c
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TranslingualEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Modification of upper case letter C, from Etruscan 𐌂 (c), from Ancient Greek Γ (G, “Gamma”), from Phoenician 𐤂 (g, “gimel”).
PronunciationEdit
- (IPA symbol)
IPA (file)
LetterEdit
c (upper case C)
- The third letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
- Not to be confused with ϲ (s) (the lunate sigma).
- In many languages, the letter c represents both a “hard” /k/ sound and a “soft” sound (/s/, /ts/, /tʃ/, or /θ/), based on the following letter.
- In a number of languages, it is used only for the /tʃ/ sound.
- In many languages, it occurs frequently in the digraph with ch.
- In some romanization systems of non-Latin scripts, it represents /tʃ/, /θ/, or /tsʰ/.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter C): Ćć Ĉĉ Čč Ċċ C̄c̄ Çç Ḉḉ Ȼȼ Ƈƈ ɕ ᴄ Cc
- Other scripts: г (g, “ge”), ג (g, “gimel”), ʗ
- Letters and symbols with similar shapes: Ɔ (open O), с (s, “es”)
- For more variations, see Appendix:Variations of "c".
- Appendix:Roman script
- c on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
SymbolEdit
c
Etymology 2Edit
Lower case form of upper case roman numeral C, a standardization of Ɔ and C because the latter happens to be an abbreviation of Latin centum (“hundred”), from abbreviation of ƆIC, an alternate form of >I<, from tally stick markings resembling Ж (a superimposed X and I), from the practice of designating each tenth X notch with an extra cut.
Alternative formsEdit
NumeralEdit
c (lower case Roman numeral, upper case C)
- cardinal number one hundred (100).
Usage notesEdit
With a bar over the numeral, i.e., as c, it represents one hundred thousand.
Derived termsEdit
- English: c-note
See alsoEdit
- Lesser roman numeral symbol: l (“50”)
- Greater roman numeral symbol: d (“500”)
- Roman numerals
Etymology 3Edit
From centi-, from Latin centum (“hundred”).
SymbolEdit
c
Etymology 4Edit
From Latin celeritās (“speed”).
SymbolEdit
c
- (physics) The speed of light, 2.99792458 × 108 m/s.
Etymology 5Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SymbolEdit
c
- (mathematics) The space of convergent sequences.
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
Uppercase and lowercase C in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of C:
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Old English lower case letter c, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case c of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚳ (c, “cen”).
PronunciationEdit
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /k/, /s/, /tʃ/, ...
- Usage notes: In English, c is usually pronounced as /k/ ("crack", "climb", "clone"), sometimes pronounced as /s/ ("cereal", "celebrity", "citron"), and rarely pronounced as /tʃ/ ("ciao", "cello", "vermicelli"). Sometimes c is pronounced as /tʃ/ due to English words that came from Italian. (Italian has a rule that states that c before i or e is pronounced as /tʃ/.[1])
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C, plural cs or c's)
- The third letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.
NumberEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The ordinal number third, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called cee and written in the Latin script.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2Edit
Various abbreviations
AdverbEdit
c
- Alternative form of c.
NounEdit
c
- Alternative form of c.
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
- (music) The middle tone in either one of the sets of seven white keys on a keyboard or a set of seven strings on a stringed instrument.
Etymology 4Edit
VerbEdit
c
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of see; also C.
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c
- The sixth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y
AlbanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (upper case C, lower case c)
- The third letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
- (Arvanitic) (Greek script letters) Α α, Β β, Ƃ ƅ, Γ γ, Γj γj, Δ δ, D d, Ε ε, Ε̱ ε̱, Ζ ζ, Ζ̇ ζ̇, Θ θ, Ι ι, J j, Κ κ, Κ̇ κ̇, Λ λ, ΛΛ λλ, Λ̇ λ̇, Μ μ, Ν ν, Ν̇ ν̇, Ο ο, Π π, Ρ ρ, Ρ̇ ρ̇, Σ σ, Σ̈ σ̈, Τ τ, Ȣ ȣ, Υ υ, Φ φ, Χ χ, Χ̇ χ̇, ΤΣ τσ, ΤΣ̈ τσ̈, DΣ dσ, DΣ̈ dσ̈
AzerbaijaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c lower case (upper case C)
- The third letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Basque alphabet, called ze and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lletra; A a, À à, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, É é, È è, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, Ï ï, J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, Ò ò, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a (Á á, Ä ä), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, Ë ë), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï, IJ ij), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ö ö), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y (Ý ý), Z z
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called co and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
EstonianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Estonian alphabet, called tsee and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in foreign words.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)
FijianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (upper case C)
- The third letter of the Fijian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y
FinnishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Finnish alphabet, called see and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced with k or s.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
NounEdit
c
Usage notesEdit
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of c (type maa)
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FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
- Avec ces propos et d’autres semblables, le pauvre gentilhomme perdait le jugement. Il passait les nuits et se donnait la torture pour les comprendre, pour les approfondir, pour leur tirer le sens des entrailles, ce qu’Aristote lui-même n’aurait pu faire, s’il fût ressuscité tout exprès pour cela.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- With these passages and other similar ones, the poor gentleman lost his judgement. He spent his nights and tortured himself to understand them, to consider them more deeply, to take from them their deepest meaning, which Aristotle himself would not have been able to do, had he been resurrected for that very purpose.
ContractionEdit
c
- (text messaging, Internet slang) Informal spelling of c'est
- C nul ici sans George
- It's rubbish here without George
- C nul ici sans George
FulaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The fourth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called cé and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | c | c-k |
accusative | c-t | c-ket |
dative | c-nek | c-knek |
instrumental | c-vel | c-kkel |
causal-final | c-ért | c-kért |
translative | c-vé | c-kké |
terminative | c-ig | c-kig |
essive-formal | c-ként | c-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | c-ben | c-kben |
superessive | c-n | c-ken |
adessive | c-nél | c-knél |
illative | c-be | c-kbe |
sublative | c-re | c-kre |
allative | c-hez | c-khez |
elative | c-ből | c-kből |
delative | c-ről | c-kről |
ablative | c-től | c-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
c-é | c-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
c-éi | c-kéi |
Possessive forms of c | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | c-m | c-im |
2nd person sing. | c-d | c-id |
3rd person sing. | c-je | c-i |
1st person plural | c-nk | c-ink |
2nd person plural | c-tek | c-itek |
3rd person plural | c-jük | c-ik |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (upper case C)
- The third letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
InterlinguaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Interlingua alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
ItalianEdit
NounEdit
c m or f (invariable)
- See under C
JapaneseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Short of ちゃん (chan).
SuffixEdit
Related termsEdit
- s (san)
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The fourth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called cē and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- Letters of the Latvian alphabet:
LushootseedEdit
LetterEdit
c
- The fifth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a voiceless alveolar affricate.
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NorwegianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c
- The 3rd letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Usage notesEdit
- Only used in words of foreign origin, usually English. Even rare in loanwords, as this letter does not represent a sound of its own.
- Still kept in many Christian names, therefore Caroline and Karoline are both acceptable spellings.
PortugueseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2Edit
From cê, short form of você (“you”).
PronounEdit
c m or f (plural 6)
Etymology 3Edit
PrepositionEdit
c
- Abbreviation of com.
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The fifth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ce or cî and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
See C for pronunciation notes.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă, Â â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Î î, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- (uppercase): C
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (Cyrillic spelling ц)
Skolt SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (upper case C)
- The fourth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ
SomaliEdit
LetterEdit
c lower case (upper case C)
- The twelfth letter of the Somali alphabet, called cayn and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) ', B b, T t, J j, X x, Kh kh, D d, R r, S s, Sh sh, Dh dh, C c, G g, F f, Q q, K k, L l, M m, N n, W w, H h, Y y, A a, E e, I i, O o, U u
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
(phoneme)
(letter name)
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
SwedishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Proper nounEdit
c
- Centre Party; Abbreviation of Centerpartiet.
TurkishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ce and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ec and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by b and followed by ch.
MutationEdit
- c at the beginning of words mutates to g in a soft mutation, to ngh in a nasal mutation and to ch in an aspirate mutation, for example with the word cath (“cat”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
cath | gath | nghath | chath |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , chapter C, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
ZuluEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
c (lower case, upper case C)
- The third letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.