雷
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
雷 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月田 (MBW), four-corner 10603, composition ⿱⻗田)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1372, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42245
- Dae Jaweon: page 1881, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4060, character 2
- Unihan data for U+96F7
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 雷 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 雷 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
| 騾 | *roːl |
| 螺 | *roːl |
| 蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
| 虆 | *roːl, *rul |
| 瘰 | *roːlʔ |
| 礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 雷 | *ruːl |
| 擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
| 櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鐳 | *ruːl |
| 畾 | *ruːl |
| 轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
| 罍 | *ruːl |
| 蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
| 癗 | *ruːlʔ |
| 磥 | *ruːlʔ |
| 累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
| 儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
| 樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
| 鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
| 嫘 | *rul |
| 纍 | *rul, *ruls |
| 欙 | *rul |
| 纝 | *rul |
| 壘 | *rulʔ |
| 櫐 | *rulʔ |
| 蘽 | *rulʔ |
| 藟 | *rulʔ |
| 讄 | *rulʔ |
Ancient simplification of 靁, which was a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ruːl): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl).
EtymologyEdit
The Min Bei initial s- may be due to the loss of a pre-initial which might have been a velar considering dialect forms in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi, e.g. Taiyuan Jin 忽雷 (hueh4 lui1) (Schuessler, 2007).
Perhaps from Sino-Tibetan. Compare Mizo râwl (“voice; cry (of an animal); sound”), Tibetan ཁྲོལ (khrol).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
雷
- lightning
- (military, weaponry, in compounds) explosive device
- (colloquial) to astonish; to shock
- (colloquial) astonishment; surprise
- Short for 雷州 (Léizhōu, “Leizhou”).
- (neologism) burdensome
- (neologism) to be burden to others
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) two
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) loyalty
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
Dialectal synonyms of 雷 (“thunder”) [map]
Usage notesEdit
- 雷 (léi) does not clearly distinguish between "lightning" and "thunder". To clarify, use 閃電／闪电 (shǎndiàn, “lightning”) or 雷聲／雷声 (léishēng, “thunder”).
- Not all military explosive devices are called 雷 (léi). Another commonly used name is 彈／弹 (dàn), which is more often used with propelled explosive weapons.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 雷
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ReferencesEdit
- “雷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #10313”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
雷
- thunder, lightning bolt
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: らい (rai, Jōyō)
- Kun: かみなり (kaminari, 雷, Jōyō); いかずち (ikazuchi, 雷)←いかづち (ikaduti, 雷, historical)
- Nanori: あずま (azuma)←あづま (aduma, historical)
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
- 雷雨 (raiu)
- 雷雲 (raiun)
- 雷管 (raikan)
- 雷撃 (raigeki)
- 雷公 (raikō)
- 雷光 (raikō)
- 雷獣 (raijū, “thunder beast”)
- 雷神 (raijin)
- 雷声 (raisei)
- 雷鳥 (raichō, “rock ptarmigan, snow grouse”)
- 雷電 (raiden)
- 雷同 (raidō)
- 雷名 (raimei)
- 雷鳴 (raimei)
- 遠雷 (enrai)
- 魚雷 (gyorai)
- 地雷 (jirai)
- 春雷 (shunrai)
- 迅雷 (jinrai)
- 地雷 (chirai)
- 爆雷 (bakurai)
- 避雷 (hirai)
- 避雷針 (hiraishin)
- 蚊雷 (bunrai)
- 落雷 (rakurai)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雷 |
| かみなり Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 神 (kami, “god, spirit”) + 鳴り (nari, “the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 鳴る (naru), “to cry out, to call””).[1][2][3]
PronunciationEdit
- (Tokyo) かみなり [kàmínáꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [3])[4][3]
- (Tokyo) かみなり [kàmínáríꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[4][3]
- IPA(key): [ka̠mʲina̠ɾʲi]
NounEdit
- thunder (loud sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air)
- Synonym: 雷鳴 (raimei)
- lightning, thunderbolt
- 1999 February 4, “サンダー・キッズ [Thunder Kid]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
- 雷をからだの中に蓄電させている。泣かせたときは危険。
- Kaminari o karada no naka ni chikuden saseteiru. Nakaseta toki wa kiken.
- He stores lightning inside his body. He’s very dangerous when he cries.
- 雷をからだの中に蓄電させている。泣かせたときは危険。
- 1999 March 1, “エレキッズ [Elekid]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
- 雷攻撃は意外と強い。甘く見ると感電するぞ。
- Kaminarikōgeki wa igai to tsuyoi. Amaku miru to kanden suru zo.
- It has a surprisingly powerful lightning attack. However, its electrocution tends to be underestimated.
- 雷攻撃は意外と強い。甘く見ると感電するぞ。
- thunder god
Usage notesEdit
This kaminari reading is the most common reading when used as a standalone noun.
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
- 神鳴 (Kaminari)
- 雷烏賊 (kaminari ika)
- 雷親父 (kaminari oyaji)
- 雷雲 (kaminarigumo)
- 雷声 (kaminarigoe)
- 雷豆腐 (kaminaridōfu)
- 雷の陣 (kaminari no jin)
- 雷鳴の壺 (Kaminari no Tsubo)
- 雷の間 (kaminari no ma)
- 雷林 (Kaminaribayashi)
- 雷干し (kaminariboshi), 雷乾し (kaminariboshi)
- 雷門 (Kaminarimon)
- 雷除け (kaminariyoke)
- 地雷 (jigaminari)
- 虫出し雷 (mushidashi kaminari)
IdiomsEdit
- 雷が落ちる (kaminari ga ochiru, “thunder comes down → to be scolded severely by a superior, to be ripped a new one”)
- 雷三日 (kaminari mikka)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雷 |
| かんなり Grade: S |
| irregular |
/kaminari/ → /kamʉnari/ → /kanːari/
Shift in pronunciation from kaminari above.[1][3]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Derived termsEdit
- 雷の陣 (kannari no jin)
Proper nounEdit
- (rare, archaic) Short for 雷鳴の壺 (Kannari no Tsubo): one of the five buildings in the imperial palace in 平安京 (Heian-kyō), modern-day Kyoto
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雷 |
| いかずち Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
⟨ika tu ti⟩ → ⟨ikaduti⟩ → /ikad͡ʑut͡ɕi/ → /ikaʑut͡ɕi/
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 厳 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
雷 • (ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?
Proper nounEdit
雷 • (Ikazuchi) ←いかづち (ikaduti)?
- a surname
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雷 |
| なるかみ Grade: S |
| irregular |
Compound of 鳴る (naru, “to cry out, to call”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][3]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (rare) thunder (the sound)
- (rare) lightning, a thunderbolt
Proper nounEdit
Etymology 5Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 雷 |
| らい Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC luʌi).
Compare modern Mandarin 雷 (léi) and Cantonese 雷 (lûi).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Usage notesEdit
Used more in compounds than on its own. As a standalone noun, the kaminari reading is the most common.
Derived termsEdit
AffixEdit
Proper nounEdit
- a female given name
- a surname
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
KikaiEdit
KanjiEdit
雷
ReadingsEdit
NounEdit
雷 (hanmai)
ReferencesEdit
- “はんまい【雷】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 雷 (MC luʌi). Recorded as Middle Korean 뢰 (lwoy) (Yale: lwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
雷 (eumhun 우레 뢰 (ure roe), South Korea 우레 뇌 (ure noe))
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
雷
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 雷 (kaminari).
NounEdit
雷 (kannai)
ReferencesEdit
- “かんない【雷】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Old JapaneseEdit
EtymologyEdit
Originally a compound of 嚴 (ika, “sternness, terribleness, imposingness”) + つ (tu, possessive particle) + 靈 (ti, “spirit, force, essence”).[1][2][3]
NounEdit
雷 (ikaduti) (kana いかづち)
- thunder
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 235, first variant), text here
- 皇者神二四座者天雲之雷之上尓廬為流鴨
- opoki1mi1 pa kami2 ni si maseba amakumo no2 ikaduti no2 upe2 ni iporaseru ka mo
- Since our sovereign is a god, she builds a temporary palace above the thunder in the heavenly clouds.[4]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 235, first variant), text here
- demon or devil
DescendantsEdit
- Japanese: 雷 (ikazuchi)
See alsoEdit
- 鳴神 (narukami2)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Motoori Norinaga (2007), Michael F. Marra, editor, The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 230
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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