首
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit首 (Kangxi radical 185, 首+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿竹月山 (THBU), four-corner 80601, composition ⿱丷𦣻 or ⿱䒑自)
- Kangxi radical #185, ⾸.
Derived characters
edit- Appendix:Chinese radical/首
- 𠃺, 𫮐, 𡞝, 𭛼, 𢰢, 渞, 𤠁, 道, 𪳂, 𣮹, 𫤞, 𪼼, 艏, 𫋎, 𨍣, 𨲛, 𮫤, 𮬅, 𠡼, 𬱯, 𩯢, 𪬐, 𩠮, 𩠰, 𭐱, 衜, 𭩍, 𬞪
Further reading
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1427, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44489
- Dae Jaweon: page 1953, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4500, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9996
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
首 | |
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alternative forms | 𩠐 𦣻 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 首 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Simplified from 𩠐 (巛 → 丷). Originally pictographic (象形) of an animal with a long mouth and horns. In the oracle bone script, it appeared with or without hair (巛), but 𩠐, the form with hair, was the form that was perpetuated.
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lu; cognate with Mizo lu (“head”). This word has also been compared with Proto-Austronesian *quluh (“head”) (Malay hulu) and Proto-Tai *klawꟲ ~ krawꟲ (“head; hair knot”) (Thai เกล้า (glâao, “hair; head”)), and was used by Sagart to support his Sino-Austronesian hypothesis. Compare 道 (OC *l'uːʔ, “path, road”) (with the same phonetic component) and its relationship with Proto-Hmong-Mien *kləuX (“road, way”).
This word was replaced by 頭 (OC *doː, “head”) by the Warring States period, possibly due to early homophony with 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”).
Pronunciation 1
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sau2
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5seu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
- Wade–Giles: shou3
- Yale: shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
- Palladius: шоу (šou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau2
- Yale: sáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2
- Guangdong Romanization: seo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
- Hakka Romanization System: suˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3
- Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
- Sinological IPA (key): /sieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- siú - literary;
- chhiú - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: syuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljuʔ/
Definitions
edit首
- (archaic, anatomy) head
- 愛而不見,搔首踟躕。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Ài ér bù jiàn, sāo shǒu chíchú. [Pinyin]
- Loving and not seeing her, I scratch my head, and am in perplexity.
爱而不见,搔首踟蹰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- chief; leader
- start; beginning
- first; best; highest
- prime; prior; primary
- side; direction
- Classifier for songs and poems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
Synonyms
editPronunciation 2
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
- Wade–Giles: shou3
- Yale: shǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
- Palladius: шоу (šou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau2 / sau3
- Yale: sáu / sau
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau2 / sau3
- Guangdong Romanization: seo2 / seo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯³⁵/, /sɐu̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: syuwH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥uʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljus/
Definitions
edit首
Compounds
edit- 一蛇二首
- 上廳行首/上厅行首
- 下首 (xiàshǒu)
- 上首 (shàngshǒu)
- 上首徒弟
- 不堪回首 (bùkānhuíshǒu)
- 乳首
- 亂首/乱首
- 亂首垢面/乱首垢面
- 企足矯首/企足矫首
- 仰首伸眉
- 伏首貼耳/伏首贴耳
- 低首下心
- 何首烏/何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
- 俛首/俯首
- 俛首帖耳/俯首帖耳
- 俛首聽命/俯首听命
- 俛首自招/俯首自招
- 個人首頁/个人首页
- 倡首 (chàngshǒu)
- 俯首
- 俯首就縛/俯首就缚
- 俯首帖耳
- 俯首稱臣/俯首称臣
- 俯首聽命/俯首听命
- 俯首認罪/俯首认罪
- 側首/侧首
- 元首 (yuánshǒu)
- 六陽會首/六阳会首
- 六陽首級/六阳首级
- 六陽魁首/六阳魁首
- 出首 (chūshǒu)
- 分首判袂
- 剽首
- 功首
- 匕首
- 北首
- 匪首 (fěishǒu)
- 卬首信眉
- 叩首 (kòushǒu)
- 名列榜首 (mínglièbǎngshǒu)
- 囚首喪面/囚首丧面
- 囚首垢面
- 回首 (huíshǒu)
- 圓首方足/圆首方足
- 垂首喪氣/垂首丧气
- 埋首 (máishǒu)
- 姿首
- 尸首
- 居首 (jūshǒu)
- 屍首/尸首
- 布衣黔首
- 帕首
- 龐眉皓首/庞眉皓首
- 延首
- 引首
- 引首章
- 後首/后首
- 徇首
- 徹首徹尾/彻首彻尾
- 心折首肯
- 愴然垂首/怆然垂首
- 懸首/悬首 (xuánshǒu)
- 戎首
- 抗首
- 投首
- 批首
- 拜手稽首
- 拜稽首
- 捐軀殞首/捐躯殒首
- 授首
- 捧首
- 搔首
- 搔首弄姿 (sāoshǒunòngzī)
- 搔首抓耳
- 搔首踟躕/搔首踟蹰
- 摧身碎首
- 擒賊擒首/擒贼擒首
- 教首
- 斂首低眉/敛首低眉
- 文章魁首
- 斬首/斩首 (zhǎnshǒu)
- 斬首示眾/斩首示众
- 斷首捐軀/断首捐躯
- 昂首 (ángshǒu)
- 昂首挺立
- 昂首挺胸
- 昂首望天
- 昂首闊步/昂首阔步 (ángshǒukuòbù)
- 會首/会首
- 有首尾
- 東首/东首
- 枳首
- 枳首蛇
- 案首 (ànshǒu)
- 梟首/枭首 (xiāoshǒu)
- 榜首 (bǎngshǒu)
- 標首/标首
- 權首/权首
- 歲首/岁首
- 歸首/归首
- 殞身碎首/殒身碎首
- 沒甚首尾/没甚首尾
- 泥首
- 濡首
- 為首/为首 (wéishǒu)
- 營首/营首
- 牛首 (Niúshǒu)
- 犀首
- 狐死首丘
- 獻首/献首 (xiànshǒu)
- 班首
- 畏首畏尾 (wèishǒuwèiwěi)
- 疚心疾首
- 疢如疾首
- 疾首 (jíshǒu)
- 疾首痛心
- 疾首蹙頞/疾首蹙𱂨
- 疾首蹙額/疾首蹙额
- 痛心疾首 (tòngxīnjíshǒu)
- 發行首日/发行首日
- 白首 (báishǒu)
- 白首一節/白首一节
- 白首之心
- 白首北面
- 白首同歸/白首同归
- 白首如新
- 白首無成/白首无成
- 白首相知
- 白首空歸/白首空归
- 白首窮經/白首穷经
- 皓首 (hàoshǒu)
- 皓首一經/皓首一经
- 皓首窮經/皓首穷经
- 皓首蒼顏/皓首苍颜
- 盜首/盗首
- 矯首/矫首
- 石首 (shíshǒu)
- 石首魚/石首鱼 (shíshǒuyú)
- 碎首糜軀/碎首糜躯
- 禍首/祸首 (huòshǒu)
- 禍首罪魁/祸首罪魁
- 稽首 (qǐshǒu)
- 空首
- 糜軀碎首/糜躯碎首
- 網路首頁/网路首页
- 綯首/绹首
- 繯首/缳首
- 罪魁禍首/罪魁祸首 (zuìkuíhuòshǒu)
- 群龍無首/群龙无首 (qúnlóngwúshǒu)
- 翹首/翘首 (qiáoshǒu)
- 翹首企足/翘首企足
- 翹首引領/翘首引领
- 翹首盼望/翘首盼望
- 聚首 (jùshǒu)
- 自首 (zìshǒu)
- 舉首/举首
- 荼首
- 蔀首
- 蓬首
- 蓬首垢面 (péngshǒugòumiàn)
- 蛾眉螓首
- 螓首
- 螓首蛾眉
- 螭首
- 行首 (hángshǒu)
- 褎然舉首/褎然举首
- 貿首/贸首
- 賊首/贼首 (zéishǒu)
- 起首 (qǐshǒu)
- 身首分離/身首分离
- 身首異處/身首异处 (shēnshǒuyìchù)
- 軹首蛇/轵首蛇
- 轉首/转首
- 迴首/回首 (huíshǒu)
- 進退首鼠/进退首鼠
- 還首/还首
- 部會首長/部会首长
- 部首 (bùshǒu)
- 鋪首/铺首
- 門首/门首 (ménshǒu)
- 開首/开首 (kāishǒu)
- 陳首/陈首
- 隕首/陨首 (yǔnshǒu)
- 面首 (miànshǒu)
- 韻首/韵首
- 頂首/顶首
- 頓首/顿首 (dùnshǒu)
- 頷首/颔首 (hànshǒu)
- 頭首/头首
- 風流班首/风流班首
- 饅首/馒首
- 首七
- 首下尻高
- 首丘
- 首丘之念
- 首丘之思
- 首丘之情
- 首丘之望
- 首丘夙願/首丘夙愿
- 首事 (shǒushì)
- 首人
- 首倡 (shǒuchàng)
- 首倡義舉/首倡义举
- 首先 (shǒuxiān)
- 首創/首创 (shǒuchuàng)
- 首功 (shǒugōng)
- 首呈
- 首告
- 首唱
- 首唱義兵/首唱义兵
- 首唱義舉/首唱义举
- 首善
- 首善之區/首善之区 (shǒushànzhīqū)
- 首善之地 (shǒushànzhīdì)
- 首如飛蓬/首如飞蓬
- 首妻
- 首富 (shǒufù)
- 首尾 (shǒuwěi)
- 首尾一貫/首尾一贯
- 首尾乖互
- 首尾兩端/首尾两端 (shǒuwěiliǎngduān)
- 首尾共濟/首尾共济
- 首尾受敵/首尾受敌
- 首尾夾攻/首尾夹攻
- 首尾狼狽/首尾狼狈
- 首尾相應/首尾相应
- 首尾相援
- 首尾相救
- 首尾相繼/首尾相继
- 首尾相衛/首尾相卫
- 首尾相赴
- 首尾相連/首尾相连
- 首尾貫通/首尾贯通
- 首屈一指 (shǒuqūyīzhǐ)
- 首展
- 首席 (shǒuxí)
- 首府 (shǒufǔ)
- 首度 (shǒudù)
- 首座 (shǒuzuò)
- 首從/首从
- 首惡/首恶 (shǒu'è)
- 首戰/首战
- 首播 (shǒubō)
- 首施 (shǒushī)
- 首施兩端/首施两端 (shǒushīliǎngduān)
- 首日封 (shǒurìfēng)
- 首映 (shǒuyìng)
- 首映典禮/首映典礼
- 首時/首时
- 首服 (shǒufú)
- 首演 (shǒuyǎn)
- 首犯 (shǒufàn)
- 首狀/首状
- 首當其衝/首当其冲 (shǒudāngqíchōng)
- 首相 (shǒuxiàng)
- 首相府 (shǒuxiàngfǔ)
- 首級/首级 (shǒují)
- 首縣/首县
- 首義/首义 (shǒuyì)
- 首義路/首义路 (Shǒuyìlù)
- 首肯 (shǒukěn)
- 首腦/首脑 (shǒunǎo)
- 首航 (shǒuháng)
- 首薦/首荐
- 首要 (shǒuyào)
- 首謀/首谋
- 首足異處/首足异处
- 首路
- 首身
- 首身分離/首身分离
- 首車/首车
- 首輪/首轮 (shǒulún)
- 首輪片/首轮片
- 首途 (shǒutú)
- 首都 (shǒudū)
- 首長/首长 (shǒuzhǎng)
- 首長制/首长制
- 首開紀錄/首开纪录
- 首陀羅/首陀罗 (shǒutuóluó)
- 首陽山/首阳山
- 首頁/首页 (shǒuyè)
- 首領/首领 (shǒulǐng)
- 首飾/首饰 (shǒushì)
- 首鼠 (shǒushǔ)
- 首鼠兩端/首鼠两端 (shǒushǔliǎngduān)
- 首鼠模棱
- 馬首是瞻/马首是瞻 (mǎshǒushìzhān)
- 驀然回首/蓦然回首
- 驤首/骧首
- 魁首 (kuíshǒu)
- 鶉首/鹑首
- 鷁首/鹢首 (yìshǒu)
- 黔首 (qiánshǒu)
- 點首/点首
- 黥首 (qíngshǒu)
- 龍首/龙首
References
edit- “首”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
- Kun: くび (kubi, 首, Jōyō)、おびと (obito, 首)、こうべ (kōbe, 首)、しるし (shirushi, 首)、つかさ (tsukasa, 首)、かしら (kashira, 首)、はじめ (hajime, 首め)、もうす (mōsu, 首す)
- Nanori: おびと (obito)、こべ (kobe)、す (su)
Compounds
edit- 機首 (kishu)
Etymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
首 |
くび Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
頸 頚 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kunpi.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- neck (part of the body connecting head and torso)
- the neck and head as a whole
- dismissal from employment
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
首 |
おびと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Shift from Old Japanese 大人 (opobito, “boss, chief”, literally “big person”).[2][3]
/opobito/ → /obito/
Pronunciation
editNoun
editSee also
editEtymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
首 |
こうべ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[2]
Analyzed as a shift from earlier kamipe, as a compound of either 上 (kami, “upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”) with the suffix 方 (he, “location”).[2][3]
/kamipe/ → /kampe/ → /kaube/ → /kɔːbe/ → /koːbe/
Noun
edit- Alternative spelling of 頭 (“head”) (part of the body)
- 2021 September 10, Eve (lyrics and music), “遊生夢死 [Live Playing, Die Dreaming]”:
- 遊生夢死
才能ない脳内 唱えよシスターズ
首を垂れることしかないの- Yūsei bōshi
Sainō nai nōnai tonaeyo shisutāzu
Kōbe o tareru koto shika nai no - Live playing, die dreaming
Chant inside my talentless brain, sisters
All I can do is bow down
- Yūsei bōshi
Etymology 4
editKanji in this term |
---|
首 |
しゅ Grade: 2 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX|syuwH).
Pronunciation
editCounter
editNoun
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 首 (MC syuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈〮 (syú) (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit首: Hán Nôm readings: thủ, thú, siều
Compounds
edit- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- CJKV simplified characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Eastern Min classifiers
- Hokkien classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Middle Chinese classifiers
- Old Chinese classifiers
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 首
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- zh:Anatomy
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くび
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おびと
- Japanese kanji with kun reading こうべ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しるし
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つかさ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かしら
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ・め
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もう・す
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おびと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こべ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading す
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as くび
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 首
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as おびと
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as こうべ
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 首 read as しゅ
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese counters
- Japanese terms with rare senses
- ja:Anatomy
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals