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See also:
U+8C37, 谷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8C37

[U+8C36]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8C38]
U+2F95, ⾕
KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY

[U+2F94]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F96]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 150, +0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 80608, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #150, .

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1189, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3902, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8C37

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Pictogram (象形) — valley () in between two mountains.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (river; gorge). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (28)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kəwk̚/
Li
Rong
/kuk̚/
Wang
Li
/kuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
guk1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuwk ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qˁok/
English valley

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 4299
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kloːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. valley; gorge; ravine
  2. river or stream between two mountains; (in general) stream or river
  3. (figurative) difficult position; predicament
    進退維进退维  ―  jìntuìwéi  ―  to be caught between a rock and a hard place
  4. a surname
      ―  Àilíng  ―  Eileen Gu

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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(Cantonese)

  1. to pressure
  2. to hasten; to boost
  3. to cause to swell by pressuring
  4. to hold back or conceal negative emotions or feelings
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.

From English group. Doublet of group.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, social media, Internet slang) group (Classifier: c)
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (36)
Final () (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter yowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/iok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/juawk̚/
Li
Rong
/iok̚/
Wang
Li
/jĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
juk6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 4310
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·loːɡ/

Definitions

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  1. Only used in 吐谷渾吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”) and 谷渾谷浑 (Yùhún, “surname”).

Etymology 5

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simp. and trad.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (37)
Final () (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter luwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/luk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/luk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/luk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ləwk̚/
Li
Rong
/luk̚/
Wang
Li
/luk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/luk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
luk6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 4298
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɦkroːɡ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. Only used in 谷蠡王 (lùlíwáng) and 谷蠡 (lùlí, “title for Xiongnu officials”).

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“corn; grain; cereal; foxtail millet, the plant or the unhulled grain); etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of ).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. valley
  2. lowland, plain

Readings

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From Middle Chinese (MC kuwk, “valley, gorge”):

From Middle Chinese (MC yowk), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, Tuyuhun):

From Middle Chinese (MC luwk), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
たに
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings

谿

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(たに) (tani

  1. a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
  2. a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
  3. an intersection of two receding roof slopes
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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(たに) (Tani

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
やつ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
谷津

Noun

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(やつ) (yatsu

  1. a low-lying wetland
  2. a valley
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Possibly a shift from yatsu above.

Noun

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() (ya

  1. a valley
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
やち
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
谷地
野地

Variant shift from yatsu above.

Noun

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(やち) (yachi

  1. (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
やと
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
谷戸

Another variant shift from yatsu above.

Noun

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(やと) (yato

  1. Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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(さこ) (sako

  1. (regional, especially Kansai) a small valley

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese (MC kuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean (kwok) (Yale: kwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (gol gok))

  1. hanja form? of (valley)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese (MC yowk). Recorded as Middle Korean 욕〮 (yók) (Yale: yok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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(eumhun 나라 이름 (nara ireum yok))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of (Only used in 토욕혼 (吐谷渾, toyokhon, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”))

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese (MC luwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (Yale: lwok) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Hanja

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(eumhun 벼슬 이름 (byeoseul ireum rok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼슬 이름 (byeoseul ireum nok))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of / (Only used in 녹려 (谷蠡, nongnyeo, title for Xiongnu officials))

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cốc, góc, hốc, dục, thung, lủng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.