-que
See also: que
LatinEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Italic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Proto-Germanic *-hw ( → English (thou)gh).
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
-que (enclitic)
- and, a copulative particle affixed to the word it annexes
- 6th or 5th century BCE, Castor-Pollux dedication (image (page 3; requires access to JSTOR); facsimile):
- 𐌂𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌄𐌉:𐌐𐌏𐌃𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌒𐌖𐌄𐌉𐌒𐌖𐌄/𐌒𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌉𐌔
- CASTOREI PODLOVQVEIQVE/QVROIS
Castorei Podlouqueique qurois - To Castor and Pollux, the Dioskouroi
- CASTOREI PODLOVQVEIQVE/QVROIS
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.VIII:
- Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
- There is nothing you do, nothing you plot, nothing you think about, that I do not only hear of, but actually see as well and distinctly discern.
- Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
- Senatus Populusque Romanus.
- The Senate and the People of Rome
- (literally, “The Roman Senate and People”)
- 6th or 5th century BCE, Castor-Pollux dedication (image (page 3; requires access to JSTOR); facsimile):
- (when repeated) "both... and", "whether... or"
- introducing an explanatory clause
- (rare) used in an answer
Usage notesEdit
- In archaic and official language, -que is preferred to et, from which it is distinguished by denoting a closer connection.
- It is used singly to link words with related meanings.
- Some examples:
- Fames sitisque. (hunger and thirst)
- Augeri amplificarique. (to be increased and to be enlarged)
- Admirabilis incredibilisque. (admirable and incredible)
- Fuga pavorque. (fleeing and fear)
- Cibus victusque. (sustenance and living)
- Concilium coetusque. (a public gathering and a meeting)
- Blandimenta voluptatis otiique. (delights of pleasure and leisure)
- Extremum summumque supplicium. (the furthest and greatest punishment)
- Imperio auspicioque. (with command and divination)
- Carus acceptusque. ([he is] dear and pleasing)
- Jus fasque. (law and divine will)
- It is especially used in phrases like:
- With the comparative:
- When used with personal and possessive pronouns:
- Also used in archaic formulae:
- Some examples:
- Also words of contrast meaning:
- Jus nefasque. (law and sin)
- Longe lateque. (distant and widely)
- Cominus eminusque. (in close combat and beyond swords reach)
- Ultro citroque. (there and here) literally "beyond and to this side"
- Terrā marique. (from earth and sea)
- Ferro ignique. (with iron and [with] fire)
- Pace belloque. (with peace and [with] war)
- Tempus locusque. (time and place)
- Parvis magnisque. (with small and [with] large)
Derived termsEdit
- atque
- a lacte cunisque
- cumque
- itaque
- filioque
- namque
- neque
- quoque
- quisque
- SPQR
- ubique
- undique
- uterque
- utique