陸
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Translingual Edit
Han character Edit
陸 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 74214, composition ⿰阝坴)
Derived characters Edit
Related characters Edit
References Edit
- KangXi: page 1355, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41708
- Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 5
- Unihan data for U+9678
Chinese Edit
trad. | 陸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 陆 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin Edit
Historical forms of the character 陸 | |||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *m·ruɡ): semantic 阝 + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).
Etymology 1 Edit
Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation Edit
Definitions Edit
陸
- land; continent; mainland
- land route; surface transport
- Short for 中國大陸/中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).
- Short for 陸軍/陆军 (lùjūn, “army”).
- a surname: Lu
Antonyms Edit
Compounds Edit
- 下陸/下陆 (Xiàlù)
- 中國大陸/中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù)
- 二陸/二陆
- 光怪陸離/光怪陆离 (guāngguàilùlí)
- 光陸離/光陆离
- 內陸/内陆 (nèilù)
- 內陸國/内陆国 (nèilùguó)
- 內陸海/内陆海
- 內陸湖/内陆湖
- 南極大陸/南极大陆 (Nánjí Dàlù)
- 古陸/古陆
- 大陸/大陆 (dàlù)
- 大陸冰川/大陆冰川
- 大陸冰河/大陆冰河
- 大陸勞工/大陆劳工
- 大陸同胞/大陆同胞
- 大陸國/大陆国
- 大陸地區/大陆地区
- 大陸坡/大陆坡
- 大陸妹/大陆妹 (dàlùmèi)
- 大陸客/大陆客
- 大陸市場/大陆市场
- 大陸政策/大陆政策 (Dàlù Zhèngcè)
- 大陸斜坡/大陆斜坡
- 大陸會議/大陆会议
- 大陸板塊/大陆板块
- 大陸架/大陆架 (dàlùjià)
- 大陸棚/大陆棚 (dàlùpéng)
- 大陸棉/大陆棉
- 大陸氣團/大陆气团
- 大陸法系/大陆法系 (dàlùfǎxì)
- 大陸海/大陆海
- 大陸熱/大陆热
- 大陸片/大陆片
- 大陸礁層/大陆礁层
- 大陸貨/大陆货
- 大陸邊緣/大陆边缘
- 大陸隆堆/大陆隆堆
- 大陸隆起/大陆隆起
- 奧斯陸/奥斯陆 (Àosīlù)
- 安陸/安陆 (Ānlù)
- 川陸/川陆
- 平陸/平陆 (Pínglù)
- 廣陸/广陆
- 推舟於陸/推舟于陆
- 斑駁陸離/斑驳陆离 (bānbólùlí)
- 新大陸/新大陆 (Xīndàlù)
- 朱陸異同/朱陆异同
- 次大陸/次大陆 (cìdàlù)
- 歐亞大陸/欧亚大陆
- 水斷陸絕/水断陆绝
- 水陸/水陆 (shuǐlù)
- 水陸並進/水陆并进
- 水陸之饌/水陆之馔
- 水陸畢陳/水陆毕陈 (shuǐlù bì chén)
- 水陸畫/水陆画
- 水陸道場/水陆道场 (shuǐlù dàochǎng)
- 水陸雜陳/水陆杂陈
- 洋商陸/洋商陆
- 海軍陸戰隊/海军陆战队 (hǎijūn lùzhànduì)
- 海陸/海陆 (hǎilù)
- 潘江陸海/潘江陆海
- 潘陸江海/潘陆江海
- 登陸/登陆 (dēnglù)
- 登陸作戰/登陆作战
- 登陸場/登陆场
- 登陸月球/登陆月球
- 登陸熱/登陆热
- 登陸艇/登陆艇 (dēnglùtǐng)
- 盤古大陸/盘古大陆 (Pángǔ Dàlù)
- 破陸續/破陆续
- 神州陸沉/神州陆沉 (shénzhōulùchén)
- 羊陸之交/羊陆之交
- 舊大陸/旧大陆 (Jiùdàlù)
- 著陸/着陆 (zhuólù)
- 西陸/西陆
- 造陸/造陆 (zàolù)
- 造陸運動/造陆运动
- 陸凱/陆凯
- 陸半球/陆半球
- 陸地/陆地 (lùdì)
- 陸地神仙/陆地神仙
- 陸城/陆城 (Lùchéng)
- 陸川/陆川 (Lùchuān)
- 陸德明/陆德明
- 陸戰/陆战
- 陸戰隊/陆战队
- 陸抗/陆抗
- 陸架/陆架
- 陸梁/陆梁 (lùliáng)
- 陸棚/陆棚
- 陸機/陆机
- 陸橋/陆桥 (lùqiáo)
- 陸水湖/陆水湖 (Lùshuǐhú)
- 陸沉/陆沉 (lùchén)
- 陸海/陆海
- 陸海潘江/陆海潘江
- 陸王之學/陆王之学
- 陸田/陆田
- 陸相沉積/陆相沉积
- 陸稻/陆稻 (lùdào)
- 陸緣海/陆缘海 (lùyuánhǎi)
- 陸績/陆绩
- 陸續/陆续 (lùxù)
- 陸續有來/陆续有来 (lùxùyǒulái)
- 陸行/陆行
- 陸讋水慄/陆詟水栗
- 陸豐/陆丰 (Lùfēng)
- 陸賈分金/陆贾分金
- 陸贄/陆贽
- 陸路/陆路 (lùlù)
- 陸軍/陆军 (lùjūn)
- 陸軍節/陆军节
- 陸運/陆运
- 陸鈔/陆钞
- 陸陸續續/陆陆续续 (lùlùxùxù)
- 陸離/陆离 (lùlí)
- 陸離光怪/陆离光怪
- 陸離斑駁/陆离斑驳
- 陸風/陆风 (lùfēng)
- 雙陸/双陆 (shuānglù)
- 馬陸/马陆 (mǎlù)
- 黑暗大陸/黑暗大陆
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Definitions Edit
陸
See also Edit
Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Japanese Edit
Kanji Edit
Readings Edit
- Go-on: ろく (roku)
- Kan-on: りく (riku, Jōyō)
- Kun: おか (oka, 陸)←をか (woka, 陸, historical); くが (kuga, 陸)
- Nanori: たち (tachi); みち (michi); む (mu); むつ (mutsu)
Synonyms Edit
- (six): 六
Etymology 1 Edit
Kanji in this term |
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陸 |
ろく Grade: 4 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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碌 |
Originally referred to "flat" in reference to flat land, in turn the core meaning of the kanji character.[1][2]
The alternative 碌 spelling is an example of ateji.[1][2][3][4]
First attested in the 羅葡日辞書 (Ra-Ho-Nichi Jisho, “Latin-Portuguese-Japanese Dictionary”) of 1595.[1]
Pronunciation Edit
Adjective Edit
陸 • (roku) -na (adnominal 陸な (roku na), adverbial 陸に (roku ni))
- [from 1595] flat, not steep
- 1603, 日葡辞書 [Nippo Jisho, Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary][5], page 212:
- Rocuna michi.
- Flat road.
- [from roughly 1600] straightforward, uncomplicated, straight, correct
- [from roughly 1600] (mostly used in negative expressions) correct, right, complete, sufficient, satisfactory, proper
- ろくでもない人物、ろくに休みも取れない
- roku de mo nai jinbutsu, roku ni yasumi mo torenai
- a person who isn't right, a good-for-nothing / can't even fully take a break
- ろくでもない人物、ろくに休みも取れない
- [from late 1600s] peaceful, tranquil, serene (said of one's surroundings)
- [from 1700] even-tempered, easygoing, relaxed
Inflection Edit
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 陸だろ | ろくだろ | roku daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 陸で | ろくで | roku de |
Terminal (終止形) | 陸だ | ろくだ | roku da |
Attributive (連体形) | 陸な | ろくな | roku na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 陸なら | ろくなら | roku nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 陸であれ | ろくであれ | roku de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 陸ではない 陸じゃない |
ろくではない ろくじゃない |
roku de wa nai roku ja nai |
Informal past | 陸だった | ろくだった | roku datta |
Informal negative past | 陸ではなかった 陸じゃなかった |
ろくではなかった ろくじゃなかった |
roku de wa nakatta roku ja nakatta |
Formal | 陸です | ろくです | roku desu |
Formal negative | 陸ではありません 陸じゃありません |
ろくではありません ろくじゃありません |
roku de wa arimasen roku ja arimasen |
Formal past | 陸でした | ろくでした | roku deshita |
Formal negative past | 陸ではありませんでした 陸じゃありませんでした |
ろくではありませんでした ろくじゃありませんでした |
roku de wa arimasen deshita roku ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 陸で | ろくで | roku de |
Conditional | 陸なら(ば) | ろくなら(ば) | roku nara (ba) |
Provisional | 陸だったら | ろくだったら | roku dattara |
Volitional | 陸だろう | ろくだろう | roku darō |
Adverbial | 陸に | ろくに | roku ni |
Degree | 陸さ | ろくさ | rokusa |
Noun Edit
- [from 1595] flatness
- [from roughly 1600] straightforwardness, uncomplicatedness, straightness, correctness
- [from roughly 1600] (mostly used in negative expressions) correctness, rightness, completeness, sufficientness, satisfactoriness, properness
- [from late 1600s] peacefulness, tranquility, serenity (said of one's surroundings)
- [from 1700] an even temper, easygoingness, relaxedness
Etymology 2 Edit
Kanji in this term |
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陸 |
ろく Grade: 4 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
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六 (non-legal) |
Substitute spelling for 六 (roku, “six”),[6][7][2] likely borrowed from similar usage of written Chinese 陸/陆 (“six”).
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
Usage notes Edit
Legal uses arose due to the relative ease with which certain number kanji can be fraudulently altered to look like other number kanji. For instance, 一 (ichi, “one”) could be modified to look like 六 (roku, “six”), but it cannot be modified to look like 陸 (roku, “six”, in legal contexts).
See also Edit
- 大字 (daiji, “big character”, more-complicated kanji used as phonetic replacements for simpler numeric kanji, in order to prevent fraudulent modification)
Etymology 3 Edit
Kanji in this term |
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陸 |
りく Grade: 4 |
kan’on |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 陸 (MC ljuwk). First attested in Japanese as a standalone noun in a text from the mid-1400s.[8]
Pronunciation Edit
Noun Edit
Etymology 4 Edit
Kanji in this term |
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陸 |
おか Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 5 Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
くが Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 陸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 6 Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
陸 |
くぬが Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 陸 – see the following entry: くぬが |
(The following entry is uncreated: くぬが.)
References Edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “陸・碌”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “陸”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
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- ^ “六・陸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- ^ “陸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
Korean Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
From Middle Chinese 陸 (MC ljuwk).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[6] | 두듥〮 (Yale: twùtúlk) | 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk) |
Pronunciation Edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾjuk̚] ~ [juk̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [륙/육]
Hanja Edit
陸 (eumhun 뭍 륙 (mut ryuk), South Korea 뭍 육 (mut yuk))
Compounds Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Hanja Edit
陸 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), South Korea 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))
References Edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [7]
Vietnamese Edit
Han character Edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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