Wiktionary

G

See also: Appendix:Variations of "g" and Ⴚ

G U+0047, G
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
← F
[U+0046] 		Basic Latin H →
[U+0048]
Ｇ U+FF27, Ｇ
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
← Ｆ
[U+FF26] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｈ →
[U+FF28]

TranslingualEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

EtymologyEdit

From a modification of the Latin letter C (“ce”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂‎ (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙.

LetterEdit

G (lower case g)

  1. The seventh letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See alsoEdit

SymbolEdit

G

  1. (metrology) giga-.
  2. gauss.
  3. (biochemistry) glycine, a natural amino acid.
  4. (biochemistry) Any of the nucleotides guanodine, nucleoside guanosine, or nucleobase guanine, which are components of DNA.
  5. (physics) The gravitational constant in the formula F = Gm1m2/r2; sometimes called "big G" to distinguish from g for the acceleration of gravity.
  6. (linguistics) A wildcard for a glide or semivowel
  7. (clothing) Bra cup size.

GalleryEdit

  • Letter styles
  •  

    Uppercase and lowercase versions of G, in normal and italic type

  •  

    Uppercase and lowercase G in Fraktur

See alsoEdit

Other representations of G:

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /dʒiː/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Rhymes: -iː

LetterEdit

G (upper case, lower case g, plural Gs or G's)

  1. The seventh letter of the English alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.
    • 1945 August 17, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 3, in Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:
      On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D.
See alsoEdit

NumberEdit

G (upper case, lower case g)

  1. The ordinal number seventh, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

G (countable and uncountable, plural Gs)

  1. (sports, baseball) Games (the statistic reporting the number of games that a player has participated in).
  2. (US, politics) Green.
  3. (US, of a movie) General (suitable for a general audience).
  4. (sports) Goals (a sports statistic).
  5. Ground floor (of a building).
  6. A galaxy.
  7. gravity
  8. (chiefly US) Grand (thousand dollars).
    • 1994, Juicy‎[1] (Hip Hop), spoken by The Notorious B.I.G., 2:40 from the start:
      Super Nintendo, Sega Genesis
      When I was dead broke, man, I couldn't picture this
      50-inch screen, money-green leather sofa
      Got two rides, a limousine with a chauffeur
      Phone bill about two G's flat
      No need to worry, my accountant handles that
      And my whole crew is loungin'
      Celebratin' every day, no more public housin'
    • 2005, Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, and Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), “Stay Fly”, in Most Known Unknown‎[2], Sony BMG, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG):
      Just really want to smoke my weed, fuck these hoes, and stack my Gs.
    • 2010, Gloria Campisi, "Psychologist sues city for 100G, alleging beating by cop earlier this year", Philadelphia Inquirer, 9 September 2010:
      Psychologist sues city for 100G, alleging beating by cop earlier this year
  9. (grammar) Abbreviation of genitive case.
  10. (UK, education) The academic grade that comes next below F.
  12. (slang) A gangster; often used to address one's friend.
    • 1995 August 1, “Gangsta's Paradise”, in Gangsta's Paradise, performed by Coolio, Kylian Mash:
      I'm the kinda G the little homies wanna be like / On my knees in the night, sayin' prayers in the streetlight
  13. (economics) Abbreviation for Government Spending.
  14. Alternative letter-case form of g (unit of gravitational acceleration).
  15. (drug slang) Short for gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
  16. (obsolete, chemistry) glucinum.
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

AfarEdit

LetterEdit

G

  1. The fourteenth letter in the Afar alphabet.

See alsoEdit

AfrikaansEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /χɪə/

LetterEdit

G (upper case, lower case g)

  1. The seventh letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

NounEdit

G (plural G's, diminutive G'tjie)

  1. G

AngamiEdit

LetterEdit

G

  1. The fifteenth letter of the Angami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

LetterEdit

G upper case (lower case g)

  1. The ninth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

BasqueEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

G (upper case, lower case g)

  1. The seventh letter of the Basque alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Central FranconianEdit

EtymologyEdit

  • /ɡ/ is from West Germanic stem-initial *g in most of Moselle Franconian; from *gg in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian; in much of Ripuarian from *d, *þ after long high vowels.
  • For the origin of /j/, see J. /ɣ/ replaces the former after back vowels.

PronunciationEdit

  • /ɡ/, /ɣ/, /j/, (coda respectively) [k], [x], [ɕ]

LetterEdit

G

  1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
  2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notesEdit

Systems for the use of G
  • In the spelling of the Colognian Academy (Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch), any West Germanic or otherwise underyling *g is spelt g regardless of the pronunciation, except that ck is used for [k] in the syllable coda.
  • In the popular German-based spelling, the sounds [ɣ] and [ɡ] are spelt g. The other sounds are represented by j [j] and ch [ɕ], [x] (except sometimes in unstressed ig for [iɕ]). In the coda, ck or rarely gg may be used for [k].
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, [j] is j, [ɡ] is gk, coda [k] is k. The other sounds are spelt g.
Doubling of G
  • In the German-based spelling, g [ɡ] is always doubled after short vowels. However, g for any other sound is never doubled according the Colognian Academy. In the popular system, g for [ɣ] may be doubled after short vowels or not.
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, g is regularly doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.

ChineseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From English G, gig (“gigabyte”).

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Hong Kong Cantonese) 激 (gik1), GB

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Mandarin (?)”

NounEdit

G

  1. (computing, informal) gigabyte
Related termsEdit
  • M (“megabyte”)

ReferencesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Pronunciation 1Edit

Note:
  • zyu1 - Guangzhou;
  • zi1 - Hong Kong, often realised as /t͡ʃiː⁵⁵/ by younger speakers.
  • Wu
    • Note: Often realised as 1jji.
    LetterEdit

    G

    1. The seventh letter of the Latin alphabet.

    Pronunciation 2Edit

    LetterEdit

    G

    1. The seventh letter used in Pinyin.
    Usage notesEdit
    • 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
    • The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).

    DutchEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (capital, lowercase g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Dutch alphabet.

    See alsoEdit

    EsperantoEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The eighth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called go and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    EstonianEdit

     
    Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia et

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Estonian alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    FinnishEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Finnish alphabet, called gee and written in the Latin script.

    Usage notesEdit

    • Used only in loanwords except for ng [ŋː].

    See alsoEdit

    GermanEdit

     
    German Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia de

    PronunciationEdit

    • (letter name) IPA(key): /ɡeː/
    • (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɡ/, (coda) /k/, /ç/, /x/
      • In Standard German proper, ‹g› in the syllable coda is pronounced [k] except for the unstressed syllable ig, which becomes [ɪç]. In southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, [ɪk] is often heard in the latter case, too. In northern and central Germany, conversely, coda ‹g› is traditionally always pronounced like ‹ch›, thus as fricative [ç], [x~χ]. Many speakers have now adapted to the standard or mix both ways, e.g. restricting the fricative (outside of ig) to some of the commonest words. Those who still use it generally, may nevertheless switch to [k] in enunciation or when reading out.
      • Fricative realisations [j~ʝ~ʒ] and [x~ɣ~ʁ] also occur syllable-initially in various regions, but these are now clearly marked as dialectal.

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the German alphabet.

    See alsoEdit

    HungarianEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The twelfth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called gé and written in the Latin script.

    DeclensionEdit

    Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative G G-k
    accusative G-t G-ket
    dative G-nek G-knek
    instrumental G-vel G-kkel
    causal-final G-ért G-kért
    translative G-vé G-kké
    terminative G-ig G-kig
    essive-formal G-ként G-kként
    essive-modal — —
    inessive G-ben G-kben
    superessive G-n G-ken
    adessive G-nél G-knél
    illative G-be G-kbe
    sublative G-re G-kre
    allative G-hez G-khez
    elative G-ből G-kből
    delative G-ről G-kről
    ablative G-től G-ktől
    non-attributive
    possessive - singular         		G-é G-ké
    non-attributive
    possessive - plural         		G-éi G-kéi
    Possessive forms of G
    possessor single possession multiple possessions
    1st person sing. G-m G-im
    2nd person sing. G-d G-id
    3rd person sing. G-je G-i
    1st person plural G-nk G-ink
    2nd person plural G-tek G-itek
    3rd person plural G-jük G-ik

    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    IdoEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    IndonesianEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    ItalianEdit

     
    Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia it

    PronunciationEdit

    • (letter name) IPA(key): **/ˈd͡ʒi/*
      • Rhymes: -i
    • (phonemic realization) IPA(key): /ɡ/
    • (phonemic realization before e or i) IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/

    LetterEdit

    G f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Italian alphabet, called gi and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    JapaneseEdit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Etymology 1Edit

    From English G.

    NounEdit

    G(ジー) • (jī) 

    1. G, gravity

    Etymology 2Edit

    Initial of ゴキブリ (gokiburi).

    NounEdit

    G(ジー) • (jī) 

    1. (slang, euphemistic) cockroach
      G(ジー)との格闘(かくとう)
      jī to no kakutō
      fight with a cockroach

    LatvianEdit

     
    Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia lv

    EtymologyEdit

    Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

    PronunciationEdit

    (file)

    LetterEdit

     
    G

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The tenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called gā and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    MalayEdit

     
    Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ms

    PronunciationEdit

    • (Name of letter) IPA(key): [d͡ʒi]
    • (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [ɡ]
    • (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [k̚]

    LetterEdit

    G

    1. The seventh letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    Norwegian BokmålEdit

    NounEdit

    G

    1. (pensions) Initialism of grunnbeløp.

    Norwegian NynorskEdit

    NounEdit

    G

    1. (pensions) Initialism of grunnbeløp.

    NupeEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The eighth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    PolishEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The tenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called gie and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    Further readingEdit

    • G in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • G in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    PortugueseEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    RomaniEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. (International Standard) The ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    2. (Pan-Vlax) The tenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    RomanianEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The ninth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ge, ghe, or gî and written in the Latin script.

    Usage notesEdit

    When followed by an i or e, this letter represents the phoneme /dʒ/, as in plângi (/plɨndʒʲ/) and înger (/ɨn.dʒer/). When followed by hi or he (ghi and ghe) and in all other cases, it represents /ɡ/.

    See alsoEdit

    Skolt SamiEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (lower case g)

    1. The twelfth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    SloveneEdit

     
    Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia sl

    EtymologyEdit

    From Gaj's Latin alphabet G, from Czech alphabet G, from Latin G, from a modification of the Latin letter C (“ce”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌂 (c, “ce”), from the Ancient Greek letter Γ (G, “gamma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂‎ (g, “giml”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌙. Pronunciation as /ɡə/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German G.

    PronunciationEdit

    • Phoneme
    Pronunciation of G

    • (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k]
    • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): /ɡ/, [k], SNPT: /g/, [k]


    • (colloquial): IPA(key): /ɡ/, [k], [x], SNPT: /g/, [k], [h]
    • (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA(key): /ɣ/, [x], SNPT: /ɣ/, [h]

    Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

    • Letter name
    Pronunciation of G [gə̀, gé] (ə̏, ẹ̄)
    • (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈɡə̂], [ˈɡêː], [ˈɡěː], SNPT: [gə̏], [gẹ̄]
    • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈɡə], [ˈɡeː], SNPT: [gə̀], [gé],
    Audio:(file)

    • (Most Littoral and Rovte dialects, part of Upper Carniolan dialects) IPA(key): [ˈɣə̂], [ˈɣêː], [ˈɣěː], SNPT: [ɣə̏], [ɣẹ̄],
    Audio:(file)

    Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.

    Miscellaneous

    • Rhymes: -ə, -eː (ə̀, é) (non-tonal)
    • Hyphenation: G
    • Homophone: g (tonal and non-tonal)
    • Homophone: g (non-tonal only)


    • Alpine Slavic (1000–1200 AD): *gə̀
        • Carinthian dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Veneitian–Karst dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Soča–Idrija dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Upper Carniolan dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Lower Carniolan dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Southern Styrian dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Northern Styrian dialect plane: *gə̏
        • Pannonian dialect plane: *gə̏

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    2. The eleventh letter of the Resian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    3. The eighth letter of the Natisone Valley dialect alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    NounEdit

    G m inan

    1. The name of the Latin script letter G / g.

    InflectionEdit

    • Overall more common
    First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate), fixed accent, -j- infix
    nom. sing. G
    gen. sing. G-ja
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    imenovȃlnik     		G G-ja G-ji
    genitive
    rodȋlnik     		G-ja G-jev G-jev
    dative
    dajȃlnik     		G-ju, G-ji G-jema G-jem
    accusative
    tožȋlnik     		G G-ja G-je
    locative
    mẹ̑stnik     		G-ju, G-ji G-jih G-jih
    instrumental
    orọ̑dnik     		G-jem G-jema G-ji
    (vocative)
    (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)     		G G-ja G-ji
    • More common when with a definite adjective
    Third masculine declension (no endings), fixed accent
    nom. sing. G
    gen. sing. G
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    imenovȃlnik     		G G G
    genitive
    rodȋlnik     		G G G
    dative
    dajȃlnik     		G G G
    accusative
    tožȋlnik     		G G G
    locative
    mẹ̑stnik     		G G G
    instrumental
    orọ̑dnik     		G G G
    (vocative)
    (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)     		G G G
    • Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century
    First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate), -j- infix
    nom. sing. G
    gen. sing. G-ja
    singular dual plural
    nominative
    imenovȃlnik     		G G-ja G-ji
    genitive
    rodȋlnik     		G-ja G-jov G-jov
    dative
    dajȃlnik     		G-ju, G-ji G-joma G-jom
    accusative
    tožȋlnik     		G G-ja G-je
    locative
    mẹ̑stnik     		G-ju, G-ji G-jih G-jih
    instrumental
    orọ̑dnik     		G-jom G-joma G-ji
    (vocative)
    (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)     		G G-ja G-ji

    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    Further readingEdit

    • “G”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

    SomaliEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G upper case (lower case g)

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ga and written in the Latin script.

    Usage notesEdit

    1. The thirteenth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by C and followed by F.

    See alsoEdit

    SpanishEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. the seventh letter of the Spanish alphabet

    Derived termsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    TurkishEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    • (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɡ/, /ɟ/
    • (letter name): IPA(key): /ɟeː/

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The eighth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ge and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The tenth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called gờ or giê and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    WelshEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The tenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called èg and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ff and followed by Ng.

    MutationEdit

    Welsh mutation
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    Gwynedd Wynedd Ngwynedd unchanged
    Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

    See alsoEdit

    Further readingEdit

    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “G”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

    YorubaEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called gí and written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

    ZuluEdit

    LetterEdit

    G (upper case, lower case g)

    1. The seventh letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

    See alsoEdit

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