灰
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Translingual
edit| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Traditional | 灰 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 灰 |
| Japanese | 灰 |
| Korean | 灰 |
Han character
edit灰 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大火 (KF), four-corner 40809 or 71289, composition ⿸𠂇火(GHTK) or ⿸厂火(JV or U+2F835))
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18859
- Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2188, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7070
Chinese
edit| trad. | 灰 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 灰 | |
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 灰 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
|
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 火 (“fire”) – fire that can be touched with the hand (ash). 又 has been modified to 𠂇; compare 友 (“friend”), 右 (“right”).
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷut ~ hwut (“ashes, dust”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wu). Compare Mizo vutᴸ, Apatani mù-bu, Manipuri ut, Northern Tujia bu³ ci².
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hui1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуэй (huey, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fi1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hui1
- Northern Min (KCR): hó
- Eastern Min (BUC): huŏi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1hue
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fei1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huei
- Wade–Giles: hui1
- Yale: hwēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huei
- Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hui1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xui
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuei⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуэй (huey, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuɛi²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fui1
- Yale: fūi
- Cantonese Pinyin: fui1
- Guangdong Romanization: fui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: foi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fᵘɔi³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɨi⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fôi
- Hakka Romanization System: foi´
- Hagfa Pinyim: foi1
- Sinological IPA: /foi̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hui1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuei¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hó
- Sinological IPA (key): /xo⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huŏi
- Sinological IPA (key): /hui⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- he/her - vernacular;
- hoe - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê1 / hui1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue / hui
- Sinological IPA (key): /hue³³/, /hui³³/
Note: hui1 - alternative pronunciation when meaning "grey" (灰色).
Note:
- hue1 - vernacular;
- hui1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 灰 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xuei⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /xuei⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /xuei²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /xuei²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /xue²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xuei²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /xuei²¹/ | |
| Xining | /xuɨ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xuei⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xuei³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xuei⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /xuei⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xuei⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /xuei⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /xuei⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /xuəi³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /xue²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xuei¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /xuæ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /xuei³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hue⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /hue̞⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /hui³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /fai³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xuɛ³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /xuə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /fei³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɸəi³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /fɨi⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /foi⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /foi²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fui⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /fui⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /fui⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hue⁵⁵/ /he⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huoi⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xo⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /hue³³/ /hui³³/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /hui²³/ /hu²³/ /hue²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: xwoj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯː/
Definitions
edit灰
- ash
- dust
- lime; mortar
- gray
- 灰色 ― huīsè ― gray (color)
- disheartened
- (～日) (telegraphy) the tenth day of a month
- (Cantonese, slang) powdered drug; heroin
Synonyms
edit- (dust):
- (disheartened):
- 低沉 (dīchén)
- 低落 (dīluò)
- 冷館／冷馆 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 喪氣／丧气
- 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
- 失望 (shīwàng)
- 失落 (shīluò)
- 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
- 幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
- 悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
- 悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
- 愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
- 憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
- 慘沮／惨沮 (cǎnjǔ) (literary)
- 憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
- 憋悶／憋闷
- 懊喪／懊丧 (àosàng)
- 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
- 沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
- 沉抑 (chényì)
- 沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù) (literary)
- 沮喪／沮丧 (jǔsàng)
- 消極／消极 (xiāojí)
- 消沉 (xiāochén)
- 灰心 (huīxīn)
- 灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
- 煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
- 神傷／神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
- 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
- 苦悶／苦闷 (kǔmèn)
- 萎靡
- 陰暗／阴暗 (yīn'àn)
- 陰沉／阴沉 (yīnchén)
- 頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
- 頹喪／颓丧 (tuísàng)
- 頹廢／颓废 (tuífèi)
- 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
- 鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
- 鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
- 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
- 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
- 齪嘈／龊嘈 (Hokkien)
- (heroin):
Compounds
edit- 一鼻子灰
- 不灰木
- 冷灰爆豆
- 凝灰岩 (nínghuīyán)
- 劫灰
- 叉灰泥
- 吹灰
- 吹灰之力 (chuīhuīzhīlì)
- 土灰
- 坑灰未冷
- 塔灰
- 寂若死灰
- 寒灰
- 小灰人 (xiǎohuīrén)
- 心如寒灰
- 心如死灰
- 心灰 (xīnhuī)
- 心灰意冷 (xīnhuīyìlěng)
- 心灰意懶／心灰意懒 (xīnhuīyìlǎn)
- 心灰意敗／心灰意败
- 心若死灰
- 意懶心灰／意懒心灰
- 扒灰 (páhuī)
- 打灰堆
- 抖灰
- 抹土搽灰
- 挫骨揚灰／挫骨扬灰
- 搽灰抹土
- 搽灰抹粉
- 撣灰／掸灰
- 昆池劫灰
- 木形灰心
- 朽木死灰
- 枯形灰心
- 枯木死灰
- 槁木死灰
- 死灰 (sǐhuī)
- 死灰復然／死灰复然
- 死灰復燎／死灰复燎
- 死灰復燃／死灰复燃 (sǐhuīfùrán)
- 死灰槁木
- 泥灰
- 油灰 (yóuhuī)
- 洋灰 (yánghuī)
- 消石灰 (xiāoshíhuī)
- 清灰冷灶
- 灰不喇唧
- 灰不溜丟／灰不溜丢
- 灰不蹓丟／灰不蹓丢
- 灰不蹓秋
- 灰塵／灰尘 (huīchén)
- 灰士
- 灰姑娘 (Huīgūniang)
- 灰屎
- 灰度等級／灰度等级
- 灰心 (huīxīn)
- 灰心喪意／灰心丧意
- 灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
- 灰心槁形
- 灰戶／灰户
- 灰指甲
- 灰撲撲／灰扑扑
- 灰暗 (huī'àn)
- 灰木
- 灰棚
- 灰櫬兒／灰榇儿
- 灰沒／灰没
- 灰滅／灰灭
- 灰溜溜
- 灰濛濛／灰蒙蒙 (huīméngméng)
- 灰炭
- 灰熊 (huīxióng)
- 灰燼／灰烬 (huījìn)
- 灰白 (huībái)
- 灰石
- 灰罐
- 灰脾氣／灰脾气
- 灰膛
- 灰色 (huīsè)
- 灰茫茫
- 灰蝶 (huīdié)
- 灰質／灰质 (huīzhì)
- 灰身粉骨
- 灰軀糜骨／灰躯糜骨
- 灰錳氧／灰锰氧 (huīměngyǎng)
- 灰陶
- 灰頂／灰顶
- 灰頭土臉／灰头土脸 (huītóutǔliǎn)
- 灰頭土臉兒／灰头土脸儿
- 灰頭土面／灰头土面
- 灰頭草面／灰头草面
- 灰飛煙滅／灰飞烟灭 (huīfēiyānmiè)
- 灰鯨／灰鲸
- 灰鶴／灰鹤
- 灰鼠 (huīshǔ)
- 炮灰 (pàohuī)
- 焚屍揚灰／焚尸扬灰
- 無灰粉筆／无灰粉笔
- 焚骨揚灰／焚骨扬灰
- 煙灰／烟灰 (yānhuī)
- 熟石灰 (shúshíhuī)
- 爐灰／炉灰 (lúhuī)
- 爬灰
- 生石灰 (shēngshíhuī)
- 白灰 (báihuī)
- 百念皆灰
- 石灰 (shíhuī)
- 石灰乳
- 石灰岩 (shíhuīyán)
- 石灰岩洞
- 石灰水 (shíhuīshuǐ)
- 石灰石 (shíhuīshí)
- 石灰窯／石灰窑 (Shíhuīyáo)
- 石灰質／石灰质
- 磷灰石 (línhuīshí)
- 萬念俱灰／万念俱灰 (wànniànjùhuī)
- 秦灰
- 粉身灰骨
- 糶灰／粜灰
- 紙灰／纸灰
- 色如死灰
- 色若死灰
- 草木灰 (cǎomùhuī)
- 草灰 (cǎohuī)
- 菸灰／烟灰 (yānhuī)
- 菸灰缸／烟灰缸 (yānhuīgāng)
- 葭灰
- 葡萄灰
- 蛤灰
- 蜃灰
- 豆秸灰
- 跳灰
- 通草灰
- 銀灰／银灰
- 銀灰色／银灰色
- 鍋臍灰／锅脐灰
- 鐵灰色／铁灰色
- 雌一頭灰／雌一头灰
- 面如死灰
- 面如灰土
- 飲灰洗胃／饮灰洗胃
- 香灰 (xiānghuī)
- 骨灰 (gǔhuī)
- 骨灰塔
- 骨灰罈／骨灰坛
Etymology 2
edit| For pronunciation and definitions of 灰 – see 烌 (“(Southern Min) dust; ash”). (This character is a variant form of 烌). |
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fiu1 / fui1
- Yale: fīu / fūi
- Cantonese Pinyin: fiu1 / fui1
- Guangdong Romanization: fiu1 / fui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fiːu̯⁵⁵/, /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
edit灰
- Used in 灰士.
References
edit- “灰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
edit| Shinjitai | 灰 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
灰󠄁 灰+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 灰󠄃 灰+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
edit灰
Readings
edit- Go-on: け (ke)←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)
- Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)←くわい (kwai, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: くい (kui)
- Kun: はい (hai, 灰, Jōyō)←はひ (fafi, 灰, historical)
Etymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 灰 |
| はい Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- ash
- 塵は塵に、灰は灰に
- chiri wa chiri ni, hai wa hai ni
- dust to dust, ashes to ashes
- 塵は塵に、灰は灰に
Derived terms
edit- 死の灰 (shinohai)
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 灰 |
| かい Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 灰 (MC xwoj).
Pronunciation
editAffix
editReferences
editKorean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit灰: Hán Nôm readings: hôi, hoi, khôi, vôi, hui, khuôi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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