-ia

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood
‎covard (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎covardia (“cowardice”)
forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship
‎comptador (“accountant”) + ‎-ia → ‎comptadoria (“accounting”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎occità (“Occitan”) + ‎-ia → ‎Occitània (“Occitanie”)

Derived terms edit

Catalan terms suffixed with -ia

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-idak, from Proto-Uralic *-j-.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-iɑˣ/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix edit

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, stem -i-, linguistic notation -i- or -iA)

Forms primarily transitive verbs describing repeating (frequentative) or continuous (continuative) action.

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (verbal)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix edit

-ia

(in borrowings) Forms place names.

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (place)

Etymology 3 edit

From Latin -ia and Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix edit

-ia

(in borrowings) -y (forms abstract nouns from Latin or Greek roots)

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (nominal)

Etymology 4 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-jak, an old *k-lative of *-ja (denominative place name suffix).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-iɑ(ˣ)/, [-iɑ̝(ʔ)]

Suffix edit

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, linguistic notation -iA)

Forms some adverbs, mainly with a directional meaning.

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -ia (adverbial)

Etymology 5 edit

See -ea.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ̝]

Suffix edit

-ia (front vowel harmony variant -iä, linguistic notation -iA) (dialectal)

Alternative form of -ea

Usage notes edit

Used in the same way as the standard -ea: e.g. korkia "high", standard korkea.
Commonly associated with both Northern and Southern Ostrobothnian dialects, but also the predominant type in Peräpohja and southeastern (aka "Karelian") dialects.
This form was standard until the 19th century, when it was replaced by the current standard -ea.

References edit

Erkki Savolainen, 1998, compiled for the University of Eastern Finland (archived page)

Anagrams edit

ai

Ingrian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-idak. Cognates include Finnish -ia.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

Suffix edit

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

Used to form continuative verbs from other verbs.
‎hypätä (“to jump”) + ‎-ia → ‎hyppiä (“to hop”)
Used to form transitive verbs describing a continuous action with a nominal.
‎nokka (“beak”) + ‎-ia → ‎nokkia (“to peck”)
Used to form intransitive verbs describing the creation of a nominal.
‎kukka (“flower”) + ‎-ia → ‎kukkia (“to blossom”)

‎poika (“young”) + ‎-ia → ‎poikia (“to calve”)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -ia (type 7/oppia, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -i	1st singular	oon -int, oon -inut	en oo -int, en oo -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -i	2nd singular	oot -int, oot -inut	et oo -int, et oo -inut
3rd singular	-ii	ei -i	3rd singular	ono -int, ono -inut	ei oo -int, ei oo -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -i	1st plural	oomma -ineet	emmä oo -ineet
2nd plural	-itta	että -i	2nd plural	ootta -ineet	että oo -ineet
3rd plural	-iit¹⁾, -ivat²⁾, -itaa	evät -i, ei -ita	3rd plural	ovat -ineet	evät oo -ineet, ei oo -ittu
impersonal	-itaa	ei -ita	impersonal	ono -ittu	ei oo -ittu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-in	en -int, en -inut	1st singular	olin -int, olin -inut	en olt -int, en olt -inut
2nd singular	-it	et -int, et -inut	2nd singular	olit -int, olit -inut	et olt -int, et olt -inut
3rd singular	-i	ei -int, ei -inut	3rd singular	oli -int, oli -inut	ei olt -int, ei olt -inut
1st plural	-imma	emmä -ineet	1st plural	olimma -ineet	emmä olleet -ineet
2nd plural	-itta	että -ineet	2nd plural	olitta -ineet	että olleet -ineet
3rd plural	-iit¹⁾, -ivat²⁾, -ittii	evät -ineet, ei -ittu	3rd plural	olivat -ineet	evät olleet -ineet, ei olt -ittu
impersonal	-ittii	ei -ittu	impersonal	oli -ittu	ei olt -ittu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	-isin	en -is	1st singular	olisin -int, olisin -inut	en olis -int, en olis -inut
2nd singular	-isit, -iist¹⁾	et -is	2nd singular	olisit -int, olisit -inut	et olis -int, et olis -inut
3rd singular	-is	ei -is	3rd singular	olis -int, olis -inut	ei olis -int, ei olis -inut
1st plural	-isimma	emmä -is	1st plural	olisimma -ineet	emmä olis -ineet
2nd plural	-isitta	että -is	2nd plural	olisitta -ineet	että olis -ineet
3rd plural	-isiit¹⁾, -isivat²⁾, -ittais	evät -is, ei -ittais	3rd plural	olisivat -ineet	evät olis -ineet, ei olis -ittu
impersonal	-ittais	ei -ittais	impersonal	olis -ittu	ei olis -ittu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	-i	elä -i	2nd singular	oo -int, oo -inut	elä oo -int, elä oo -inut
3rd singular	-ikoo	elköö -iko	3rd singular	olkoo -int, olkoo -inut	elköö olko -int, elköö olko -inut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	-ikaa	elkää -iko	2nd plural	olkaa -ineet	elkää olko -ineet
3rd plural	-ikoot	elkööt -iko, elköö -ittako	3rd plural	olkoot -ineet	elkööt olko -ineet, elköö olko -ittu
impersonal	-ittakkoo	elköö -ittako	impersonal	olkoo -ittu	elköö olko -ittu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	-inen	en -ine
2nd singular	-inet	et -ine
3rd singular	-inoo	ei -ine
1st plural	-inemma	emmä -ine
2nd plural	-inetta	että -ine
3rd plural	-inoot	evät -ine, ei -ittane
impersonal	-ittannoo	ei -ittane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		-ia	present	-iva	-ittava
2nd	inessive	-ijees	past	-int, -inut	-ittu
2nd	instructive	-ien	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-ikaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	-imaa
	inessive	-imaas
	elative	-imast
	abessive	-imata
4th	nominative	-imiin
	partitive	-imista, -imist

Derived terms edit

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ia (continuative)

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Finnic *-ëda. Cognates include Finnish -ea and Estonian -e.

Pronunciation edit

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-iɑ/, [-iɑ]

Suffix edit

-ia (front vowel variant -iä)

Used to form adjectives from nouns and verbs.
‎pöörä (“wheel”) + ‎-ia → ‎pööriä (“round”)

Declension edit

Declension of -ia (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ia	-iat
genitive	-ian	-ioin
partitive	-iaa	-ioja
illative	-iaa	-ioihe
inessive	-iaas	-iois
elative	-iast	-ioist
allative	-ialle	-ioille
adessive	-iaal	-ioil
ablative	-ialt	-ioilt
translative	-iaks	-ioiks
essive	-ianna, -iaan	-ioinna, -ioin
exessive¹⁾	-iant	-ioint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms edit

Ingrian terms suffixed with -ia (adjective)

Interlingua edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from English -ia, French -ie, Italian -ia, Portuguese -ia/Spanish -ía, all ultimately from Latin -ia, from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/

Suffix edit

^{The template Template:ia-suffix does not use the parameter(s): 1=n
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

-ia

forms nouns from ethnonyms or personal names, denoting a country, province or region; -ia, -y
‎arabe (“Arab”) + ‎-ia → ‎Arabia (“Arabia”)

‎scoto (“Scot”) + ‎-ia → ‎Scotia (“Scotland”)

‎bulgare (“Buglar(ian)”) + ‎-ia → ‎Bulgaria (“Bulgaria”)
forms nouns from nouns, denoting a quality, status or jurisdiction; -y, -cy,-ness, -ity, -hood
‎coarde (“coward”) + ‎-ia → ‎coardia (“cowardice”)

‎infante (“baby, infant”) + ‎-ia → ‎infantia (“childhood, infancy”)

‎abbate (“abbot”) + ‎-ia → ‎abbatia (“abbacy”)

‎capitano (“captain”) + ‎-ia → ‎capitania (“captaincy”)
forms nouns from nouns, denoting an art, science, practice or establishment; -y
‎geologo (“geologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎geologia (“geology”)

‎radiotoxicologo (“radiotoxicologist”) + ‎-ia → ‎radiotoxicologia (“radiotoxicology”)

‎idolatra (“idolater”) + ‎-ia → ‎idolatria (“idolatry”)

‎bottinero (“cobbler, shoemaker”) + ‎-ia → ‎bottineria (“cobblery, shoemaking; cobbler's, shoemaker's shop”)

Usage notes edit

Note that the i of the suffix -ia bears the stress.

Derived terms edit

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -ia not found

References edit

Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Italian edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈi.a/
Rhymes: -ia
Hyphenation: -ì‧a

Suffix edit

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

derives abstract nouns denoting a state or condition from adjectives or nouns
‎allegro (“cheerful”, “happy”) + ‎-ia → ‎allegria (“joy”, “happiness”)

‎tiranno (“tyrant”) + ‎-ia → ‎tirannia (“tyranny”)
derives abstract nouns denoting a collective group or a social condition
‎compagno (“companion”) + ‎-ia → ‎compagnia (“company”)

‎borghese (“bourgeois”) + ‎-ia → ‎borghesia (“bourgeoisie”)
added to ethnonyms to derive place names
‎andaluso (“Andalusian”) + ‎-ia → ‎Andalusia (“Andalusia”)
used to derive technical and scientific terms, especially from Ancient Greek terms

Derived terms edit

Italian terms suffixed with -ia (stressed)

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin -ia, ultimately from the same source as above.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ja/
- Hyphenation: -ia
(after palatal consonants) IPA^(key): /a/

Suffix edit

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ie)

(no longer productive) derivative suffix (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

Partially from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā), -ία (-ía) and -εια (-eia), and so ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. This suffix may also represent a substantivization of the feminine form of -ius.

Suffix edit

-ia f (genitive -iae); first declension

Used to form a first declension feminine abstract noun, usually from an adjective ending in -us, or (rarely in later Latin) one ending in -ius, or from a present participle stem, and occasionally from a root noun.
affixed to participles:
‎absēns + ‎-ia → ‎absentia

‎dēmēns + ‎-ia → ‎dēmentia

‎valēns + ‎-ia → ‎valentia

affixed to adjectives:
‎audāx + ‎-ia → ‎audācia

‎angustus + ‎-ia → ‎angustia

‎fācundus + ‎-ia → ‎fācundia

‎ignāvus + ‎-ia → ‎ignāvia

‎opulentus + ‎-ia → ‎opulentia

affixed to nouns:
‎custōs + ‎-ia → ‎custōdia

‎mīles + ‎-ia → ‎mīlitia

‎victor + ‎-ia → ‎victōria

‎gōgrāvius + ‎-ia → ‎gōgrāvia (Medieval Latin)
Used to form country names
‎Graecus + ‎-ia → ‎Graecia

‎Gallus + ‎-ia → ‎Gallia

‎Dācus + ‎-ia → ‎Dācia

‎Thrāx + ‎-ia → ‎Thrācia

‎Hispānus + ‎-ia → ‎Hispānia

‎Britannus + ‎-ia → ‎Britannia

‎Germānus + ‎-ia → ‎Germānia

Declension edit

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-ia	-iae
Genitive	-iae	-iārum
Dative	-iae	-iīs
Accusative	-iam	-iās
Ablative	-iā	-iīs
Vocative	-ia	-iae

Synonyms edit

-iēs

Derived terms edit

Latin terms suffixed with -ia

Descendants edit

Old French: -ie
- Middle French: -ie
  - French: -ie
- → Middle High German: -ie
- → Middle English: -ie
  - English: -y, -ie
Sicilian: -ia

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix edit

-ia

nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of -s

Maori edit

Suffix edit

-ia

a passive ending

Derived terms edit

Category Maori terms suffixed with -ia not found

Polish edit

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Latin -ia and/or Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā). Doublet of -a.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ja/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: -ia

Suffix edit

-ia f

-ia
‎akuszer + ‎-ia → ‎akuszeria

Declension edit

Declension of -ia

	singular	plural
nominative	-ia	-ie
genitive	-ii	-ii/-ij (archaic)
dative	-ii	-iom
accusative	-ię	-ie
instrumental	-ią	-iami
locative	-ii	-iach
vocative	-io	-ie

Derived terms edit

Polish terms suffixed with -ia

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɐ/

Rhymes: -iɐ

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ias)

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood
Synonyms: -idade, -ção

‎alegre (“joyful”) + ‎-ia → ‎alegria (“joy”)
(medicine) forms the names of medical conditions; -y; -ia
‎acéfalo (“acephalous”) + ‎-ia → ‎acefalia (“acephaly”)
forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship
Synonyms: -ado, -ato

‎governador (“governor”) + ‎-ia → ‎governadoria (“the job or office of a governor”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasília (“Brasilia”)

Derived terms edit

Portuguese terms suffixed with -ia

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -ia, from Latin -ēbam (first person) and -ēbat (third person). Cognate with Galician and Spanish -ía.

Suffix edit

-ia

a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[I] used to eat”)

‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[I] used to unite”)
a suffix indicating the third-person singular indicative imperfect of a verb in -er and -ir
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comia (“[he/she/it] used to eat”)

‎unir (“to unite”) + ‎-ia → ‎unia (“[he/she/it] used to unite”)

Etymology 3 edit

Reduced form of havia, imperfect of haver.

Suffix edit

-ia

appended to the infinitive, forms the first-person singular and third-person singular conditional of verbs
‎comer (“to eat”) + ‎-ia → ‎comeria (“I/he/she/it would eat”)

Spanish edit

Suffix edit

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ias)

appears in feminine nouns, generally abstract, mostly inherited from Latin; -y
‎eficaz (“efficient”) + ‎-ia → ‎eficacia (“efficiency”)
forms placenames; -y; -ia
‎Brasil (“Brazil”) + ‎-ia → ‎Brasilia (“Brasilia”)

Derived terms edit

Spanish terms suffixed with -ia

Swahili edit

Alternative forms edit

-lia/-lea

Suffix edit

-ia (mid vowel harmony variant -ea)

for (directed at, intended to belong to), applicative suffix
‎-lipa (“to pay”) + ‎-ia → ‎-lipia (“to pay for”)

‎-jibu (“to answer”) + ‎-ia → ‎-jibia (“to answer to/for”)

‎-soma (“to read”) + ‎-ea → ‎-somea (“to read to/for”)

Derived terms edit

Swahili terms suffixed with -ia

Swahili applicative verbs

-ia

Translingual edit

Etymology edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Synonyms edit

See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Anagrams edit

Catalan edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Finnish edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Ingrian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Conjugation edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Interlingua edit

Etymology edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Usage notes edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

Italian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

Derived terms edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

Declension edit

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit