V
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Translingual edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌖 (u, “u”), from the Ancient Greek letter Υ (U, “ypsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤅 (w, “waw”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓏲. Doublet of Y and U.
Letter edit
V (lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See also edit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter V): Ṽṽ Ṿṿ Ʋʋ ᶌᶌ ⱱ ⱴ ᴠ Vv Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ Ww Ꝡꝡ
Numeral edit
V
Symbol edit
V
- The volt in the International System of Units.
- (chemistry) Symbol for vanadium.
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for valine
- (organic chemistry) The resin identification code for polyvinyl chloride, also PVC.
- (geometry) volume
- (set theory) Von Neumann universe
- (music) major dominant triad
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a vowel
- (Voice Quality Symbols) voice (modified for the kind of voice: 'nasal voice', 'harsh voice', etc.)
Gallery edit
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of V, in roman and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase V in Fraktur
See also edit
Other representations of V:
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v, plural Vs or V's)
- The twenty-second letter of the English alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun edit
- (grammar) Abbreviation of vocative case.
- (linguistics) Abbreviation of verb.
- (euphemistic) Vagina.
- Abbreviation of vowel.
- Abbreviation of velocity.
- (slang, countable) Viagra.
- 2017, James Wharton, Something for the Weekend[1], Biteback Publishing, →ISBN:
- The unfortunate, and quite ironic, side effect of all these chemicals is a penis that refuses to budge. Steven has been handing out the Vs in abundance for as the long as boys have been high in his second-floor flat, two for a fiver.
- Anything shaped like a V; synonym: vee.
- 2022, Maddie Mortimer, Maps of Our Spectacular Bodies, Picador, page 149:
- She watched him through the perfect V between the seats for the rest of the journey.
Derived terms edit
(velocity):
Preposition edit
V
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of over, prefix over-.
Symbol edit
V
- (titular) Viscount
- (titular) Viscountess
References edit
- The New Penguin Dictionary of Abbreviations: from A to zz, Rosalind Fergusson. (Penguin Books, 2000), page 390/1
Afrikaans edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Noun edit
Azerbaijani edit
Letter edit
V upper case (lower case v)
- The thirtieth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-third letter of the Basque alphabet, called uve and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
See also edit
Central Franconian edit
Etymology edit
- /v/ is from West Germanic stem-internal *b and *f; from stem-initial *f around Aachen and in the Netherlands.
- For the origin of /f/, see F. For the origin of /ʋ/, see W.
Pronunciation edit
- /v/, (German-based also) /f/, /ʋ/
Letter edit
V
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes edit
- In the German-based spelling of Moselle Franconian, v is used instead of regular w or f only after the German cognate.
- In the German-based spelling of Ripuarian (without Aachen region), initial v is used as above, but internal v is the regular spelling for /v/.
- In Aachen and the Netherlands there is a threefold phonemic distinction between w /ʋ/, v /v/, f /f/, which the spelling reflects.
- In the German-based spelling, v is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem. In the syllable coda, the choice between v and f may be based on internal analogy, but more often follows the German cognate.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, v is doubled after short vowels. Coda v is automatically replaced with f.
Chinese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Classifier edit
V
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, electricity) volt (unit of voltage)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Letter edit
V
- The twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2 edit
Letter edit
V
- The twenty-second letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes edit
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education, and another pronunciation is commonly used instead. In the case of V, 《汉语拼音方案》 defines its pronunciation as ㄪㄝ, using the initial ㄪ (vō /v/), which is obsolete in standard Mandarin. This is one of the only instances of the letter being used in standard Pinyin.
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (capital, lowercase v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See also edit
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called vo and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and V for information on the development of the glyph itself. The letter was only rarely used prior to the 19th century, when it replaced W.
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Finnish alphabet, called vee and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
German edit
Etymology edit
For the origin of the letter, see v.
Germanic f was pronounced [v] in some dialects of Middle High German and was predominantly spelt v. This voicing was later reversed stem-initially in most dialects and stem-internally in some (including Standard German). In inherited words, the spelling mostly switched back to f accordingly. This always happened before l, r, u, ü, but otherwise there remains a number of relicts. These are the prefix ver-, the words Frevel, Vater, Vetter, Vieh, viel, vier, Vogel, Volk, voll, von, vor, and their derivatives.
In native German proper nouns, initial V is always /f/, but the internal pronunciation is hard to predict and differs by region. For example, it is usually /f/ in northern German placenames (e.g. Hannover, Havel, Jever), but /v/ in western ones (e.g. Grevenbroich, Leverkusen, Overath).
V was retained in words of foreign origin and its pronunciation varied. The contemporary standard is normally /v/, but always /f/ in Eva, Vau, Veilchen, Veit, Vettel, Vlies, Vogt. The words Vers, Vesper, Vize have /f/ in Germany, but usually /v/ in Austria. Both ways are de-facto standard in Evangelium, hieven, Larve, Nerven, Pulver (though dictionaries may recognise only one form or the other).
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the German alphabet, called Vau and written in the Latin script.
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The thirty-eighth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called vé and written in the Latin script.
Declension edit
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | V | V-k |
accusative | V-t | V-ket |
dative | V-nek | V-knek |
instrumental | V-vel | V-kkel |
causal-final | V-ért | V-kért |
translative | V-vé | V-kké |
terminative | V-ig | V-kig |
essive-formal | V-ként | V-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | V-ben | V-kben |
superessive | V-n | V-ken |
adessive | V-nél | V-knél |
illative | V-be | V-kbe |
sublative | V-re | V-kre |
allative | V-hez | V-khez |
elative | V-ből | V-kből |
delative | V-ről | V-kről |
ablative | V-től | V-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
V-é | V-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
V-éi | V-kéi |
Possessive forms of V | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | V-m | V-im |
2nd person sing. | V-d | V-id |
3rd person sing. | V-je | V-i |
1st person plural | V-nk | V-ink |
2nd person plural | V-tek | V-itek |
3rd person plural | V-jük | V-ik |
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Irish edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The nineteenth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case v)
- The twentieth letter of the Italian alphabet, called vu or vi and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
- Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References edit
- ^ V in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The thirty-first letter of the Latvian alphabet, called vē and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [vi]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [v]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [f]
Letter edit
V
- The twenty-second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
V
- Nonstandard spelling of Ü.
Usage notes edit
- In Hanyu Pinyin, the letter v is unused, except for the official pronunciation of the letter V. However, the ease of typing into a computer means that it is sometimes used in place of Ü.
Norwegian edit
Letter edit
V (upper case V, lower case v)
- the 22th letter of the Norwegian alphabet
Usage notes edit
In older texts may be replaced by w, u, fu, ffv, fw, ff or fv.
Nupe edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Portuguese edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Romani edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- (International Standard) The twenty-ninth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The thirtieth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Romanian edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called ve or vî and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Russian edit
Etymology edit
Derived from восток (vostok, “east, eastern Ukraine”). Like the Z sign, the V sign was initially used for vehicles targeted towards Kyiv, and later popularised by the Russian government on social media as a rallying symbol.
Pronunciation edit
Symbol edit
V (lower case v)
- the Roman letter V, v
- Synonym: вэ (vɛ)
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) (politics) a dogwhistle for supporting the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- #силаVправде (hashtag using V by Russian nationalists in support for war against Ukraine)
- #silaVpravde
- "our strength is in truth"
Usage notes edit
Russian nationalists replace instances of the Cyrillic letter В (V) with Roman V in some words and usernames.
See also edit
- Z
- В (V), в (v)
- своих не бросаем (svoix ne brosajem)
- спецоперация (specoperacija)
Skolt Sami edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (lower case v)
- The thirty-second letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Slovene edit
Letter edit
V (capital, lowercase v)
- The 23rd letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by U and followed by Z.
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- the 23rd letter of the Spanish alphabet
Swedish edit
Alternative forms edit
- ve (spelled out)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin V. First attested in 1602.[1]
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- the 22nd letter of the Swedish alphabet
- (historical) the 21st letter of the Swedish alphabet (when I and J was not viewed as separate letters)
- (historical) the 20th letter of the Swedish alphabet (when U and V was not viewed as separate letters)
Usage notes edit
- The letter W is sometimes seen as an alternative form of V and not a separate letter.
- In some situations, such as in URLs, the pronunciation of the separate letter W is identical to that of V.
- Since 2006 the letter W has been categorised as a separate letter by the dictionary Svenska Akademins Ordlista (SAOL). Before that, it was viewed as a variant of the letter V and sorted thereunder.[2]
Proper noun edit
V ? (genitive V:s)
- Abbreviation of Vänsterpartiet (“Left Party”).
References edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
From Spanish V. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English V.
- Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish V.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: V
- (letter name, Filipino alphabet):
- (letter name, Abecedario):
- (phoneme):
- Rhymes: -i, -e
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called vi and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The twenty-fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called ve and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes edit
- This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
- Some purists of Tagalog replace V in words with B.
See also edit
- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Further reading edit
- “V”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Turkish alphabet, called ve and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ve˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [vej˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [vej˧˧] ~ [jej˧˧]
- Phonetic: vêInvalid params in call to Template:vi-IPA: 2=vờ
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called vê or vờ and written in the Latin script.
See also edit
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
Zulu edit
Letter edit
V (upper case, lower case v)
- The twenty-second letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.