音

音	U+97F3, 音 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97F3

⾳	U+2FB3, ⾳ KANGXI RADICAL SOUND

← ⾲
[U+2FB2]

Kangxi Radicals

⾴ →
[U+2FB4]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 180 音

音 (Kangxi radical 180, 音+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日 (YTA), four-corner 0060₁, composition ⿱立日 or ⿱亠𣅑)

Kangxi radical #180, ⾳.
Shuowen Jiezi radical №58

Derived charactersEdit

Appendix:Chinese radical/音
偣, 𠗥, 喑, 堷, 㛺, 𡺈, 𢄈, 愔, 揞, 摿, 湆, 𤟟, 隌, 暗, 𪳀, 𬇂, 𤋾, 腤, 𥚱, 𤭵, 𪾲, 𥏮, 䅧, 𥻚, 𦂺, 𦖢, 諳(谙), 䜾, 𮛾, 𨍑, 䤃, 𮢣, 𩈴, 𮧡, 䬓(𫗊), 𩩿, 𬛯, 𩹎, 黯, 𩆢, 𥃛, 𪛏
𪟠, 𫦊, 戠, 𢻕, 𢾑, 𢾚, 歆, 𪵦, 𫅬, 𧡱, 𧯹, 𪱐, 鶕(𬸝), 𥃚, 意, 𡩘, 𡺞, 萻, 窨, 罯, 𦋫, 𩄒, 𩮋, 𪔧, 𩇄, 𫨏, 𢉩, 瘖, 闇(𬮴), 𧗹, 𫭏

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 1396, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43265
Dae Jaweon: page 1912, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4495, character 1
Unihan data for U+97F3

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		音

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 音
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (音) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
諳	*qɯːm
腤	*qɯːm
嬜	qɯːm, qʰaːm, *qʰrɯm
喑	qɯːm, qrɯm, *qrɯms
揞	qɯːmʔ, qrɯːms
隌	qɯːmʔ, qrɯm
罯	qɯːmʔ, qɯːb
暗	*qɯːms
闇	*qɯːms
黯	qrɯːm, qrɯːmʔ
歆	*qʰrɯm
愔	*qɯm
韾	*qɯm
音	*qrɯm
瘖	*qrɯm
窨	*qrɯms
湆	*kʰrɯb

Ideogram (指事): 言 (“word”) with something in 口 (“mouth”) – sound comes from the mouth.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yīn (yin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ

(Chengdu, SP): yin¹

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йин (yin, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jam¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yim¹
Gan (Wiktionary): in¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yîm

(Meixian, Guangdong): yim¹
Jin (Wiktionary): ing² / ing¹
Min Bei (KCR): éng
Min Dong (BUC): ĭng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): im

(Teochew, Peng'im): im¹ / ing¹
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹in
Xiang (Wiktionary): in¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yin
  - Wade–Giles: yin¹
  - Yale: yīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йин (yin, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jam¹
  - Yale: yām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jim³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: in¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁴²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: im´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /im²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)im´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)im²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /im⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ing² / ing¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ĩŋ⁵³/, /ĩŋ¹¹/

Note:

ing2 in 音訊;
ing1 in 聲音.

Min Bei

(Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: éng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /eiŋ⁵⁴/

Min Dong

(Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: im
- Tâi-lô: im
- Phofsit Daibuun: ym
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /im⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /im³³/
(Teochew)
- Peng'im: im¹ / ing¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: im / ing
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /im³³/, /iŋ³³/

Note: ing1 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹in
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɪɲ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: in¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 音
Mandarin	Beijing	/in⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/in⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/in²¹/
	Jinan	/iẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/in²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iẽ²¹/
	Xining	/iə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ĩn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/in⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/in⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/in⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/in³¹/
	Hefei	/in²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/iŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/iŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/in⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔin³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠aŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/iʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/in¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/in³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/in³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/in⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/im⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/im²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐm⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐm⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐm⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/im⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/iŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/eiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/im³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/im²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiɪm/

Rime
Character	音
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於金切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjim/
Li Rong	/ʔjəm/
Wang Li	/ĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əm/

(Zhengzhang): /*qrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	音
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔim ›
Old Chinese	/*[q](r)əm/
English	sound, tone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	音
Reading #	1/1
No.	15223
Phonetic component	音
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	音
Old Chinese	/*qrɯm/

DefinitionsEdit

音

sound; voice; tone
蘿莉音／萝莉音 ― luólìyīn ― loli voice
news; tidings
(music) pitch; note (Classifier: 粒 c)
(phonetics) pronunciation; syllable
京音 ― jīngyīn ― Beijing pronunciation

潮音 ― cháoyīn ― Teochew pronunciation

中古音 ― zhōnggǔyīn ― Middle Chinese pronunciation

方音 ― fāngyīn ― dialectal pronunciation

陽江音／阳江音 ― Yángjiāng yīn ― Yangjiang pronunciation

SynonymsEdit

(sound): (literary, or in compounds) 聲／声 (shēng), 聲音／声音 (shēngyīn), (literary) 音聲／音声 (yīnshēng), (acoustics) 音響／音响 (yīnxiǎng)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 音

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	音
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	音󠄁 音+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	音󠄃 音+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

KanjiEdit

音

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

sound
timbre
Short for 音楽 (ongaku): music
speech (phonetics)
Short for 字音 (jion): Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
news, tidings

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō)^{←おん (on, historical)}^{←おむ (omu, ancient)}
Kan-on: いん (in, Jōyō)^{←いん (in, historical)}^{←いむ (imu, ancient)}
Kun: おと (oto, 音, Jōyō); と (to, 音); ね (ne, 音, Jōyō); たより (tayori, 音り)
Nanori: お (o); とん (ton); なり (nari); ねね (nene); のん (non); ひびき (hibiki); りり (riri)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

音(おん)韻(いん) (on'in)
音(おん)価(か) (onka)
音(おん)階(かい) (onkai)
音(おん)楽(がく) (ongaku, “music”)
音(おん)感(かん) (onkan)
音(おん)義(ぎ) (ongi)
音(おん)響(きょう) (onkyō, “sound”)
音(おん)曲(きょく) (onkyoku)
音(おん)訓(くん) (onkun)
音(おん)耗(もう) (onmō)
音(おん)叉(さ) (onsa)
音(おん)子(し) (onshi, “phonon”)
音(おん)字(じ) (onji)
音(おん)質(しつ) (onshitsu)
音(おん)色(しょく) (onshoku)
音(おん)信(しん) (onshin)
音(おん)塵(じん) (onjin)
音(おん)声(せい) (onsei)
音(おん)制(せい) (onsei)
音(おん)節(せつ) (onsetsu)
音(おん)素(そ) (onso)
音(おん)息(そく) (onsoku)
音(おん)速(そく) (onsoku)
音(おん)痴(ち) (onchi)
音(おん)注(ちゅう) (onchū)
音(おん)調(ちょう) (onchō)
音(おん)程(てい) (ontei)
音(おん)通(つう) (ontsū)
音(おん)頭(ど) (ondo)
音(おん)読(どく) (ondoku)
音(おん)波(ぱ) (onpa)
音(おん)標(ぴょう)文(も)字(じ) (onpyōmoji)
音(おん)便(びん) (onbin)
音(おん)符(ぷ) (onpu)
音(おん)譜(ぷ) (onpu)
音(おん)問(もん) (onmon)
音(おん)訳(やく) (on'yaku)
音(おん)律(りつ) (onritsu)
音(おん)量(りょう) (onryō)
観(かん)音(のん) (kannon)
子(し)音(いん) (shiin), 子(し)音(おん) (shion, “consonant”)
震(しん)音(おん) (shin'on, “tremolo”)
琵(び)音(おん) (bion): arpeggio
母(ぼ)音(いん) (boin), 母(ぼ)音(おん) (boon, “vowel”)
漣(れん)音(おん) (ren'on, “mordent”)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
音
おん Grade: 1
on’yomi

*/ʔiəm/ → /əmʉ/ → /omʉ/ → /oɴ/

From Middle Chinese 音 (MC ʔˠiɪm).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Goon

(Tokyo) おん [òń] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [õ̞ɴ]

NounEdit

音(おん) • (on)

sound
(linguistics) speech sound
Short for 音読み (on'yomi): the Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
(by extension) reading of a Chinese character outside the Japanese language; rime
Short for 音楽 (ongaku): music

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
音
おっと Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
音
おと Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨oto₂⟩ → */otə/ → /oto/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ətə.

Appears in the late 1400s with the geminate pronunciation /otto/.^[5] This reading is very rare, and appears to have fallen out of use.

PronunciationEdit

(Tokyo) おと [òtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[3]^[4]^[6]
IPA^(key): [o̞to̞]
IPA^(key): [o̞t̚to̞]

(rare, obsolete)

NounEdit

音(おと) • (oto)

a sound
音(おと)を漏(も)らす
oto o morasu
to let out a sound

音(おと)を立(た)てずに
oto o tatezu ni
without raising a sound → noiselessly; silently
when used with a "hear" verb, a rumor or fame (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
news, tidings
a reply, response

Usage notesEdit

Oto is used for loud sounds and voices, as opposed to ne (see below).

Derived termsEdit

足音(あしおと) (ashioto)
音(おと)に聞(き)く (oto ni kiku)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
音
と Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨to₂⟩ → */tə/ → /to/

The shift from oto above, with the initial o being dropped.

The drop is likely due to haplology with the possessive particle の (no).

NounEdit

音(と) • (to)

sound; echo; voice
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3453), text here
  可是能(かぜの)等(と)能(の)登抱吉和伎母賀(とほきわぎもが)吉西斯伎奴(きせしきぬ)多母登乃久太利(たもとのくだり)麻欲比伎尓家利(まよひきにけり) [Man'yōgana]
  風(かぜ)の音(と)の遠(とほ)き我妹(わぎも)が着(き)せし衣(きぬ)手(た)本(もと)のくだりまよひ来(き)にけり [Modern spelling]
  kaze no to no tōki wagimo ga kiseshi-kinu tamoto no kudari, mayoi-ki ni keri
  My dear wife, far away (as the sound of the wind), some threads of the sleeves of the kimono you made me wear have come to be worn and chafed!^[7]

Derived termsEdit

風(かぜ)の音(と)の (kaze no to no, pillow word)

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
音
ね Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨ne₂⟩ → */nəɨ/ → /ne/

From Old Japanese.

From 音 (na, “sound”, bound form) + い (i, emphatic nominative particle).

Alternative formsEdit

哭

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ね [nè] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [ne̞]

NounEdit

音(ね) • (ne)

a sound, voice
the cry of an animal

Usage notesEdit

Ne is used for relatively soft sounds and voices that appeals to human emotions, as opposed to oto (see above).

Derived termsEdit

音(ね)色(いろ) (neiro, “timbre”)
泣(な)く, 哭(な)く (naku, “cry”)
空(そら)音(ね) (sorane, “imitative cry”)

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
音
いん Grade: 1
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 音 (MC ʔˠiɪm).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Kan’on

IPA^(key): [ĩɴ]

AffixEdit

音(いん) • (in)

(uncommon) Alternative form of 音 (on)
1. sound
  子(し)音(いん)、母(ぼ)音(いん) ― shiin, boin ― (also shion, boon) consonant; vowel
2. news; tidings; word
  音(いん)信(しん) ― inshin ― (also onshin) message, news

ReferencesEdit

^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2305 (paper), page 1204 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1353 (paper), page 689 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
^ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
^ Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1964) The Makura-Kotoba of the Manyôśû, Leiden: Brill Archive, page 54

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

音, eumhun 소리 음 (sori eum)

Hanja form^? of 음 (“sound; news”).
Hanja form^? of 음 (“speech”).
Hanja form^? of 음 (“pronunciation”).
- 訓之對文字讀聲 (훈지대 문자독성, hunjidae munjadokseong) the complement of the hun (hence) the sound reading a (Chinese) character.