鬱
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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
edit鬱 (Kangxi radical 192, 鬯+19, 29 strokes, cangjie input 木木月山竹 (DDBUH), four-corner 44722, composition ⿳⿲木缶木冖⿰鬯彡)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1458, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45671
- Dae Jaweon: page 1990, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 858, character 12
- Unihan data for U+9B31
Chinese
edittrad. | 鬱 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 郁* | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 鬱 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
Originally ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : A person 大 (now 缶) stepping on another 勹 (now 冖) in a forest 林 – melancholy; depression. The later inclusion of 鬯 (“aromatic wine”) is because 鬱 was borrowed to represent fragrant herbs or tulip wine. 彡 are simply decorative strokes.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wat1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vut
- Eastern Min (BUC): ók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7iuq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wat1
- Yale: wāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: wat7
- Guangdong Romanization: wed1
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐt̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vut
- Hakka Romanization System: vudˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vud5
- Sinological IPA: /vut̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ók
- Sinological IPA (key): /ouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: 'jut
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qut/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qud/
Definitions
edit鬱
- lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick
- depressed; gloomy; moody
- to gather; to build up; to stagnate; to become stagnant
- to begrudge; to resent; to feel aggrieved
- various; abundant; profuse
- deep; obscure; profound
- melancholy; depression
- hot air (rising); steam
- a kind of plum
- name of a god
- tall and big
- putrid; putrefied
- tulip; fragrant grass
- (~水) name for a branch of the Pearl River, including the You River, Yu River and the Xun River in Guangxi, as well as the Xi River downstream in Guangdong
- (~郡) name of an ancient Chinese prefecture
- (Hokkien) to suppress one's feelings; to hold back one's emotions (of worry, anger, etc.)
- (Hokkien) to bend; to coil; to twist
- (Hokkien) to curl up; to roll up
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to cause someone to feel wronged
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to constrain oneself to work
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to restrain; to hold back; to constrain
- 鬱死人的才調 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- ut sí lâng ê châi-tiāu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- to restrain someone's ability
郁死人的才调 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- a surname
Compounds
edit- 伊鬱/伊郁
- 勃鬱/勃郁
- 坱鬱/坱郁
- 壹鬱/壹郁
- 怏鬱/怏郁
- 怫鬱/怫郁
- 悒鬱/悒郁 (yìyù)
- 悒鬱不忿/悒郁不忿
- 悒鬱寡歡/悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
- 憂鬱/忧郁 (yōuyù)
- 憂鬱症/忧郁症 (yōuyùzhèng)
- 抗憂鬱藥/抗忧郁药
- 抑鬱/抑郁 (yìyù)
- 抑鬱寡歡/抑郁寡欢
- 氣鬱/气郁
- 氤鬱/氤郁
- 沉鬱/沉郁 (chényù)
- 沉鬱頓挫/沉郁顿挫
- 泱鬱/泱郁
- 湮鬱/湮郁
- 滃鬱/滃郁
- 漚鬱/沤郁
- 神荼鬱壘/神荼郁垒
- 積鬱/积郁 (jīyù)
- 紆鬱/纡郁
- 肝鬱/肝郁
- 芬鬱/芬郁 (fēnyù)
- 茀鬱/茀郁
- 蒼鬱/苍郁 (cāngyù)
- 蓊鬱/蓊郁 (wěngyù)
- 蔥鬱/葱郁 (cōngyù)
- 躁鬱症/躁郁症 (zàoyùzhèng)
- 陰鬱/阴郁 (yīnyù)
- 鞅鬱/鞅郁
- 馥鬱/馥郁 (fùyù)
- 鬱伊/郁伊
- 鬱勃/郁勃 (yùbó)
- 鬱卒/郁卒 (yùzú)
- 鬱堙不偶/郁堙不偶
- 鬱塞/郁塞
- 鬱壘/郁垒 (Yùlǜ)
- 鬱律/郁律
- 鬱悒/郁悒
- 鬱悶/郁闷 (yùmèn)
- 鬱憤/郁愤 (yùfèn)
- 鬱抑/郁抑 (yùyì)
- 鬱江/郁江 (Yùjiāng)
- 鬱沉沉/郁沉沉
- 鬱泱/郁泱
- 鬱湮/郁湮
- 鬱火/郁火
- 鬱然/郁然 (yùrán)
- 鬱蒸/郁蒸
- 鬱熱/郁热 (yùrè)
- 鬱燠/郁燠
- 鬱症/郁症 (yùzhèng)
- 鬱積/郁积 (yùjī)
- 鬱紆/郁纡
- 鬱結/郁结 (yùjié)
- 鬱蒼/郁苍 (yùcāng)
- 鬱蓊/郁蓊
- 鬱蔥/郁葱
- 鬱血/郁血 (yùxuè)
- 鬱邑/郁邑
- 鬱郁 (yùyù)
- 鬱金/郁金 (yùjīn)
- 鬱金香/郁金香 (yùjīnxiāng)
- 鬱閉/郁闭 (yùbì)
- 鬱陵/郁陵 (Yùlíng)
- 鬱陶/郁陶 (yùtáo)
- 鬱馥/郁馥
- 鬱鬱/郁郁 (yùyù)
- 鬱鬱不平/郁郁不平
- 鬱鬱不樂/郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
- 鬱鬱寡歡/郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
- 鬱鬱蒼蒼/郁郁苍苍 (yùyùcāngcāng)
- 鬱鬱蔥蔥/郁郁葱葱 (yùyùcōngcōng)
Japanese
edit欝 | |
鬱 |
Kanji
edit(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 欝)
Readings
edit- Go-on: うち (uchi)
- Kan-on: うつ (utsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: こもる (komoru, 鬱る); しげる (shigeru, 鬱る); ふさがる (fusagaru, 鬱がる); ふさぐ (fusagu, 鬱ぐ)
- Nanori: しげる (shigeru)
Compounds
edit- 鬱金 (ukon)
- 鬱金色 (ukon'iro)
- 鬱金香 (ukonkō)
- 鬱気 (ukki)
- 鬱屈 (ukkutsu)
- 鬱血 (ukketsu)
- 鬱積 (usseki)
- 鬱蒼 (ussō)
- 鬱滞 (uttai)
- 鬱陶しい (uttōshii)
- 鬱憤 (uppun)
- 鬱々 (utsūtsu)
- 鬱然 (utsuzen)
- 鬱病 (utsubyō)
- 鬱勃 (utsubotsu)
- 気鬱 (kiutsu)
- 暗鬱 (an'utsu)
- 陰鬱 (in'utsu)
- 気鬱症 (kiutsushō)
- 躁鬱 (sōutsu)
- 躁鬱質 (sōutsushitsu)
- 躁鬱病 (sōutsubyō)
- 沈鬱 (chin'utsu)
- 幽鬱 (yūutsu)
- 憂鬱 (yūutsu)
- 憂鬱質 (yūutsushitsu)
- 憂鬱症 (yūutsushō)
- 抑鬱 (yokūtsu)
Trivia
edit鬱 has, at 29 strokes, the most strokes of any kanji in the jōyō kanji list or kanji kentei level 2.[1] The next highest kanji in the jōyō list is 鑑, at 23 strokes.
Prior to the Japanese script reform, this character was handwritten as 欝 using 25 strokes, similar to how "令" is often written differently in handwriting. However, after the reform, the character was excluded from the official lists. In 2010, only the print form was included in the new jōyō kanji list, and it is today taught to be written like the print form instead of like 欝 .
Etymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
鬱 |
うつ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
欝 |
From Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC 'jut).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit鬱 • (utsu) -na (adnominal 鬱な (utsu na), adverbial 鬱に (utsu ni))
- depressing
- 鬱な曲
- utsu na kyoku
- depressing song
- 鬱な曲
- depressed
Noun
edit- (psychiatry) depression
- 鬱を克服する
- utsu o kokufuku suru
- overcome depression
- 鬱を克服する
Synonyms
edit- 鬱病 (utsubyō)
Affix
edit- dense (growth); lush; luxuriant
- accumulate; stagnate
- depression; gloom; melancholy
References
edit- ^ Crazy kanji: what’s the highest stroke count?, Nihonshock, 2009 Oct 22
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 鬱 (MC 'jut).
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅮᇙ〮 (Yale: qwúlq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 울 (wul) (Yale: wul) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [uɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [울]
Hanja
edit鬱 (eumhun 답답할 울 (dapdaphal ul))
Compounds
edit- 울결 (鬱結, ulgyeol)
- 울금 (鬱金, ulgeum)
- 울기 (鬱氣, ulgi)
- 울념 (鬱念, ullyeom)
- 울노 (鬱怒, ullo)
- 울담 (鬱痰, uldam)
- 울도 (鬱陶, uldo)
- 울림 (鬱林, ullim)
- 울민 (鬱悶, ulmin)
- 울밀 (鬱密, ulmil)
- 울분 (鬱憤, ulbun)
- 울산 (鬱散, ulsan)
- 울울 (鬱鬱, urul)
- 울적 (鬱寂, uljeok)
- 울적 (鬱積, uljeok)
- 울화 (鬱火, ulhwa)
- 구울 (漚鬱, guul)
- 불울 (岪鬱, burul)
- 불울 (弗鬱, burul)
- 아울 (訝鬱, aul)
- 앙울 (怏鬱, ang'ul)
- 앙울 (泱鬱, ang'ul)
- 애울 (藹鬱, ae'ul)
- 억울 (抑鬱, eogul)
- 옹울 (蓊鬱, ong'ul)
- 우울 (憂鬱, uul)
- 음울 (陰鬱, eumul)
- 읍울 (悒鬱, eubul)
- 인울 (湮鬱, inul)
- 재울 (齎鬱, jae'ul)
- 창울 (蒼鬱, chang'ul)
- 우울증 (憂鬱症, uuljeung)
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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