刮

刮 U+522E, 刮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-522E ← 刭 [U+522D] CJK Unified Ideographs 刯 → [U+522F]

See also: 颳

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

刮(radical 18 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹口中弓 (HRLN), four-corner 2260₀, composition ⿰舌刂)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 138, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1943
• Dae Jaweon: page 314, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 335, character 3
• Unihan data for U+522E

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ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
咶	*qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話	*ɡroːds
刮	*kroːd
鴰	*kroːd, *koːd
趏	*kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌	*ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡	*ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢	*ɡroːd, *koːd
括	*koːd
活	*koːd, *ɡoːd
适	*koːd, *kʰoːd
栝	*koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸	*koːd, *ɡoːd
髺	*koːd
聒	*koːd
銛	*koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀	*koːd
懖	*koːd
筈	*koːd, *kʰoːd
萿	*koːd
蛞	*kʰoːd
闊	*kʰoːd
秳	*ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 + semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.		刮

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guā (gua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaat³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koat
• Min Nan (POJ): koat / koah / kuih / koeh / khe / khoe
• Wu (Wiktionary): kuaq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: guā
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: kua¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gua
    • IPA ^(key): /ku̯a̠⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaat³
    • Yale: gwaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: guad³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʷɑːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koat
    • Hakka Romanization System: guad`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guad⁵
    • IPA: /ku̯at̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koat
    • Tâi-lô: kuat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuat̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuat̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koah
    • Tâi-lô: kuah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koaq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuaʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuaʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuaʔ³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuaʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuaʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuih
    • Tâi-lô: kuih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuiq
    • IPA (Taipei): /kuiʔ³²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kuiʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koeh
    • Tâi-lô: kueh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koeq
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kueʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khe
    • Tâi-lô: khe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qef
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoe
    • Tâi-lô: khue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰue³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰue⁴⁴/

Note:

• koat - literary;
• koah - vernacular;
• kuih/koeh - vernacular (俗);
• khe/khoe - 磎 is used in the Mainland.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: kuaq (T4)
    • IPA ^(key): /kɯa̱ʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 刮
Mandarin	Beijing	/kua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kua²¹³/ ～風 /kʰua⁴⁴/ ～鬍子
	Tianjin	/kuɑ¹³/
	Jinan	/kua²¹³/ /kʰua²¹³/ ～臉
	Qingdao	/kua⁵⁵/ ～風 /kʰua⁵⁵/ ～臉
	Zhengzhou	/kua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kua²¹/
	Xining	/kua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kua¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kua¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kua²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kua²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kua³¹/
	Guiyang	/kua²¹/
	Kunming	/kua̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kuaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kuʌʔ¹³/ ～風 /kuɑ¹³/ ～鬍子
	Hohhot	/kuaʔ⁴³/ ～風 /kua³¹/ 耳～子
Wu	Shanghai	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kuaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kuɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ko²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kuaʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/kuːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kua²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/kuɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kuaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kuat̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/kuɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwat̚³/
	Nanning	/kʷat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kwat̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kuat̚³²/ /kuaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kuɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kua²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuaʔ²/ /kueʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kuak̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠuat̚/▼

Rime
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	黠 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古䫄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/kuat̚/
Wang Li	/kwat̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gua

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːd/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guā
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæt ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/
English	scrape (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刮
Reading #	1/1
No.	7559
Phonetic component	桰
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	刮
Old Chinese	/*kroːd/

DefinitionsEdit

刮

1. to shave; to pare off; to scrape
2. Alternative form of 颳／刮 (guā, “to blow”).
3. to wipe; to wipe clean
4. to plunder; to extort
5. (colloquial) to reprimand; to scold

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 刮 – see 颳. (This character, 刮, is the simplified form of 颳.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

刮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• On: かつ (katsu), けち (kechi)
• Kun: けずる (kezuru), きさぐ (kisagu), きさげ (kisage), こそぐ (kosogu), こそげる (kosogeru)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

刮 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄, revised gwal, McCune-Reischauer kwal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.