餅
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
餅 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人戈廿廿 (OITT), four-corner 88741, composition ⿰飠并(GHTV) or ⿰𩙿并(JK))
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1419, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44133
- Dae Jaweon: page 1943, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4453, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9905
ChineseEdit
trad. | 餅 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 饼 | |
alternative forms | 餠 |
Glyph originEdit
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
鵧 | *bi |
駢 | *beːn |
胼 | *beːn |
骿 | *beːn |
軿 | *beːn, *beːŋ |
賆 | *beːn |
跰 | *preŋs, *beːn |
恲 | *pʰreŋ |
鮩 | *breŋʔ, *beːŋʔ, *biɡ |
絣 | *preːŋ |
拼 | *preːŋ |
迸 | *preːŋs |
姘 | *pʰreːŋ, *pʰeːŋ |
皏 | *pʰreːŋʔ |
併 | *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ |
并 | *peŋ, *peŋs |
栟 | *peŋ |
屏 | *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ |
箳 | *peŋ, *beːŋ |
餅 | *peŋʔ |
鉼 | *peŋʔ |
摒 | *peŋs |
庰 | *beŋs |
偋 | *beŋs |
艵 | *pʰeːŋ |
頩 | *pʰeːŋ, *pʰeːŋʔ |
竮 | *pʰeːŋ, *beːŋ |
瓶 | *beːŋ |
缾 | *beːŋ |
蛢 | *beːŋ |
荓 | *beːŋ |
郱 | *beːŋ |
洴 | *beːŋ |
蓱 | *beːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *peŋʔ): semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs); traditional glyph form during Ming and Qing dynasty used to advocate 幷 (as in 餠) based on the influence of Shuowen.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
餅
- pastry; biscuit; cookie
- any round and flat pancake-like object
- (Cantonese) Classifier for video cassettes.
- (Min Dong) Classifier for pastry or flat objects.
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
- → Khmer: បាញ់ (bañ, “cake, pastry”)
- → Lao: ແປ້ງ (pǣng, “flour; starch; powder”)
- → Thai: แป้ง (bpɛ̂ɛng, “powder; flour; starch”)
- → Vietnamese: bánh (“pastry; cake; bread”), bánh pía (“Suzhou-style mooncake”)
JapaneseEdit
餅 | |
餠 |
KanjiEdit
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餠)
- mochi (glutinous rice cake)
- food containing mochi
- food kneaded and baked from flour
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: ひょう (hyō)←ひやう (fyau, historical)
- Kan-on: へい (hei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: ひん (hin)
- Kun: もち (mochi, 餅, Jōyō); あも (amo); かちん (kachin); もちい (mochii, 餅)←もちひ (motifi, historical)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
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餅 |
もち Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餠 (kyūjitai) |
/mot͡ɕiː/ → /mot͡ɕi/
Shift from older mochii, historical mochihi (see below).[1][2] Now the modern term for a glutinous rice cake.
Compare モモンガ (momonga, “Japanese dwarf flying squirrel”), with a similar shift.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
- 1996 February 20 [Feb 15 1988], Adachi, Mitsuru, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 107:
- 自分で自分の行動に条件をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘——例えば、毎年初雪が降るまでモチは食わないとか、霊柩車が通るまで道を渡らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出ないとか。
- Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.
- She sets terms for every of her own actions— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.
- 自分で自分の行動に条件をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘——例えば、毎年初雪が降るまでモチは食わないとか、霊柩車が通るまで道を渡らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出ないとか。
Derived termsEdit
- 餅網 (mochiami)
- 餅間 (mochiawai)
- 餅負い (mochioi)
- 餅鏡 (mochikagami)
- 餅菓子 (mochigashi)
- 餅粥 (mochigayu)
- 糯黍 (mochikibi)
- 餅草 (mochigusa)
- 餅米 (mochigome)
- 餅代 (mochidai)
- 餅の札 (mochi no fuda)
- 餅糊 (mochinori)
- 餅花 (mochibana)
- 餅搗き (mochi-tsuki)
- 餅腹 (mochibara)
- 餅病菌 (mochibyōkin)
- 餅舟 (mochifune), 餅舟 (mochibune)
- 餅肌, 餅膚 (mochihada)
- 餅踏み (mochifumi)
- 餅筵 (mochimushiro)
- 餅屋 (mochiya)
- 餅雪 (mochiyuki)
- 赤福-餅 (akafuku-mochi)
- 小豆餅 (azuki-mochi)
- 安倍川餅 (Abekawa mochi)
- 編み笠餅 (amigasa-mochi)
- 霰餅 (arare-mochi)
- 揚餅, 揚げ餅 (agemochi)
- 粟餅 (awamochi)
- 餡ころ餅 (ankoro mochi)
- 餡餅 (anmochi)
- 毬餅 (igamochi)
- 幾世餅 (ikuyo mochi)
- 一升餅 (isshō-mochi)
- 戴き餅 (itadaki-mochi)
- 亥の子餅 (inoko mochi)
- 鶯餅 (uguisu-mochi)
- 鶉餅 (uzura-mochi)
- 姥餅, 姥が餅 (uba ga mochi)
- 粳餅 (urumochi)
- 乙子餅 (otogo-mochi), 乙子の餅 (otogo no mochi)
- 掻い餅 (kaimochi)
- 鏡餅 (kagamimochi)
- 欠餅, 欠き餅 (kakimochi)
- 柿餅 (kakimochi)
- 重ね餅 (kasanemochi)
- 柏餅 (kashiwamochi)
- 堅餅, 固餅 (katamochi)
- 鹿の子餅 (ka-no-ko mochi)
- 辛味餅 (karami-mochi)
- 川浸り餅 (kawabitari-mochi), 川渡り餅 (kawa-watari mochi)
- かんころ餅 (kankoro-mochi)
- 寒餅 (kanmochi)
- 黄な粉餅 (kinako-mochi)
- 黍餅 (kibimochi)
- 求肥餅 (gyūhi-mochi)
- 切餅, 切り餅 (kirimochi)
- 空也餅 (Kūya mochi)
- 草餅 (kusamochi)
- 葛餅 (kuzumochi)
- 具足餅 (gusoku-mochi), 鎧餅 (yoroimochi)
- 配り餅 (kubarimochi)
- 栗の子餅, 栗の粉餅 (kuri-no-ko mochi)
- 胡桃餅 (kurumimochi)
- 紅梅餅 (kōbai-mochi)
- 凍り餅, 氷餅 (kōri-mochi), 凍み餅 (shimimochi)
- 黒餅 (kokumochi)
- 御難の餅 (gonan no mochi)
- 御福の餅 (gofuku no mochi)
- 御幣餅, 五平餅 (gohei-mochi)
- 桜餅 (sakuramochi)
- 笹餅 (sasamochi)
- 自在餅 (jizai-mochi)
- 四十九餅 (shijūku-mochi)
- しつけた餅 (shitsuketa-mochi)
- 粢餅 (shitogimochi)
- 十字餅 (jūji-mochi)
- 白糸餅 (shiraito-mochi)
- 尻餅 (shirimochi)
- 汁の餅 (shiru no mochi)
- 白餅 (shiromochi)
- 糝粉餅 (shinko-mochi)
- 隅の餅 (sumi no mochi)
- 座り餅, 坐り餅 (suwarimochi)
- ずんだ餅 (zunda-mochi)
- 善哉餅 (zenzai-mochi)
- 雑煮餅 (zōni-mochi)
- 供え餅 (sonaemochi)
- 大福餅 (daifuku-mochi)
- 大仏餅 (Daibutsu-mochi)
- 力餅 (chikaramochi)
- 賃餅 (chinmochi)
- 搗き餅 (tsukimochi)
- 椿餅 (tsubaimochi), 椿餅 (tsubakimochi)
- 鶴の子餅 (tsuru-no-ko mochi)
- 栃餅, 橡餅 (tochimochi)
- 土用餅 (doyō mochi)
- 鳥の子餅 (tori-no-ko mochi)
- 投げ餅 (nagemochi)
- 海鼠餅 (namako-mochi)
- 伸し餅 (noshimochi), 瓦餅 (kawaramochi)
- 萩の餅 (hagi no mochi)
- 柱餅 (hashiramochi)
- 八朔の苦餅 (hassaku no nigamochi)
- 花弁餅 (hanabira-mochi)
- 花餅 (hanamochi)
- 母子餅 (hahako-mochi)
- 羽二重餅 (habutae-mochi)
- 腹太餅 (harabuto-mochi)
- 引き摺り餅 (hikizuri-mochi)
- 菱餅 (hishimochi)
- 捻り餅 (hinerimochi)
- 引っ張り餅 (hippari mochi)
- 折ぎ餅 (hegimochi)
- 牡丹餅 (botamochi)
- 豆餅 (mamemochi)
- 丸餅, 円餅 (marumochi)
- 三日夜の餅 (mikayo no mochi)
- 水の餅 (mizu no mochi)
- 麦餅 (mugimochi)
- 蒸餅, 蒸し餅 (mushimochi)
- 糯米 (mochigome, “glutinous rice”)
- 焼餅, 焼き餅 (yakimochi)
- 矢筈餅 (yahazu-mochi)
- 矢開き餅 (yabiraki-mochi)
- 雪餅 (yukimochi)
- 柚餅 (yuzumochi)
- 四隅餅 (yosumi-mochi)
- 蓬餅 (yomogimochi)
- 若餅 (wakamochi)
- 山葵餅 (wasabimochi)
- 蕨餅 (warabi-mochi)
IdiomsEdit
- 餅を搗く (mochi o tsuku)
ProverbsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Related termsEdit
- 糯 (mochi)
Proper nounEdit
- a surname
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
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餅 |
もちい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餠 (kyūjitai) |
⟨moti ipi1⟩ → */motipʲi/ → /mot͡ɕifi/ → /mot͡ɕiwi/ → /mot͡ɕiː/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Shift from 糯飯 (mochi-ii), itself a compound of 糯 (mochi, “glutinous rice”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”).[1][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
餅 • (mochii) ←もちひ (motifi)? (kyūjitai 餠)
- (archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
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餅 |
かちん Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餠 (kyūjitai) |
First attested in Muromachi period texts.
Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “woman's language”) term, derived as a compound of 搗ち (kachi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 搗つ (katsu, “to pound in a mortar”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”).[1][2][3] The final ん (-n) is likely an informal suffix. Listed as cachin in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[6]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
- Synonym: おかちん (o-kachin)
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
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餅 |
あも Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
餠 (kyūjitai) |
/amːot͡ɕi/ → /amːo/ → /amo/
A shift from 餡餅 (anmochi, “red bean-paste mochi”), deriving from baby talk.[1][2][3] Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603, described as “Palaura de mulheres, 🙰 mininos” (“a women's and children's word”).[7]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste
- Synonym: 餡餅 (anmochi, anmo)
- (usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
- ^ 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, third entry from the bottom in the right-hand column
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
OkinawanEdit
Kanji in this term |
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餅 |
むーちー Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 餅 (mochi).
NounEdit
餅 (hiragana むーちー, rōmaji mūchī)
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
餅: Hán Việt readings: bính
餅: Nôm readings: bính, bánh
NounEdit
- Nôm form of bánh (“pastry, cake, bread, dumpling, noodle, wafer, or pudding”).
- 13th century, Trần Nhân Tông, Cư trần lạc đạo phú, "Đệ cửu hội":
茶 趙 老 餅 韶 陽 /排 禪 子 矣 群 肁 渴 - Old man Trieu's tea, Thieu Duong cakes,
the novices still hungry and thirsty.
- Old man Trieu's tea, Thieu Duong cakes,
ReferencesEdit
- Jean-Louis Taberd (1838), Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum, p. A4.
- Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)