Wiktionary

c

See also: C and Appendix:Variations of "c"
Letter c.svg
c U+0063, c
LATIN SMALL LETTER C
← b
[U+0062] 		Basic Latin d →
[U+0064]
Character variations
U+217D.svg
ⅽ U+217D, ⅽ
SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED
← ⅼ
[U+217C] 		Number Forms ⅾ →
[U+217E]
ｃ U+FF43, ｃ
FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER C
← ｂ
[U+FF42] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｄ →
[U+FF44]

TranslingualEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1Edit

  Modification of upper case letter C, from Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂‎ (g, “gimel”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (IPA symbol)
    IPA(file)

LetterEdit

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
  • Not to be confused with ϲ (s) (the lunate sigma).
  • In many languages, the letter c represents both a “hard” /k/ sound and a “soft” sound (/s/, /ts/, /tʃ/, or /θ/), based on the following letter.
  • In a number of languages, it is used only for the /tʃ/ sound.
  • In many languages, it occurs frequently in the digraph with ch.
  • In some romanization systems of non-Latin scripts, it represents /tʃ/, /θ/, or /tsʰ/.
See alsoEdit

SymbolEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

c

  1. (IPA) voiceless palatal plosive.

Etymology 2Edit

Lower case form of upper case roman numeral C, a standardization of Ɔ and C because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of Latin centum (“hundred”), from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternate form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling Ж (a superimposed X and I), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.

Alternative formsEdit

NumeralEdit

c (lower case Roman numeral, upper case C)

  1. cardinal number one hundred (100).
Usage notesEdit

With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as c, it represents one hundred thousand.

Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
  • Lesser roman numeral symbol: l (“50”)
  • Greater roman numeral symbol: d (“500”)
  • Roman numerals

Etymology 3Edit

From centi-, from Latin centum (“hundred”).

SymbolEdit

c

  1. centi-.

Etymology 4Edit

From Latin celeritās (“speed”).

SymbolEdit

c

  1. (physics) The speed of light, 2.99792458 × 108 m/s.

Etymology 5Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

SymbolEdit

c

  1. (mathematics) The space of convergent sequences.

GalleryEdit

  • Letter styles

  • Capital and lowercase versions of C, in normal and italic type

  • Uppercase and lowercase C in Fraktur

See alsoEdit

Other representations of C:

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

 

  Old English lower case letter c, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case c of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ (c, “cen”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /siː/ (usually spelled cee)
Audio (UK)(file)
Audio (US)(file)
Rhymes: -iː

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C, plural cs or c's)

  1. The third letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.

NumberEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The ordinal number third, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.
Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Various abbreviations

  1. (stenoscript) (a) the word see and inflections (seen, seeing)
    (b) the consonant /t͡ʃ/
    (c) the sequence /siː/

AdverbEdit

c

  1. Alternative form of c.

NounEdit

c

  1. Alternative form of c.

Etymology 3Edit

NounEdit

c (plural cs or c's)

  1. (music) The middle tone in either one of the sets of seven white keys on a keyboard or a set of seven strings on a stringed instrument.

Etymology 4Edit

VerbEdit

c

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of see; also C.

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c

  1. The sixth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

AlbanianEdit

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): /t͡s(ə)/

LetterEdit

c (upper case C, lower case c)

  1. The third letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

AzerbaijaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c lower case (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

BasqueEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Basque alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  • Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

See alsoEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

EsperantoEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called co and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

EstonianEdit

 
Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsee and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

  • Used only in foreign words.

See alsoEdit

FijianEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Fijian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

FinnishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈseː/, [ˈs̠e̞ː] (name of letter)
  • Audio:(file)

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called see and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
  • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with k or s.
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

c

  1. (music) C (note)
Usage notesEdit

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

DeclensionEdit
Declension of c (type maa)
singular plural
nominative c c:t
genitive c:n c:iden
c:itten
partitive c:tä c:itä
accusative c
c:n 		c:t
inessive c:ssä c:issä
elative c:stä c:istä
illative c:hen c:ihin
adessive c:llä c:illä
ablative c:ltä c:iltä
allative c:lle c:ille
essive c:nä c:inä
translative c:ksi c:iksi
instructive – c:in
abessive c:ttä c:ittä
comitative – c:ineen

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
    • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎fr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
      Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
      With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.

ContractionEdit

c

  1. (text messaging, Internet slang) Informal spelling of c'est
    C nul ici sans George
    It's rubbish here without George

FulaEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

See alsoEdit

HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called cé and written in the Latin script.

DeclensionEdit

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative c c-k
accusative c-t c-ket
dative c-nek c-knek
instrumental c-vel c-kkel
causal-final c-ért c-kért
translative c-vé c-kké
terminative c-ig c-kig
essive-formal c-ként c-kként
essive-modal — —
inessive c-ben c-kben
superessive c-n c-ken
adessive c-nél c-knél
illative c-be c-kbe
sublative c-re c-kre
allative c-hez c-khez
elative c-ből c-kből
delative c-ről c-kről
ablative c-től c-ktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		c-é c-ké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		c-éi c-kéi
Possessive forms of c
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. c-m c-im
2nd person sing. c-d c-id
3rd person sing. c-je c-i
1st person plural c-nk c-ink
2nd person plural c-tek c-itek
3rd person plural c-jük c-ik

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • (sound, letter, item, or abbreviation): c , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): c , (interjection expressing surprise or disparagement): c , (interjection for calling cats): c , (interjection for calling pigs or horses): c in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • c in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)

IdoEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (context pronunciation) IPA(key): /ts/
  • (letter name) IPA(key): /tse/

LetterEdit

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

IndonesianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /t͡ʃe/ (standard)
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /se/ (variant, Dutch-influenced)
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /tʃ/

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

InterlinguaEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /tse/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /k/ before 'a'/'o'/'u', /ts/ before 'i'/'e'/'y'

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Interlingua alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

ItalianEdit

LetterEdit

c m or f (invariable)

  1. see under C

JapaneseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Short of ちゃん (chan).

SuffixEdit

c(ちゃん) • (-chan) 

  1. (teen girl's slang) Alternative spelling of ちゃん (chan)

Related termsEdit

LatvianEdit

 
Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

EtymologyEdit

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

 
C

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called cē and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

LushootseedEdit

LetterEdit

c

  1. The fifth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a voiceless alveolar affricate.

MalayEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

 
Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nb
 
The letter C, c from the Norwegian alphabet, in two different fonts.

Alternative formsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin c, from the uppercase letter C, from Etruscan Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂‎ (g, “gimel”).

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (uppercase C)

  1. The third letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

NounEdit

c m (definite singular c-en, indefinite plural c-er, definite plural c-ene)

  1. the letter c, the third letter of the Norwegian alphabet
  2. indicates the third entry in a list, order or rank
    • 1857, Henrik Wergeland, Samlede Skrifter VIII, page 515:
      [jeg har] allerede sagt A. Traditionen vil nok lægge B. og C. til
      [I have] already said A. Tradition will probably add B. and C. to
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      historie er, hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel fra A og B
      history is what A means as a difference from B, and what C in turn means as a difference from A and B
  3. (music) C, c-note (the first note in the C chromatic and major scales; the lowest note of an instrument, written below the staff and the D note)
    • 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
      så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
      so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
    den høye C ― high C
    • 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 100:
      [de] larmet ikke og gik ikke og tok det høie C
      [they] did not make noise and did not go and did the high C
    • 1999, Børre Qvamme, Opera, operette og ballett gjennom tidene, page 70:
      Duprez vakte sensasjon ved sine ut de poitrine, høy c tatt som brysttone
      Duprez aroused sensation by his out de poitrine, high c taken as chest tone
    • 2000, Pål Gerhard Olsen, Fredstid:
      han gjør stolen hennes tobent så hun når den høye c av forskrekkelse
      he makes her chair two-legged so she reaches the high c out of fright
  4. (grammar) Abbreviation of genus commune.

Usage notesEdit

  • Only used in words of foreign origin, usually English. Even rare in loanwords, as this letter does not represent a sound of its own.
  • Still kept in many Christian names, therefore Caroline and Karoline are both acceptable spellings.

Etymology 2Edit

Abbreviation of centi- (“centi-”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

c

  1. Abbreviation of centi-.

Etymology 3Edit

Abbreviation of cent, from English cent, from Middle English cent, from Old French cent (“one hundred”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

c

  1. Abbreviation of cent.

Etymology 4Edit

Abbreviation of centime, from French centime, from cent (“hundred”), from Middle French cent, from Old French cent (“hundred”), from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

c

  1. Abbreviation of centime.

Etymology 5Edit

Abbreviation of centavo, from Spanish centavo (from ciento, from Old Spanish) and Portuguese centavo (from cento, from Old Portuguese cento), both stemming from Latin centum (“hundred”), from Proto-Italic *kentom (“hundred”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”), from *déḱm̥ (“ten”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

c

  1. Abbreviation of centavo.

Etymology 6Edit

Abbreviation of cykel, from Ancient Greek κῠ́κλος (kúklos), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”), from *kʷel- (“to turn”).

PronunciationEdit

SymbolEdit

c

  1. (physics) Abbreviation of cykel.

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

NupeEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

PolishEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (upper case C, lower case)

  1. The fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • c in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • c in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈse/

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From cê, short form of você (“you”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

c m or f (plural 6)

  1. (Brazil, Internet slang) Abbreviation of você.
    Synonym: vc

Etymology 3Edit

PrepositionEdit

c

  1. Abbreviation of com.

RomaniEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “C, c”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 13

RomanianEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ce or cî and written in the Latin script.

Usage notesEdit

See C for pronunciation notes.

See alsoEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • (uppercase): C

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (Cyrillic spelling ц)

  1. The 3rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by b and followed by č.

Skolt SamiEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (upper case C)

  1. The fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

SomaliEdit

LetterEdit

c lower case (upper case C)

  1. The twelfth letter of the Somali alphabet, called cayn and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

(phoneme)

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /θ/, [θ]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /s/, [s]

(letter name)

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /ˈθe/, [ˈθe]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /ˈse/, [ˈse]
  • Audio (Spain)(file)

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

SwedishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

See the etymology at #Translingual.

PronunciationEdit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /seː/
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, /k/

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

Proper nounEdit

c n (genitive c:s)

  1. Abbreviation of Centerpartiet (“Centre Party”).
Alternative formsEdit

TagalogEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

As letter
  • IPA(key): /se/ (in the Abecedario)
  • IPA(key): /si/, [sɪ] (in the modern Filipino alphabet)
As phoneme
  • IPA(key): /k/ (generally before /a/, /o/ and /u/, in Spanish-based spellings, proper nouns and unadapted loanwords)
  • IPA(key): /s/ (generally before /e/ and /i/, in proper nouns and unadapted loanwords)

LetterEdit

c (upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Tagalog alphabet, called si and written in the Latin script, in the Abecedario alphabet and the modern Filipino alphabet

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

c

  1. (text messaging) Alternative spelling of si

TurkishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
  • (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒeː/

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by b and followed by ch.

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cath gath nghath chath
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter C, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

ZuluEdit

PronunciationEdit

LetterEdit

c (lower case, upper case C)

  1. The third letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See alsoEdit

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