kuna

See also: Kuna, kúna, kùna, kuña, -kuna, kūnā, kuną, and kūną

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -uːnə

Noun

kuna (plural kunas or kune)

1. The former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.

Translations

former currency of Croatia

• Arabic: كُونَا f (kūnā)
• Belarusian: ку́на f (kúna)
• Bulgarian: ку́на f (kúna)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 庫納／库纳 (kùnà)

• Czech: kuna (cs) f
• Finnish: kuna (fi)
• German: Kuna f
• Greek: κούνα f (koúna)
• Hebrew: קונה
• Hindi: कुना (kunā)
• Indonesian: kuna (id)
• Italian: kuna f
• Japanese: クーナ (kūna)
• Korean: 쿠나 (kuna)
• Macedonian: ку́на f (kúna)
• Persian: کونا (kunâ)
• Polish: kuna (pl) f
• Portuguese: kuna (pt) m or f
• Russian: ку́на (ru) f (kúna)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ку́на f

  Roman: kúna (sh) f

• Slovak: kuna (sk) f
• Slovene: kuna (sl) f
• Spanish: kuna (es) f
• Turkish: kunası
• Ukrainian: ку́на (uk) f (kúna)

Anagrams

• Kuan, NKAU

Baagandji

Alternative forms

• guna

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher, Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004; edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Kochl published in Amsterdam and Philadelphia by the John Benjamins Publishing Company)

Chuukese

Verb

kuna

1. to see

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech kuna, from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]

Noun

kuna f (related adjective kunový)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Declension

Declension of kuna (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	kuna	kuny
genitive	kuny	kun
dative	kuně	kunám
accusative	kunu	kuny
vocative	kuno	kuny
locative	kuně	kunách
instrumental	kunou	kunami

Derived terms

adjectives

• kuní

 

Further reading

• “kuna”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
• “kuna”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kuna”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Dieri

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Esperanto

Etymology

From kun +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]
• Rhymes: -una
• Hyphenation: kun‧a

Adjective

kuna (accusative singular kunan, plural kunaj, accusative plural kunajn)

1. joint; combined

Estonian

Etymology

Originally essive singular form of Proto-Finnic *ku.

Conjunction

kuna

1. because

   Ma ei lähe homme kooli, kuna ma pean linna minema.

   I won't go to school tomorrow, because I have to go to the city.

2. as, when, at the same time as

   Ema tõusis hommikul varakult, kuna pere jäi veel magama.

   Mother rose early, as the family was still sleeping.

Synonyms

• sest

Adverb

kuna (not comparable)

1. (interrogative, colloquial) when

   Kuna me rahad siis saame?

   When will we get our money then?

Synonyms

• kunas
• millal

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkunɑ/, [ˈkunɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -unɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ku‧na

Etymology 1

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Declension

Inflection of kuna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		kuna	kunat
genitive		kunan	kunien
partitive		kunaa	kunia
illative		kunaan	kuniin
		singular	plural
nominative		kuna	kunat
accusative	nom.	kuna	kunat
	gen.	kunan
genitive		kunan	kunien kunain rare
partitive		kunaa	kunia
inessive		kunassa	kunissa
elative		kunasta	kunista
illative		kunaan	kuniin
adessive		kunalla	kunilla
ablative		kunalta	kunilta
allative		kunalle	kunille
essive		kunana	kunina
translative		kunaksi	kuniksi
abessive		kunatta	kunitta
instructive		—	kunin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kuna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kunani kunani accusative nom. kunani kunani gen. kunani genitive kunani kunieni kunaini rare partitive kunaani kuniani inessive kunassani kunissani elative kunastani kunistani illative kunaani kuniini adessive kunallani kunillani ablative kunaltani kuniltani allative kunalleni kunilleni essive kunanani kuninani translative kunakseni kunikseni abessive kunattani kunittani instructive — — comitative — kunineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kunasi kunasi accusative nom. kunasi kunasi gen. kunasi genitive kunasi kuniesi kunaisi rare partitive kunaasi kuniasi inessive kunassasi kunissasi elative kunastasi kunistasi illative kunaasi kuniisi adessive kunallasi kunillasi ablative kunaltasi kuniltasi allative kunallesi kunillesi essive kunanasi kuninasi translative kunaksesi kuniksesi abessive kunattasi kunittasi instructive — — comitative — kuninesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kunamme kunamme accusative nom. kunamme kunamme gen. kunamme genitive kunamme kuniemme kunaimme rare partitive kunaamme kuniamme inessive kunassamme kunissamme elative kunastamme kunistamme illative kunaamme kuniimme adessive kunallamme kunillamme ablative kunaltamme kuniltamme allative kunallemme kunillemme essive kunanamme kuninamme translative kunaksemme kuniksemme abessive kunattamme kunittamme instructive — — comitative — kuninemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kunanne kunanne accusative nom. kunanne kunanne gen. kunanne genitive kunanne kunienne kunainne rare partitive kunaanne kunianne inessive kunassanne kunissanne elative kunastanne kunistanne illative kunaanne kuniinne adessive kunallanne kunillanne ablative kunaltanne kuniltanne allative kunallenne kunillenne essive kunananne kuninanne translative kunaksenne kuniksenne abessive kunattanne kunittanne instructive — — comitative — kuninenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kunansa kunansa accusative nom. kunansa kunansa gen. kunansa genitive kunansa kuniensa kunainsa rare partitive kunaansa kuniaan kuniansa inessive kunassaan kunassansa kunissaan kunissansa elative kunastaan kunastansa kunistaan kunistansa illative kunaansa kuniinsa adessive kunallaan kunallansa kunillaan kunillansa ablative kunaltaan kunaltansa kuniltaan kuniltansa allative kunalleen kunallensa kunilleen kunillensa essive kunanaan kunanansa kuninaan kuninansa translative kunakseen kunaksensa kunikseen kuniksensa abessive kunattaan kunattansa kunittaan kunittansa instructive — — comitative — kunineen kuninensa

Further reading

• “kuna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

Etymology 2

Pronoun

kuna

1. (interrogative, archaic) essive singular of kuka
2. (indefinite, archaic) essive singular of kuka

Anagrams

• akun, naku

French

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

Noun

kuna m or f (plural kunas)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Usage notes

• Used as a masculine and a feminine noun interchangably

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.na/, [ˈku.nə]

Noun

kuna

1. a variety of freshwater eel

References

• Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kuna”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/
• Hyphenation: ku‧na

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦸꦤ (kuna).

Adjective

kuna

1. Alternative spelling of kuno (“ancient”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kúna/ку́на.

Noun

kuna (first-person possessive kunaku, second-person possessive kunamu, third-person possessive kunanya)

1. kuna: the former (until 2023) currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa.

Further reading

• “kuna” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Noun

kuna f (plural kune)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Javanese

Romanization

kuna

1. Romanization of ꦏꦸꦤ

Kituba

Adverb

kuna

1. there

Verb

kuna

1. to plant
2. to sow

Lingala

Adverb

kuna

1. there

References

• “kuna” in Ekolongonelo ya Lingala: an introductory course, page 25

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]

Noun

kuna f animal

1. marten

Declension

Declension of kuna

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	kuna	kunje	kuny
Genitive	kuny	kunowu	kunow
Dative	kunje	kunoma	kunam
Accusative	kunu	kunje	kuny
Instrumental	kunu	kunoma	kunami
Locative	kunje	kunoma	kunach

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “kuna”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999) “kuna”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Martuthunira

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuna/

Noun

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

Masbatenyo

Noun

kuna

1. crib; cradle

Ngiyambaa

Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *gunaŋ, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kúna, ку́на (“marten”).

Noun

kuna m (definite singular kunaen, indefinite plural kunaar or kunaer, definite plural kunaane or kunaene)

1. (numismatics) kuna

References

• “kuna” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʊnɐ]

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, dung
2. bowels

Derived terms

• kuna aḻa (“anus”)
• kuna ngingkirmananyi (“break wind”)
• kuna pati (“constipated”)
• kunaṉi (“to eviscerate”, transitive verb)
• kunaṟinganyi (“to defecate”)

 

Pitta-Pitta

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

Verb

kuna

1. (intransitive) to defecate

Derived terms

• kunakirra

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈku.na/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ku‧na

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Noun

kuna f

1. marten (any mustelid of the genus Martes)
2. leather marten skin
3. (historical) jougs (chained iron collar)

   Synonym: kunica

Derived terms

adjective

• kuni

 

nouns

• kunica
• kuniec

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian kuna, from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Noun

kuna f

1. (historical) kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Declension

Declension of kuna

	singular	plural
nominative	kuna	kuny
genitive	kuny	kun
dative	kunie	kunom
accusative	kunę	kuny
instrumental	kuną	kunami
locative	kunie	kunach
vocative	kuno	kuny

Further reading

• kuna in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kuna in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

kuna m or f (plural kunas)

1. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• kn (abbreviation, currency)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kǔːna/
• Hyphenation: ku‧na

Noun

kúna f (Cyrillic spelling ку́на)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia, until 2023)

Declension

Declension of kuna

	singular	plural
nominative	kuna	kune
genitive	kune	kuna
dative	kuni	kunama
accusative	kunu	kune
vocative	kuno	kune
locative	kuni	kunama
instrumental	kunom	kunama

Further reading

• “kuna” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkuna]

Noun

kuna f (genitive singular kuny, nominative plural kuny, genitive plural kún, declension pattern of žena)

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Declension

Declension of kuna

	singular	plural
nominative	kuna	kuny
genitive	kuny	kún
dative	kune	kunám
accusative	kunu	kuny
locative	kune	kunách
instrumental	kunou	kunami

Derived terms

adjective

• kuní

 

Further reading

• “kuna”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kùːna/

Noun

kúna f

1. marten
2. kuna (former currency of Croatia)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	kúna
gen. sing.	kúne
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	kúna	kúni	kúne
genitive (rodȋlnik)	kúne	kún	kún
dative (dajȃlnik)	kúni	kúnama	kúnam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	kúno	kúni	kúne
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	kúni	kúnah	kúnah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	kúno	kúnama	kúnami

Further reading

• “kuna”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkuna/ [ˈku.na]
• Rhymes: -una
• Syllabification: ku‧na

Noun

kuna f (plural kunas)

1. kuna

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-kuna (infinitive kukuna)

1. to scrape, scratch
2. to grate, shred

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kuna
Positive present -nakuna Subjunctive -kune Negative -kuni Imperative singular kuna
Infinitives
Positive kukuna Negative kutokuna
Imperatives
Singular kuna Plural kuneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukuna Positive past positive subject concord + -likuna Negative past negative subject concord + -kukuna
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakuna) Singular Plural 1st person ninakuna/nakuna tunakuna 2nd person unakuna mnakuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakuna wanakuna other classes positive subject concord + -nakuna
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kuni) Singular Plural 1st person sikuni hatukuni 2nd person hukuni hamkuni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakuni hawakuni other classes negative subject concord + -kuni
Positive future positive subject concord + -takuna Negative future negative subject concord + -takuna
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kune) Singular Plural 1st person nikune tukune 2nd person ukune mkune 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akune wakune other classes positive subject concord + -kune
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikune Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekuna Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekuna Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikuna Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikuna
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akuna) Singular Plural 1st person nakuna twakuna 2nd person wakuna mwakuna 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akuna wakuna m-mi(III/IV) wakuna yakuna ji-ma(V/VI) lakuna yakuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakuna vyakuna n(IX/X) yakuna zakuna u(XI) wakuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakuna pa(XVI) pakuna mu(XVIII) mwakuna
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekuna "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakuna "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakuna "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikuna "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokuna Consecutive kakuna / positive subject concord + -kakuna Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakune
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikuna -tukuna 2nd person -kukuna -wakuna/-kukuneni/-wakuneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkuna -wakuna m-mi(III/IV) -ukuna -ikuna ji-ma(V/VI) -likuna -yakuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikuna -vikuna n(IX/X) -ikuna -zikuna u(XI) -ukuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukuna pa(XVI) -pakuna mu(XVIII) -mukuna Reflexive -jikuna
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kuna- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kunaye -kunao m-mi(III/IV) -kunao -kunayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kunalo -kunayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kunacho -kunavyo n(IX/X) -kunayo -kunazo u(XI) -kunao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kunako pa(XVI) -kunapo mu(XVIII) -kunamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kuna) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekuna -okuna m-mi(III/IV) -okuna -yokuna ji-ma(V/VI) -lokuna -yokuna ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokuna -vyokuna n(IX/X) -yokuna -zokuna u(XI) -okuna see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokuna pa(XVI) -pokuna mu(XVIII) -mokuna
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Verb

kuna

1. inflection of -wa na:
   1. ku class subject inflected present affirmative
   2. ku locative class subject inflected present affirmative
   3. (in a distant or indefinite location): there is/are

Related terms

• hakuna
• mna
• pana

 

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kuˈna]

Noun

kuna f

1. marten

Declension

Declension of kuna

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	kuna	kunje	kuny
genitive	kuny	kunow	kunow
dative	kunje	kunomaj	kunam
accusative	kunu	kunje	kuny
instrumental	kunu	kunomaj	kunami
locative	kunje	kunomaj	kunach
vocative	kuna	kunje	kuny

Further reading

• kuna in Hornjoserbsko-němski Słownik

Veps

Etymology

Akin to Karelian kunne.

Adverb

kuna

1. to where, whither (interrogative)

Derived terms

• koje-kuna
• kuna-ni
• kuna-se
• nikuna

 

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “куда”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Warlpiri

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna , from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, dung

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Yoruba

Etymology

From kù +‎ ọ̀nà (“path”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kù.nã̀/

Verb

kùnà

1. (transitive, intransitive) to miss (the way or mark), to go in the wrong direction

   Synonym: ṣìnà

2. (intransitive) to fail (in one's attempt)

Derived terms

• ìkùnà (“failure, the act of missing”)
• akùnà (“a failure”)

Related terms

• àìyege (“lack of success”)

Yukpa

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *tuna.

Noun

kuna

1. water

References

• Sergio Meira, Primeras observaciones sobre la lengua yukpa (2005) (as kuna)
• The Languages of the Andes (2004, Willem F. H. Adelaar, Pieter C. Muysken) (as kúna)