'm
See also: Appendix:Variations of "m"
English Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Contraction of am.
Verb Edit
’m (clitic)
- Am, used especially in I'm.
- 2008, Elizabeth George, Playing for the Ashes, Bantam, →ISBN, page 158:
- “So how'm I not good?”
- (dialect) Various forms of be.
- 1874, Frances Mary Peard, Thorpe Regis:
- You'm no better than a baby when they've clacketed at ye for an hour or two without a word of sense from beginnin' to end.
- 1962, John Le Carre, A Murder of Quality:
- "He'm a bad one. Ooh, he'm a bad one, Mister," and she laughed softly. "I seed 'im flying, riding on the wind," she laughed again, "and the moon be'ind 'im, lightin' up the way. They'm close as sisters, moon and Devil."
- 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, page 180:
- “Ah, it's a wonder we’m got two sticks to us name, with all that plunder what youm 'ad already.”
See also Edit
Etymology 2 Edit
Pronoun Edit
'm
- Alternative form of 'em
- 1967-1969, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
- I picked up two stones and threw ’m in the air, heard ’m drop
- 1967-1969, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure
Etymology 3 Edit
Noun Edit
’m
Bavarian Edit
Etymology Edit
Merged unstressed form of am and em or dem.
Article Edit
'm m or n
See also Edit
Bavarian articles
m | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
1) higher, formal register
Catalan Edit
Pronoun Edit
'm
- Contraction of me.
Usage notes Edit
- 'm is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
- Truca'm. ― Call me.
Declension Edit
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
Cornish Edit
Determiner Edit
'm
Pronoun Edit
'm
Dutch Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Pronoun Edit
'm
- Contracted form of hem
- Hij heeft 'm neergeschoten.
- He shot him.
Declension Edit
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Welsh Edit
Pronunciation Edit
Etymology 1 Edit
Determiner Edit
'm
- (literary) my (triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
- Synonym: fy
- Rwy'n myned yn ôl adref i’m hannwyl famwlad.
- I am going back home to my dear homeland.
Pronoun Edit
'm
- (literary) me (used after vowels as the direct object of a verb; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
Usage notes Edit
- The determiner can be considered a "contraction" of fy used after mostly functional vowel-final words.
- The pronoun occurs after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as fe, a, ni, na, oni and pe.
Etymology 2 Edit
Particle Edit
'm
- (colloquial) Contraction of ddim (“not”).
- Dwyt ti’m yn cofio Macsen.
- You don’t remember Macsen.
Further reading Edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “'m”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies