j
![]() | ||||||||
|
|
|
Translingual
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
j
- (IPA) a palatal approximant a.k.a. yod.
- (superscript ⟨ʲ⟩) palatalization ([j]-coloring), or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [j].
- (pharmacy, obsolete) one.
- ℥j
- one ounce
- ℥j
- (physics) imaginary unit
Gallery
- Letter styles
-
Normal and italic J
-
Uppercase and lowercase J in Fraktur
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter J): Ĵĵ Ɉɉ J̌ǰ ȷ ϳ ʝ ɟ ʄ ᴊ Jj IJij IJij LJLjlj LJLjlj NJNjnj NJNjnj
Other representations of J:
English
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J, plural js or j's)
- The tenth letter of the English alphabet, called jay and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- In Spanish language loanwords and names, "j" is pronounced as an "h", for example in fajita and Julio.
- The name of this letter is spelled jay, plural jays
- In Scotland, this letter is sometimes spelled jy, to reflect the local pronunciation.
Derived terms
See also
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun
j (plural js)
- (slang) A term for a marijuana cigarette ('joint').
- "I went outside to smoke myself a J" — Paul Simon, from the song "Late in the Evening" from the album, "One Trick Pony."
- (mathematics) An alternative version of i, the positive square root of -1; used in the context of electronics.
- (mathematics) The second unit vector, after i
Etymology 2
Abbreviation.
Suffix
j
Araki
Pronunciation
Letter
j (uppercase J)
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
Letter
j lower case (upper case J)
- The fifteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Basque
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.
See also
Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.
Chipewyan
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- A letter of the Chipewyan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Dutch
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See also
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /i/
- Conventional anglicization: i
Interjection
|
Alternative forms
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
j | j | j | j | jꜣ | |||||||||||||
[Old Kingdom] | [Old Kingdom] | [Middle Kingdom] |
Descendants
- Old Coptic: ⲏⲓ (ēi)
Verb
|
- (transitive) to say
Usage notes
By historical times, this verb is used almost exclusively as part of the quotative jn in its various forms.
Alternative forms
|
|
| ||||||||
j | j | j |
Noun
|
m
- (rare) statement, report, word (about someone’s good qualities) [Pyramid Texts]
- c. 2255 BCE – 2246 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Merenre — west wall of the corridor’s north section, line 25–27, spell 609.18–22:[1]
- jn m j n (j)fd(w) jpw jꜣtjw
ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m gs jꜣb n(j) pt
wṯz.sn j.k pn nfr n nḥb-kꜣw
ḏd.n n.k zꜣt.k jdt
wṯz nḥb-kꜣw j.k pn nfr n psḏtj
- Translation by Allen[2]
- A statement will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from the eastern side of the sky, and they will bear this good statement of you, which your daughter the Cow has spoken for you, to Kas-Assigner, and Kas-Assigner will bear this good statement of you to the Dual Ennead.
- jn m j n (j)fd(w) jpw jꜣtjw
- c. 2246 BCE – 2152 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi II — east wall of the corridor’s south section, line 6–8, spell 609.18–22:[3]
- [jn jj]j n(j) ppy [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ n jfdw jpw jꜣtjw
ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m] gs jꜣb n(j) pt
[wṯz].sn jjj n(j) [ppy] nfr-kꜣ-[rꜥ] pn nfr n nḥ[b-kꜣw]
[… p]py [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ] ḏ[d.n n.k zꜣt].k [jd]t
wṯz nḥb-kꜣw jj[j n(j)] ppy nfr-kꜣ-rꜥ pn [nfr n psḏtj]
- Translation by Allen (modified)[2]
- [A state]ment of Pepi [Nefer]ka[re will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from] the eastern side of the sky, and they [will bear] this good statement of [Pepi] Neferka[re … Pe]pi [Nefer]ka[re], which your [daughter the Co]w [has] spo[ken for you], to [Kas-As]signer, and Kas-Assigner will bear this [good] state[ment of] Pepi Neferkare [to the Dual Ennead].
- [jn jj]j n(j) ppy [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ n jfdw jpw jꜣtjw
Usage notes
The above quotes constitute all the known attestations of this word.
Alternative forms
|
| ||||||
jjj | j |
Noun
|
m
Alternative forms
| |||
j |
References
- Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 25, 25.5
- Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 7
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 199, 319, 455.
- ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), M
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Allen, James (2005) The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, page 230
- ^ Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), N
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The thirteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called jo and written in the Latin script.
See also
Estonian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called jott and written in the Latin script.
See also
Faroese
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The twelfth letter of the Faroese alphabet, called jodd and written in the Latin script.
See also
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on Swedish, German and Latin. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.
See also
French
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Fula
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
See also
Gothic
Romanization
j
- Romanization of 𐌾
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The seventeenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called jé and written in the Latin script.
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | j | j-k |
accusative | j-t | j-ket |
dative | j-nek | j-knek |
instrumental | j-vel | j-kkel |
causal-final | j-ért | j-kért |
translative | j-vé | j-kké |
terminative | j-ig | j-kig |
essive-formal | j-ként | j-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | j-ben | j-kben |
superessive | j-n | j-ken |
adessive | j-nél | j-knél |
illative | j-be | j-kbe |
sublative | j-re | j-kre |
allative | j-hez | j-khez |
elative | j-ből | j-kből |
delative | j-ről | j-kről |
ablative | j-től | j-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
j-é | j-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
j-éi | j-kéi |
Possessive forms of j | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | j-m | j-im |
2nd person sing. | j-d | j-id |
3rd person sing. | j-je | j-i |
1st person plural | j-nk | j-ink |
2nd person plural | j-tek | j-itek |
3rd person plural | j-jük | j-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- j in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The thirteenth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Ido
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Indonesian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Italian
Letter
j f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case J)
- the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, called i lunga in Italian
Usage notes
- The letter J is not considered part of the contemporary Italian alphabet. See under J.
Karelian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Karelian alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.
See also
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The fourteenth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
(file) |
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The fifteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called jē and written in the Latin script.
See also
Livonian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The fifteenth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Malay
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Mam
Pronunciation
Letter
j (uppercase J)
Middle English
Pronoun
j
- Alternative form of I (“I”)
Nupe
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The twelfth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Polish
Etymology
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J, lower case)
- The thirteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called jot and written in the Latin script.
See also
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Romani
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- (International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “J, j”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 14
Romanian
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The thirteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called je or jî and written in the Latin script.
See also
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- J (uppercase)
Pronunciation
Letter
j (Cyrillic spelling ј)
- The fourteenth letter of the Serbo-Croatian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The twelfth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The seventeenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Spanish
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- Phoneme
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called ji and written in the Latin script.
See also
Tagalog
Etymology
From Spanish j. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English j.
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish j.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: j
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA(key): /djej/, [d͡ʒɛɪ̯]
- (letter name, Abecedario): IPA(key): /ˈhota/, [ˈho.tɐ]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /dj/, [d͡ʒ]
- (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords): IPA(key): /h/, [h]
- (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete): IPA(key): /s/, [s]
- Rhymes: -ej, -ota
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜌ᜔)
- The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called dyey and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- This letter is mostly used only in slang, proper nouns, or unadapted loanwords.
- Some purists of Tagalog replace j in words with dy.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜆ)
- (historical) The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called jota and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- Some Spanish words originally with Spanish j tend to be replaced with h in Tagalog.
Further reading
- “j”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2018
Turkish
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The thirteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.
See also
Turkmen
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The eleventh letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.
See also
Uzbek
Pronunciation
Letter
j (upper case J)
- The ninth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.
See also
Yoruba
Pronunciation
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The eleventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called jí and written in the Latin script.
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
- The tenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.