Wiktionary

al

See also: Appendix:Variations of "al"

TranslingualEdit

Alternative formsEdit

SymbolEdit

al

  1. (metrology) Symbol for attoliter (attolitre), an SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10−18 liters (litres).

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Hindi आल (āl).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /æl/, /ɑːl/
  • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æl, -ɑːl

NounEdit

al (usually uncountable, plural als)

  1. The Indian mulberry, Morinda citrifolia, especially as used to make dye.

TranslationsEdit

Indian mulberry — see Indian mulberry

ReferencesEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch al, from Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

al

  1. already

AdjectiveEdit

al (attributive alle, not comparable)

  1. all; every

ConjunctionEdit

al

  1. even though, although

AsturianEdit

ContractionEdit

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a el (“to the”).

BasqueEdit

EtymologyEdit

A grammaticalization of ahal.[1]

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

al

  1. Used to form yes/no questions.
    Esan al diozu? ― Did you tell her?

Usage notesEdit

It is placed before the verb.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ “ahal” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Further readingEdit

  • “al” in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia, euskaltzaindia.eus
  • “al” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia, euskaltzaindia.eus

BretonEdit

ArticleEdit

al

  1. the

See alsoEdit

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

ContractionEdit

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the; to the”).
    Vaig al zoo. ― I go to the zoo.

Usage notesEdit

When el contracts to l' before a vowel, al is not used:

Ens veurem a l'aeroport. ― We'll meet at the airport.

Further readingEdit

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse allr (“all”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

al (neuter alt, plural alle)

  1. all
  2. any

DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Dutch al, from Old Dutch al, from Proto-West Germanic *all.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

al

  1. all, all of
    Heb je al het bier opgedronken? ― Did you drink all the beer?
    Van Gogh produceerde al zijn werk gedurende een periode van slechts tien jaar. ― Van Gogh produced all of his work during a period of only ten years.
    Alle olie is uit de tanker gelekt. ― All the oil has leaked out of the tanker.
    Niet alle mensen zijn zo gemeen. ― Not all people are that mean.

InflectionEdit

Inflection of al
uninflected al
inflected alle
comparative —
positive
predicative/adverbial
indefinite m./f. sing. alle
n. sing. al
plural alle
definite alle
partitive

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Afrikaans: al
  • Jersey Dutch: ā, āl, ālle (from the inflected form)
  • Negerhollands: al, alda
  • → Aukan: ala
  • → Sranan Tongo: ala

Related termsEdit

AdverbEdit

al

  1. already
    Het is al negen uur. ― It's 9 o'clock already.
  2. yet
    Heb je al een kip gekocht? ― Have you bought a chicken yet?

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

ConjunctionEdit

al

  1. even
    Al zou ik het willen... ― Even if I wanted to...
    Synonym: ook al

AnagramsEdit

EmilianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin ille (“that”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /al/
  • Hyphenation: al

PronounEdit

al (personal)

  1. (nominative case) he
  2. (accusative case) him

Alternative formsEdit

  • Becomes l- before a vowel.
  • Becomes -el when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
  • Becomes -l when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

Related termsEdit

Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number Person Gender Disjunctive
(tonic) 		Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Reflexive
(-self) 		Comitative
(with)
Singular First — mè a me mêg
Second — tè et te têg
Third Masculine ló al ge se sêg
Feminine lê la
Plural First Masculine nuēter a se nōsk
Feminine nuētri
Second Masculine vuēter a ve vōsk
Feminine vuētri
Third Masculine lôr i ge se sêg
Feminine el li

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Likely from Italian al, Catalan al, and Spanish al.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

al

  1. to; toward
  2. to (indicates indirect object)
    Ŝi donis la libron al siaj gepatroj. ― She gave the book to her (own) parents.

Related termsEdit

  • alaĵo (“appendix, addendum”)
  • aligi (“add, join”)
  • aliĝi (“join, enroll”)

Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

Contraction of French ale, from French aller.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

al

  1. to go
    Synonym: ale

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uralic *ëla (“space, area under something, under(neath), the lower (part)”). (Spelled *ala in Uralonet.) Originally it was a noun; today it is used in compound words, see al-.[1]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. (archaic, rare) lower part of something

DeclensionEdit

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative al alok
accusative alt alokat
dative alnak aloknak
instrumental allal alokkal
causal-final alért alokért
translative allá alokká
terminative alig alokig
essive-formal alként alokként
essive-modal — —
inessive alban alokban
superessive alon alokon
adessive alnál aloknál
illative alba alokba
sublative alra alokra
allative alhoz alokhoz
elative alból alokból
delative alról alokról
ablative altól aloktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		alé aloké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		aléi alokéi
Possessive forms of al
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. alom aljaim
2nd person sing. alod aljaid
3rd person sing. alja aljai
1st person plural alunk aljaink
2nd person plural alotok aljaitok
3rd person plural aljuk aljaik

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Entry #7 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.

Further readingEdit

  • al in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • al in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2022)

IcelandicEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alur

IdoEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a la (“to the”).

Usage notesEdit

This is optional, you can also use a l'...

IngrianEdit

Spacial inflection of al
↗︎○ allative alle
○ adessive al
○↘︎ ablative alt

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *alla. Cognates include Finnish alla and Estonian all.

PronunciationEdit

PostpositionEdit

al (+ genitive)

  1. (of location) under, underneath
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[1], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135:
      Aitan al ellää kärppä.
      Under the storehouse lives a stoat.

ReferencesEdit

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 135
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 10
  • Olga I. Konkova; Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎[3], →ISBN, page 33

InterlinguaEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

IstriotEdit

ContractionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the”).
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 40:
      Che mai pioûn biela duon i’iê veisto al mondo,
      That I haven’t ever seen a more beautiful woman in the world,

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

ContractionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a il (“to the, at the”).

PrepositionEdit

al or allo or all' m (feminine all' or alla)

  1. (cooking, in the singular) with (an ingredient)
    Synonym: con
    risotto al pecorino ― rice with pecorino cheese
    risotto allo zafferano ― rice with saffron
    pasta all'aglio ― pasta with garlic

AnagramsEdit

LadinEdit

ContractionEdit

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a l (“at/to the”).

LuxembourgishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German ald, northern variant of alt, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz. Cognate with German alt, English old, Dutch oud, West Frisian âld.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

al (masculine alen, neuter aalt, comparative méi al or eeler, superlative am eelsten)

  1. old, aged
    Vun ale Mënsche kann ee villes léieren. ― There’s a lot to learn from old people.
    Antonym: jonk
  2. (of food) stale
    Dat aalt Brout kënne mer de Vulle ginn. ― We can give the stale bread to the birds.
    Antonym: frësch

DeclensionEdit

declension of al
number and gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative hien ass al si ass al et ass al si si(nn) al
nominative /
accusative 		attributive and/or after determiner alen al aalt al
independent without determiner ales aler
dative after any declined word alen aler alen alen
as first declined word alem alem

MandinkaEdit

PronounEdit

al

  1. you (personal pronoun)

See alsoEdit

Mandinka personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person nte, n, m ntolu, ntelu, n
2nd person ite, i altolu, altelu, al
3rd person ate, a itolu, itelu, y

Mauritian CreoleEdit

VerbEdit

al

  1. Medial form of ale

Michoacán NahuatlEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. water

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch al, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

al

  1. all, all of

AdverbEdit

al

  1. completely

ConjunctionEdit

al

  1. even though, no matter whether

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: al
    • Afrikaans: al
  • Limburgish: al

Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

AdverbEdit

al

  1. Alternative form of all
    • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue:
      And smale foweles maken melodye,
      That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
      (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
      And many little birds make melody
      That sleep through all the night with open eye
      (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)

DeterminerEdit

al

  1. Alternative form of all
    • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
      And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge.
      And with this he was named, as I believe worthily, an excellent ruly and innocent man in all his living.

Northern KurdishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

al m

  1. side
    Synonyms: alî, la

Etymology 2Edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

NounEdit

al f

  1. flag, banner
    Synonym: ala

Norwegian NynorskEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From ala (“to foster, breed”).

NounEdit

al n (definite singular alet, indefinite plural al, definite plural ala)

  1. nourishing, fostering
  2. a young (farm) animal that one has bred
  3. breeding

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

al

  1. imperative of ala

ReferencesEdit

OccitanEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Audio (Languedocien)(file)

ContractionEdit

al m sg

  1. Contraction of a lo (“to the; at the”).

Old DutchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include Old High German al and Old Saxon al.

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. all, every
    • 11th century, Hebban olla vogala:
      Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan
      All birds have started to build their nests
  2. whole, entire
    • 10th century, Wachtendonck Psalms:
      An allero erthon fuor luit.
      Over the entire world the sound spread.

InflectionEdit

Declension of al
Strong declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative al alle al alle al allu
accusative allan alle al alle alla allu
genitive allis allro allis allro allro allrō
dative allon allon allon allon allro allon
Weak declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative allo allu alla allu alla allu
accusative allin allin alla allin allin allin
genitive allin allno allin allno allin allno
dative allin allon allin allon allin allon


AdverbEdit

al

  1. completely, wholly
    • ca. 1100, Leiden Willeram:
      Sin buch is elphondbeinin, al underskeithet mit saphiris.
      His stomach is of ivory, wholly decorated with sapphires.

ConjunctionEdit

al

  1. even though
    • ca. 1200, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible:
      Ire beider sculde waren grozlich, al newæren sie nieht gelich.
      Both their debts were great, even though they weren't equal.

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle Dutch: al
    • Dutch: al
      • Afrikaans: al
    • Limburgish: al

Further readingEdit

  • “al (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
  • “al (III)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
  • “al (IV)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *ail, from Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).[1]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

āl n

  1. fire

DeclensionEdit

Declension of al (strong-a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative āl āl
accusative āl āl
genitive āles āla
dative āle ālum

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ailida-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 11

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

ContractionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a le (“to the”).

Old High GermanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *all.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. all
  2. every, each
  3. whole
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, whence also Old English ǣl, Old Norse áll.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

āl m

  1. eel
DeclensionEdit
Declension of āl (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative āl āla
accusative āl āla
genitive āles ālo
dative āle ālum
instrumental ālu —
DescendantsEdit
  • Middle High German: āl

ReferencesEdit

  • Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer

Old NorseEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. indefinite accusative/dative singular of alr

VerbEdit

al

  1. second-person singular active imperative of ala

Old SaxonEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *allaz.

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. all
DeclensionEdit
Declension of al
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative al alle al allu al alle
accusative allana alle al allu alla alle
genitive alles allarō alles allarō allaro allarō
dative allumu allum allumu allum allaro allum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative allo allu alla allu alla allu
accusative allun allun alla allun allun allun
genitive allun allonō allun allonō allun allonō
dative allun allum allun allum allun allum


DescendantsEdit
  • Middle Low German: al, alle
    • German Low German: all, alle (Münsterländisch; Sauerländisch), olle (Paderbornisch)

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Germanic *ēlaz. Cognate with Old English ǣl, Dutch aal, Old High German āl (German Aal), Old Norse áll (Danish and Swedish ål).

NounEdit

āl m

  1. eel

Old SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse áll, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

āl m

  1. eel

DeclensionEdit

  Declension of al (strong a-stem)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative āler ālrin ālar ālanir, ālaner
accusative āl ālin āla ālana
dative āli, āle ālinum, ālenom ālum, ālom ālumin, ālomen
genitive āls ālsins āla ālanna

DescendantsEdit

PolishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From German Aal.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /al/
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: al

NounEdit

al m anim

  1. (Upper Silesia) eel
    Synonym: węgorz

Further readingEdit

  • al in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • al in Polish dictionaries at PWN

PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese al, from Vulgar Latin *ale, from Latin aliud, from Proto-Indo-European *ályos.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

al

  1. (obsolete) everything, the rest
    Synonym: o resto
  2. (obsolete) other, another
    Synonym: outro

Related termsEdit

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin illum, from ille.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

al m or n sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural ai, feminine/neuter plural ale)

  1. of (masculine/neuter singular possessive or genitive article)
    el este un prieten al meu ― he is a friend of mine.

See alsoEdit

Saterland FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian all, from Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include West Frisian al and Dutch al.

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

al

  1. already

ReferencesEdit

  • Marron C. Fort (2015), “al”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

ContractionEdit

al

  1. Contraction of a el (“at the, to the”).

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

SumauEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. a tree species of the family Combretaceae, Terminalia impediens

Further readingEdit

SumerianEdit

RomanizationEdit

al

  1. Romanization of 𒀠 (al)

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish al, from Old Norse ǫlr (compare Icelandic elri, Danish el, Norwegian older), from Proto-Germanic *aluz, *alusō (compare English alder), variant of *alizō, *alisō (compare Dutch els, German Erle), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élisos.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

al c

  1. alder (tree)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of al 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative al alen alar alarna
Genitive als alens alars alarnas

AnagramsEdit

TatarEdit

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. Latin spelling of ал (al)

TurkishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Ottoman Turkish آل‎ (al), from Proto-Turkic *āl, *Āl (“red, crimson”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰞‎ (āl) and akin to Mongolian ал (al).

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. dark red, blood red, crimson
See alsoEdit

NounEdit

al (definite accusative alı, plural allar)

  1. dark red, blood red, crimson
DeclensionEdit
Inflection
Nominative al
Definite accusative alı
Singular Plural
Nominative al allar
Definite accusative alı alları
Dative ala allara
Locative alda allarda
Ablative aldan allardan
Genitive alın alların
Possessive forms
Nominative
Singular Plural
1st singular alım allarım
2nd singular alın alların
3rd singular alı alları
1st plural alımız allarımız
2nd plural alınız allarınız
3rd plural alları alları
Definite accusative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımı allarımı
2nd singular alını allarını
3rd singular alını allarını
1st plural alımızı allarımızı
2nd plural alınızı allarınızı
3rd plural allarını allarını
Dative
Singular Plural
1st singular alıma allarıma
2nd singular alına allarına
3rd singular alına allarına
1st plural alımıza allarımıza
2nd plural alınıza allarınıza
3rd plural allarına allarına
Locative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımda allarımda
2nd singular alında allarında
3rd singular alında allarında
1st plural alımızda allarımızda
2nd plural alınızda allarınızda
3rd plural allarında allarında
Ablative
Singular Plural
1st singular alımdan allarımdan
2nd singular alından allarından
3rd singular alından allarından
1st plural alımızdan allarımızdan
2nd plural alınızdan allarınızdan
3rd plural allarından allarından
Genitive
Singular Plural
1st singular alımın allarımın
2nd singular alının allarının
3rd singular alının allarının
1st plural alımızın allarımızın
2nd plural alınızın allarınızın
3rd plural allarının allarının

See alsoEdit

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text)
     beyaz, ak      gri, boz      siyah, kara
             kırmızı, kızıl; al              turuncu; kahverengi, boz              sarı; bej
             limon çürüğü              yeşil             
             camgöbeği; turkuaz              gök, mavi              lacivert
             eflatun; mor              pembe; mor              yavruağzı

ReferencesEdit

  • Tokat, Feyza (2014), “On the Common Words in Mongolian and the Turkish Dialects in Turkey”, in The Journal of International Social Research (Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)‎[4], volume 7, issue 32, ISSN 1307-9581, pages 185-198.

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Turkic *Āl.

NounEdit

al

  1. (dated) trick, trap

Etymology 3Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

al

  1. second-person imperative of almak
    Antonym: alma

VenetianEdit

PrepositionEdit

al

  1. to the
  2. at the

ArticleEdit

al m sg

  1. (Belluno) Alternative form of el

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *alla; related to Finnish alla.

PostpositionEdit

al

  1. under, underneath (stationary location)

Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “под”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

VolapükEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from German all and English all.

AdjectiveEdit

al

  1. each
  2. every

WatubelaEdit

NounEdit

al

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

West FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognate with English all.

DeterminerEdit

al

  1. all

InflectionEdit

This determiner needs an inflection-table template.

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

AdverbEdit

al

  1. already

Further readingEdit

  • “al”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

YolaEdit

PronounEdit

al

  1. Alternative form of aul
    • 1927, “PAUDEEN FOUGHLAAN'S WEDDEEN”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, line 18:
      An al.
      And all.

ReferencesEdit

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 133
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