
Translingual edit
Letter edit
ch (mixed case Ch, upper case CH)
Symbol edit
ch
- Alternative form of cosh (“hyperbolic cosine”)
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Chamorro.
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
ch (countable and uncountable, plural chs)
- Abbreviation of chain, a unit of measurement equal to 22 yards
- Abbreviation of chapter, main section of a book
- 2007, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, page 143:
- Ch 2 secondarily interrupts the flow between chs 1 and 3 (see 2.1–16n.).
- Abbreviation of chestnut, a dark reddish-brown colored horse
- 2014, Kenneth Hinchcliff, Andris Kaneps, Raymond Geor, Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, page 675:
- NAME OF HORSE (COLOR, SEX, YEAR BORN)
Secretariat (ch.s. 1970)
- Abbreviation of channel, in reference to telephones, audio, radio, and television
- 5.1 ch surround sound
Etymology 2 edit
Aphetic form of ich, utch, ultimately from Old English iċ (“I”). Compare Dutch 'k, an aphetic variant of ik (“I”). More at ich, I.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ch
Anagrams edit
Blin edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (uppercase Ch)
Chipewyan edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Czech edit
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- a digraph, the fourteenth letter of the Czech alphabet, after h and before i
Usage notes edit
In names or at the beginning of a sentence the mixed case Ch is used (e. g. Chrudim).
Esperanto edit
Letter edit
ch
See also edit
French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Abbreviation of chaque (“each”).
Adjective edit
ch (invariable)
Etymology 2 edit
Abbreviation of cheval-vapeur (“horsepower”).
Noun edit
Added
ch m (plural ch)
- hp (horsepower)
Usage notes edit
The abbreviation ch is used for all types of (metric) horsepower except tax horsepower, which uses the initialisms cv or CV.
Hadza edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A letter of the practical Hadza alphabet.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (on its own) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːɦaː]
- (within words) IPA(key): /xː/, /t͡ʃ/, /ç/, /çː/, /h/, /k/, /ʃ/ (depending on the word)
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- A digraph used in several Hungarian words, as well as in some surnames, given names, and geographical names.
Usage notes edit
It is used (among others) in the following words, along with their derivations and compounds: Achilles-ín, allochton, acháj, achát, akrosztichon, almanach, anarchia/anarchikus/anarchista/anarchizmus, archaikus/archaizál/archaizmus, archeológia/archeológus, archimandrita, architektúra, archivál/archivális/archívum, autochton, bacchanália, bacchánsnő, baldachin, barchesz, barkochba/barkochbázik, bronchitisz, cech, chanti, charleston, charta, charter, chartizmus, chata, chianti, chorijambus, chripka, couchette, disztichon, durchmars, echó, echt, eucharisztia/eucharisztikus, eunuch, exarcha, fach, franchise, gaucho, gouache, guttapercha, hierarchia/hierarchikus, hipochonder/hipochondria, ichtioszaurusz, jacht, kapitälchen, krach, lichthóf, macher, machiavellizmus, machináció/machinál, malachit, mannlicher, matriarchátus, mazochista/mazochizmus, mechanika/mechanikus/mechanisztikus/mechanizál/mechanizmus, mettlachi, moloch, monarchia/monarchikus/monarchista, oligarcha/oligarchia/oligarchikus, orchidea, patriarcha/patriarchális/patriarchátus, pech/peches, poncho, poncichter, psziché/pszichiáter/pszichiátria/pszichikai/pszichikum/pszicho-/pszichózis, richtig, rizskoch, sarlach, stich, strichel, szacharin, szinekdoché, sztrichnin, technika/technikum/technikus/technokrácia/technokrata/technológia/technológus, trachoma, trocheus, vlach, winchester.
Officially recognized given names: Achilles, Achillesz, Áchim, Archibald, Joachim, Melchior, Orchidea, Psziché, Ráchel, Richárd.[1]
Surnames (a selection from notable people[2]): Aulich, Damjanich, Forgách, Keglevich, Knézich, Kovách, Laczkovich, Madách, Maderspach, Orlay Petrich, Széchenyi, Széchényi, Zách, Zichy.
Geographical names (along with their derivations, e.g. chilei): Charlestown, Chatham-szigetek, Chile, Chișinău, Déli-Georgia és Déli-Sandwich-szigetek, Liechtenstein, Nouakchott, Seychelle-szigetek as well as two settlements in Hungary, Chernelházadamonya and Zichyújfalu, a hill in Budapest, Széchenyi-hegy (named after István Széchenyi) and a neighborhood in Budapest, Széchenyihegy (named after the hill).
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ch | ch-k |
accusative | ch-t | ch-kat |
dative | ch-nak | ch-knak |
instrumental | ch-val | ch-kkal |
causal-final | ch-ért | ch-kért |
translative | ch-vá | ch-kká |
terminative | ch-ig | ch-kig |
essive-formal | ch-ként | ch-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | ch-ban | ch-kban |
superessive | ch-n | ch-kon |
adessive | ch-nál | ch-knál |
illative | ch-ba | ch-kba |
sublative | ch-ra | ch-kra |
allative | ch-hoz | ch-khoz |
elative | ch-ból | ch-kból |
delative | ch-ról | ch-król |
ablative | ch-tól | ch-któl |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
ch-é | ch-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
ch-éi | ch-kéi |
Possessive forms of ch | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | ch-m | ch-im |
2nd person sing. | ch-d | ch-id |
3rd person sing. | ch-ja | ch-i |
1st person plural | ch-nk | ch-ink |
2nd person plural | ch-tok | ch-itok |
3rd person plural | ch-juk | ch-ik |
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
References edit
- ^ A Nyelvtudományi Intézet által anyakönyvi bejegyzésre alkalmasnak minősített utónevek jegyzéke (’List of first names qualified by the Research Institute for Linguistics as appropriate for registration on a birth certificate’). Regularly updated. For searchable unformatted lists, see férfinevek for masculine names and női nevek for feminine names.
- ^ Személyekről elnevezett budapesti utcanevek évfordulók tükrében (’Street names in Budapest named after persons, as reflected in anniversaries’) by György Mészáros
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A digraph in Irish orthography
Latvian edit
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- (obsolete) a letter used in older, pre-World-War-II Latvian spelling, but now replaced everywhere by h (upper case H)
Usage notes edit
This letter can still be found in older books, or in books written by the Latvian diaspora prior to the fall of the Soviet Union. It used to represent the sound of IPA symbol /x/, as distinct from /h/; but since these sounds have merged as /x/ in current Latvian pronunciation, <h> (= /x/) is now used in all cases.
Lower Sorbian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
- The twelfth letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called cha and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
Alphabetized between H and I.
See also edit
Mam edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (uppercase Ch)
Osage edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch
Slovak edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- The sixteenth letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž
Further reading edit
- “ch”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Spanish edit
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, mixed case Ch)
Usage notes edit
- Since 1994, this letter has been treated as c followed by h for collation (sorting) purposes only. In 2010, this letter was officially removed by the RAE from the Spanish alphabet.
Further reading edit
- “ch”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case CH, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ) (historical)
- The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called che and written in the Latin script.
Uzbek edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (lower case, upper case Ch)
- The fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èch and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by C and followed by D.
Usage notes edit
Like the other Welsh digraphs, ch is considered a distinct letter of the Welsh alphabet for all purposes, including collation. Thus, chwech is alphabetically sorted after cyllell.
Mutation edit
- ch cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Xhosa edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
ch (upper case Ch)
- A digraph in Xhosa orthography.