R
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TranslingualEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- Ꝛ (archaic, rare)
EtymologyEdit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.
LetterEdit
R (lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter R): Ŕŕ Řř Ṙṙ Ŗŗ Ȑȑ Ȓȓ Ṛṛ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ Ɍɍ Ɽɽ ᵲ ᶉ ɼ ɾ ᵳ Ʀʀ Rr
SymbolEdit
R
- (currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa.
- (metrology) roentgen
- (physics) resistance (in electricity)
- (organic chemistry) An unspecified radical.
- Alcohols have the generic formula ROH.
- (genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine.
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine.
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant)
- synonyms: S for a sonorant
- (linguistics) rising tone
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of R:
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑː/
Audio (UK) (file) - (General American) enPR: är, IPA(key): /ɑɹ/
Audio (US) (file) - (Ireland) IPA(key): /ɔːɹ/, /aːɹ/
- (AAVE) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹə/
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
- Homophones: or, oar, ore, are, our, hour (in various accents)
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r, plural Rs or R's)
- The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NumberEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2Edit
Abbreviations
NounEdit
R
- (entomology) radius
- (US, politics) Republican
- (monarchy) rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”); the initial by which a British monarch signs documents after his or her name
- (handbells) ring
- (chess) rook
- (baseball, cricket) runs, the statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player
- (law) the Crown, the government of a monarchy (abbreviating rex (“king”) or regina (“queen”))
- R v Smith
- (especially in university catalogs) Thursday
- 1986, Cornell University Courses of Study,[1] page 250:
- Lecs, T R 9:05; lab, M T W R or F 1:25—4:25, or M or W 7:30—10:30 p.m.
- 2000 August, M.W. Carter, “A Comprehensive Course Timetabling and Student Scheduling System at the University of Waterloo”, in Edmund Burke and Wilhelm Erben (editors), Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling III, Springer (2001), →ISBN, page 66:
- 8:30 MWF (3 x 1 hour) […] 8:30-10 TR (2 x 1.5 hours)
- 2007, W. Ted Mahavier, “Syllabus for Analysis” (Lamar University course syllabus), appendix II.A of Charles A. Coppin et al., The Moore Method: A Pathway to Learner-Centered Instruction, Mathematical Association of America (2009), →ISBN, page 201:
- Office Hours: MTWRF: 9:00–11:00, 1:30–3:00 or stop by my office anytime.
- 1986, Cornell University Courses of Study,[1] page 250:
AdjectiveEdit
R
- (film certification) restricted
- reverse
- right (as opposed to left)
AfarEdit
LetterEdit
R
- The twelfth letter in the Afar alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
AzerbaijaniEdit
LetterEdit
R upper case (lower case r)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
ChineseEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
R
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (capital, lowercase r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See alsoEdit
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
EstonianEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)
FinnishEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ɛr/, [ʔɛʁ], [ʔɛɐ̯]
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /r/, [ʁ], [ɾ], [ɐ̯], [ː]
Audio (file)
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the German alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
- The letter R has a variety of possible realisations in contemporary German. Three positions must be distinguished:
- Before vowels, the variation is mostly between a uvular consonant (fricative, approximant, or rarely trill) and an alveolar consonant (trill, flap, or rarely approximant). In northern, central, and south-western Germany, the alveolar pronunciation is now rare and chiefly restricted to the elderly generation of some areas. In south-eastern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and South Tyrol, it remains more common; but even in these regions the uvular R is gaining ground and is already strongly predominant in some parts (e.g. Vienna).
- Word-finally and before consonants, most accents may vowelise R to [ɐ̯]~[ə̯], but in different ways. Vowelisation is commonest after long vowels and /ə/, where it is also prescribed in the broadcasting standard. A majority of speakers, however, vowelise R after short vowels, too. The resulting diphthongs may be contracted and length distinctions before vowelised R may be lost. The degree to which this happens differs regionally and idiolectally.
- Before the syllable -en /ən/, many speakers also vowelise R, though this is commonest in fast or casual speech, and consonantal realisations may be retained depending on the rhythm of the phrase as well as the formality of the context.
Related termsEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | R | R-ek |
accusative | R-et | R-eket |
dative | R-nek | R-eknek |
instrumental | R-rel | R-ekkel |
causal-final | R-ért | R-ekért |
translative | R-ré | R-ekké |
terminative | R-ig | R-ekig |
essive-formal | R-ként | R-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | R-ben | R-ekben |
superessive | R-en | R-eken |
adessive | R-nél | R-eknél |
illative | R-be | R-ekbe |
sublative | R-re | R-ekre |
allative | R-hez | R-ekhez |
elative | R-ből | R-ekből |
delative | R-ről | R-ekről |
ablative | R-től | R-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
R-é | R-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
R-éi | R-ekéi |
Possessive forms of R | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | R-em | R-jeim |
2nd person sing. | R-ed | R-jeid |
3rd person sing. | R-je | R-jei |
1st person plural | R-ünk | R-jeink |
2nd person plural | R-etek | R-jeitek |
3rd person plural | R-jük | R-jeik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case r)
- The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
- Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the romanization, which begins with R.
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
- Abbreviation of 令和 (Reiwa).
LatinEdit
Proper nounEdit
R
ReferencesEdit
- R in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- Letters of the Latvian alphabet:
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [ar]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [r]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [(r)]
LetterEdit
R
- The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NupeEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
ReferencesEdit
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, OCLC 1267332830, page 14
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă, Â â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Î î, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Skolt SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (lower case r)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ
SloveneEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (capital, lowercase r)
- The 18th letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by P and followed by S.
SomaliEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R upper case (lower case r)
- The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ra and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- The eighth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by D and followed by S.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) ', B b, T t, J j, X x, Kh kh, D d, R r, S s, Sh sh, Dh dh, C c, G g, F f, Q q, K k, L l, M m, N n, W w, H h, Y y, A a, E e, I i, O o, U u
SpanishEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- the 19th letter of the Spanish alphabet
TurkishEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ zəː˨˩], [zəː˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ʐəː˦˩], [ʐəː˦˩]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧ ɹəː˨˩], [ɹəː˨˩]
- Phonetic: e rờ, rờ
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-second letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e-rờ or rờ and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The twenty-second letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Ph and followed by Rh.
MutationEdit
- R cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “R”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
YorubaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- As used in Benin: (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
R (upper case, lower case r)
- The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.