虞

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

虞 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜心口一大 (YPRMK) or 卜心口女大 (YPRVK), four-corner 2128₁, composition ⿸虍吳(HTK) or ⿸虍呉(J) or ⿸虍吴(GV))

Derived charactersEdit

噳, 澞, 𡑾, 𡢢, 𪝭, 𪩽, 𦾚, 𥵂, 𩦢, 鸆, 𪋬

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1074, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32723
Dae Jaweon: page 1543, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2827, character 2
Unihan data for U+865E

ChineseEdit

trad.		虞
simp. ^#		虞
alternative forms		𠈌 ancient form 𩦢 partial 𮓥 historical variant

Wikipedia has articles on:

虞朝 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
虞姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
有虞氏 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 虞
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (吳) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
吳	*ŋʷaː
蜈	*ŋʷaː
鋘	ŋʷaː, ŋʷraː
麌	ŋʷaː, ŋʷaʔ
祦	*ŋaː
誤	*ŋʷaːs
悞	*ŋʷaːs
娛	ŋʷaːs, ŋʷa
虞	*ŋʷa
澞	*ŋʷa
鸆	*ŋʷa
俁	*ŋʷaʔ
噳	*ŋʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋʷa): semantic 虍 (“tiger”) + phonetic 吳 (OC *ŋʷaː).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yú (yu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄩˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴
Min Dong (BUC): ngṳ̀
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gû

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngo⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yú
  - Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yú
  - Wade–Giles: yü²
  - Yale: yú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
  - Palladius: юй (juj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴
  - Yale: yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋy⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
  - Tâi-lô: gû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨo/

Rime
Character	虞
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	遇俱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋio/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuə̆/
Li Rong	/ŋio/
Wang Li	/ŋĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虞	虞
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú	yú
Middle Chinese	‹ ngju ›	‹ ngju ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/	/*[ŋ]ʷ(r)a/
English	foresee	gamester; forester
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虞
Reading #	1/1
No.	13103
Phonetic component	吴
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷa/

DefinitionsEdit

虞

(obsolete) zouyu, an ancient legendary creature, also known as 騶虞／驺虞 (zōuyú)
(historical) an ancient officer in charge of managing forests and hunting grounds
- 即鹿无虞，以縱禽也。君子舍之，往吝窮也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  即鹿无虞，以纵禽也。君子舍之，往吝穷也。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Jí lù wú yú, yǐ zòng qín yě. Jūnzǐ shè zhī, wǎng lìn qióng yě. [Pinyin]
  'One pursues the deer without the (guidance of the) forester:' - (he does so) in (his eagerness to) follow the game. 'The superior man gives up the chase, (knowing that) if he go forward he will regret it:' - he would be reduced to extremity.
(literary) to predict; to guess; to foresee
- 虜不虞軍至，因大潰。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  虏不虞军至，因大溃。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: The New Book of Tang, 1060 CE
  Lǔ bù yú jūn zhì, yīn dà kuì. [Pinyin]
  The enemies did not anticipate the armies' arrival, so they were utterly routed.
(literary) to be concerned about; to worry
- 無貳無虞、上帝臨女。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  无贰无虞、上帝临女。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wú'èr wúyú, Shàngdì lín rǔ. [Pinyin]
  Have no doubts, no anxieties; God is with you.'
- 天運合回，丞相遷回長安，方可無虞。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  天运合回，丞相迁回长安，方可无虞。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Tiānyùn héhuí, chéngxiàng qiān huí Cháng'ān, fāng kě wúyú. [Pinyin]
  Our fate has come full circle; the chancellor [Dong Zhuo] must move back to Chang'an so as to have no worries.
(literary) to deceive; to fool; to cheat
爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 ― ěryúwǒzhà ― to deceive each other
- 盟曰：「我無爾詐，爾無我虞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  盟曰：“我无尔诈，尔无我虞。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Méng yuē: “Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú.” [Pinyin]
  The covenant said, “We shall not defraud you, and you shall not deceive us.
Alternative form of 娛／娱 (yú, “enjoyment; pleasure”).
- 霸者之民，驩虞如也；王者之民，皞皞如也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  霸者之民，欢虞如也；王者之民，皞皞如也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Bàzhě zhī mín, huānyú rú yě; wángzhě zhī mín, hàohào rú yě. [Pinyin]
  Under a chief, leading all the princes, the people look brisk and cheerful. Under a true sovereign, they have an air of deep contentment.
a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty that could have existed prior to the Xia dynasty, founded by Shun
- 《記》曰：「虞、夏、商、周，有師保，有疑丞。設四輔及三公。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  《记》曰：“虞、夏、商、周，有师保，有疑丞。设四辅及三公。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  “Jì” yuē: “Yú, xià, shāng, zhōu, yǒu shībǎo, yǒu yíchéng. Shè sì fǔ jí sāngōng.” [Pinyin]
  The history says, ‘Under the dynasties of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou, there were the master, the guardian, the Yi, and the Cheng, and there were appointed the four aides and the three ducal ministers.’
an ancient state during the Western Zhou and the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Pinglu County, Shanxi
(～日) (telegraphy) the seventh day of a month
a surname

CompoundsEdit

不虞 (bùyú)
不虞之隙
唐虞 (Táng-Yú)
堪虞 (kānyú)
暮虢朝虞
有虞氏
火虞
疏虞
自虞
虞人
虞候
虞夏 (Yúxià)
虞姬
虞山

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	虞
Kyūjitai ^[1]	虞󠄁 虞+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	虞󠄃 虞+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

KanjiEdit

虞

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to worry, to fear

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: ぐ (gu)
Kun: おそれ (osore, 虞, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 虞える); おそれる (osoreru, 虞れる); おもんぱかる (omonpakaru, 虞る); はかる (hakaru, 虞る)
Nanori: すけ (suke); もち (mochi); やす (yasu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

虞姫(ぐき) (Gu-ki)
虞氏(ぐし) (Gu-shi)
虞舜(ぐしゅん) (Gu Shun)
虞犯少年(ぐはんしょうねん) (guhan shōnen)
虞美人(ぐびじん) (Gu bijin)
- 虞美人草(ぐびじんそう) (gubijinsō)
唐虞(とうぐ) (Tōgu)
不虞(ふぐ) (fugu)
憂虞(ゆうぐ) (yūgu)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
虞
おそれ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 虞 – see the following entry.

【恐おそれ】

[noun] 恐れ, 虞: concern that something bad will happen, risk, danger

(This term, 虞, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
虞
ぐ Grade: S
on’yomi

PronunciationEdit

IPA^(key): [ɡɯ̟ᵝ]

Proper nounEdit

虞(ぐ) • (Gu)

Yu (a legendary ancient Chinese dynasty, founded by Shun)
A surname in Chinese

ReferencesEdit

^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1877 (paper), page 990 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

KoreanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 虞 (MC ŋɨo).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅮᆼ (Yale: ngwu) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 우 (wu) (Yale: wu) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [u]
Phonetic hangul: [우]

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

虞

Wikisource

虞 (eumhun 염려할 우 (yeomnyeohal u))

Hanja form^? of 우 (“to worry”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

우범 (虞犯, ubeom)
불우 (不虞, buru)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

虞: Hán Nôm readings: ngu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1877 (paper), page 990 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[1]