無論
See also: 无论
Chinese
editnot have | to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (無論) | 無 | 論 | |
simp. (无论) | 无 | 论 |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mou4 leon6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-lun / vù-lun
- Northern Min (KCR): mǎu-lō̤ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6wu-len
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wúlùn
- Wade–Giles: wu2-lun4
- Yale: wú-lwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuluenn
- Palladius: улунь (ulunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u³⁵ lu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: mou4 leon6
- Yale: mòuh leuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: mou4 loen6
- Guangdong Romanization: mou4 lên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mou̯²¹ lɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-lun / vù-lun
- Hakka Romanization System: moˇ lun / vuˇ lun
- Hagfa Pinyim: mo2 lun4 / vu2 lun4
- Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹ lun⁵⁵/, /vu¹¹ lun⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎu-lō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mau²¹ lɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-lūn
- Tâi-lô: bû-lūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: bulun
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² lun²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² lun⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² lun²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bho5 lung6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô lŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ luŋ³⁵/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: mju lwon|lwonH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma [r]ˤu[n]|[r]ˤu[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ma ruːns|run/
Conjunction
edit無論
- no matter (what, how, etc.); regardless of; whether
- let alone; not to mention; much less
- 問今是何世,乃不知有漢,無論魏晉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 421, Tao Yuanming (陶淵明) The Peach-Blossom Fountain (《桃花源記》). English text based on the translation by Herbert Allen Giles, 1922.
- Wèn jīn shì héshì, nǎi bùzhī yǒu Hàn, wúlùn Wèi Jìn. [Pinyin]
- They then enquired about the politics of the day, ignorant of the establishment of the Han dynasty, and of course of the later dynasties which had succeeded it.
问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
edit- (no matter):
- (let alone):
Derived terms
editVerb
edit無論
- (literary) to not investigate
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
無 | 論 |
む Grade: 4 |
ろん Grade: 6 |
goon |
Etymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 無論 (MC mju lwonH, literally “without discussion, no argument”). Compare modern Hakka mò-lun or Cantonese mou4 leon6.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editNoun
editUsage notes
editMore commonly used as an adverb.
References
edit- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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