零
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
In Japan and Korea, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + ㄗ, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese script, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese and Vietnamese (Chữ Nôm) script, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.
Han characterEdit
零 (radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1372, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4061, character 1
- Unihan data for U+96F6
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 零 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 零 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 零 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
| 零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
| 命 | *mreŋs |
| 冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
| 嶺 | *reŋʔ |
| 領 | *reŋʔ |
| 阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 袊 | *reŋʔ |
| 詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
| 旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 舲 | *reːŋ |
| 齡 | *reːŋ |
| 囹 | *reːŋ |
| 鴒 | *reːŋ |
| 蛉 | *reːŋ |
| 鈴 | *reːŋ |
| 苓 | *reːŋ |
| 伶 | *reːŋ |
| 泠 | *reːŋ |
| 瓴 | *reːŋ |
| 拎 | *reːŋ |
| 刢 | *reːŋ |
| 玲 | *reːŋ |
| 聆 | *reːŋ |
| 竛 | *reːŋ |
| 軨 | *reːŋ |
| 笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 翎 | *reːŋ |
| 閝 | *reːŋ |
| 鹷 | *reːŋ |
| 昤 | *reːŋ |
| 駖 | *reːŋ |
| 彾 | *reːŋ |
| 呤 | *reːŋ |
| 狑 | *reːŋ |
| 秢 | *reːŋ |
| 岭 | *reːŋ |
| 紷 | *reːŋ |
| 砱 | *reːŋ |
| 羚 | *reːŋ |
| 姈 | *reːŋ |
| 蕶 | *reːŋ |
| 澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs).
Etymology 1Edit
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
- From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
- Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
- Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
零
- † drizzle
- (literary, of precipitation or tear) to fall
- 感激涕零 ― gǎnjītìlíng ― grateful to tears
- 念彼共人，涕零如雨。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niàn bǐ gòng rén, tì líng rú yǔ. [Pinyin]
- I think of those [at court] in their offices,
And my tears flow down like rain.
- (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
- 凋零 ― diāolíng ― to wither and fall
- fragmentary; scattered
- 零星 ― língxīng ― fragmentary
- fraction; remainder
- zero
- alt. forms: 〇
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Bei, Min Dong) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
- (gay slang) bottom
- alt. forms: 0
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
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See alsoEdit
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Normal (小寫／小写) |
〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬／万 | 億／亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China) |
| Financial (大寫／大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳／贰 | 參／叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸／陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | |||
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
零
JapaneseEdit
| 0 | 1 > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : 零 | ||
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: りょう (ryō)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: あゆ (ayu, 零ゆ); あえる (aeru, 零える); あえす (aesu, 零えす); あやす (ayasu, 零やす); おちる (ochiru, 零ちる); こぼす (kobosu, 零す); こぼし (koboshi); こぼる (koboru, 零る); こぼれる (koboreru, 零れる); こぼれ (kobore, 零れ); こぼれ (kobore, 零); ぜろ (zero, 零)
- Nanori: れい (rei)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 零 |
| れい Grade: S |
| kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 零 (leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye to mean zero, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二, literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1]
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
NumeralEdit
Usage notesEdit
The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.
Proper nounEdit
- A male given name
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 零 |
| こぼし Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 零す, 溢す (kobosu, “to spill something”).[3][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
零 (hiragana こぼし, rōmaji koboshi)
Usage notesEdit
More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 零し. See that entry for more detail.
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 零 |
| こぼれ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 翻れる, 零れる (koboreru, “to spill, to be left over”).[3][2]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
零 (hiragana こぼれ, rōmaji kobore)
Usage notesEdit
More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 零れ. See that entry for more detail.
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 零 |
| ぜろ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From English zero,[3][2] or French zéro.[3] The kanji spelling is ateji.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
零 (katakana ゼロ, hiragana ぜろ, rōmaji zero)
NumeralEdit
零 (katakana ゼロ, hiragana ぜろ, rōmaji zero)
Usage notesEdit
The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation. The katakana spelling ゼロ is more common in general contexts.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
| Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
| Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
| Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
| 90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
| Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
| Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
| 1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
| 一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) | ||||