零
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TranslingualEdit
Traditional | 零 |
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Simplified | 零 |
Japanese | 零 |
Korean | 零 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative formsEdit
In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.
Han characterEdit
零 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1372, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
- Unihan data for U+96F6
ChineseEdit
trad. | 零 | |
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simp. # | 零 | |
2nd round simp. | ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph originEdit
Historical forms of the character 零 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.
Etymology 1Edit
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
- From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
- Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
- Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
零
- fragmentary; scattered
- 零星 ― língxīng ― fragmentary
- fraction; remainder
- zero [from 1248]
- 一減一等於零。/一减一等于零。 ― Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng. ― One minus one equals zero.
- 三點零五分/三点零五分 ― sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn ― three oh five
- 七百零三 ― qī bǎi líng sān ― seven hundred and three
- 二零零一年 ― èrlínglíngyī nián ― year 2001
- 從零開始/从零开始 ― cóng líng kāishǐ ― Start from scratch
- alt. forms: 〇
- Hypernyms: 實數/实数 (shíshù), 有理數/有理数 (yǒulǐshù), 整數/整数 (zhěngshù)
- Coordinate terms: 正數/正数 (zhèngshù), 負數/负数 (fùshù)
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Bei, Min Dong) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
- (gay slang) bottom
- alt. forms: 0
- (obsolete) drizzle
- (of precipitation or tears) to fall
- 感激涕零 ― gǎnjītìlíng ― grateful to tears
- 念彼共人,涕零如雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niàn bǐ gòng rén, tì líng rú yǔ. [Pinyin]
- I think of those [at court] in their offices,
And my tears flow down like rain.
- (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
- 凋零 ― diāolíng ― to wither and fall
- a surname
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Others:
See alsoEdit
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
零
ReferencesEdit
- “零”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
JapaneseEdit
0 | 1 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : 零 | ||
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ); compare Mandarin 零 (líng):
From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len); compare Mandarin 零 (lián):
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: あゆ (ayu, 零ゆ); あえる (aeru, 零える); あえす (aesu, 零えす); あやす (ayasu, 零やす); おちる (ochiru, 零ちる); こぼす (kobosu, 零す); こぼる (koboru, 零る); こぼれる (koboreru, 零れる); しずく (shizuku, 零)←しづく (siduku, historical); ゼロ (zero, 零)
CompoundsEdit
- 零雨 (reiu)
- 零下 (reika): sub-zero
- 零砕 (reisai)
- 零細 (reisai)
- 零散 (reisan)
- 零星 (reisei)
- 零戦 (Reisen)
- 零楮 (reicho)
- 零凋 (reichō)
- 零丁 (reitei) (令丁)
- 零点 (reiten)
- 零度 (reido)
- 零敗 (reihai)
- 零廃 (reihai)
- 零買 (reibai)
- 零売 (reibai)
- 零封 (reifū)
- 零墨 (reiboku)
- 零本 (reihon)
- 零余 (reiyo)
- 零落 (reiraku)
- 零乱 (reiran)
- 零涙 (reirui)
- 零露 (reiro)
- 零戦 (Zerosen)
- 零和 (zerowa): zero-sum
- 先零 (Senren)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
れい Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye to mean zero, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二, literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1]
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
NumeralEdit
Usage notesEdit
The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.
Proper nounEdit
- a male given name
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
こぼ(し) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
こぼ(れ) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
ぜろ Grade: S (ateji) |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leŋ, leŋH).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjʌ̹ŋ] ~ [jʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [령/영]
HanjaEdit
零 (eumhun 떨어질 령 (tteoreojil ryeong), South Korea 떨어질 영 (tteoreojil yeong))
CompoundsEdit
- 영간 (零簡, yeonggan)
- 영견 (零絹, yeonggyeon)
- 영견잔묵 (零絹殘墨, yeonggyeonjanmuk)
- 영도 (零度, yeongdo)
- 영락 (零落, yeongnak)
- 영락소지 (零落掃地, yeongnaksoji)
- 영령쇄쇄 (零靈碎碎, yeongnyeongswaeswae)
- 영령쇄쇄 (零零碎碎, yeongnyeongswaeswae)
- 영령쇄쇄 (零零瑣瑣, yeongnyeongswaeswae)
- 영로 (零露, yeongno)
- 영루 (零淚, yeongnu)
- 영매 (靈買, yeongmae)
- 영매 (靈賣, yeongmae)
- 영매소 (零賣所, yeongmaeso)
- 영묵 (零墨, yeongmuk)
- 영본 (零本, yeongbon)
- 영산 (零散, yeongsan)
- 영상 (零上, yeongsang)
- 영선 (零羨, yeongseon)
- 영성 (零星, yeongseong)
- 영세 (零細, yeongse)
- 영쇄 (零碎, yeongswae)
- 영쇄 (零瑣, yeongswae)
- 영시 (零時, yeongsi)
- 영여 (零餘, yeong'yeo)
- 영염 (零染, yeong'yeom)
- 영우 (零雨, yeong'u)
- 영원 (零元, yeong'won)
- 영잔 (零殘, yeongjan)
- 영재 (零在, yeongjae)
- 영적 (零賊, yeongjeok)
- 영전 (零錢, yeongjeon)
- 영점 (零點, yeongjeom)
- 영정 (零丁, yeongjeong)
- 영정고고 (零丁孤苦, yeongjeonggogo)
- 영제 (零濟, yeongje)
- 영조 (零凋, yeongjo)
- 영조 (零糶, yeongjo)
- 영조 (零條, yeongjo)
- 영즉필휴 (零則必虧, yeongjeukpilhyu)
- 영체 (零替, yeongche)
- 영추 (零墜, yeongchu)
- 영축 (零縮, yeongchuk)
- 영타 (零唾, yeongta)
- 영하 (零下, yeongha)
- 영헐 (零歇, yeongheol)
- 고고영정 (孤苦零丁, gogoyeongjeong)
- 단간영묵 (斷簡零墨, dan'ganyeongmuk)
- 자령 (自零, jaryeong)
- 정령 (丁零, jeongnyeong)
- 조령 (凋零, joryeong)
- 칠령팔락 (七零八落, chillyeongpallak)
- 표령 (飄零, pyoryeong)
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len).
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjʌ̹n] ~ [jʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [련/연]
HanjaEdit
零 (eumhun 종족 이름 련 (jongjok ireum ryeon), South Korea 종족 이름 연 (jongjok ireum yeon))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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ReferencesEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
零: Hán Nôm readings: lênh, linh, rinh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.