Wiktionary

艾

See also: 𦫿
艾 U+827E, 艾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-827E
← 艽
[U+827D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 艿 →
[U+827F]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

艾 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿大 (TK) or 難廿大 (XTK), four-corner 44400, composition ⿱艹乂)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1017, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30648
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1475, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3172, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+827E

Chinese edit

trad. 艾
simp. # 艾

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (乂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艾 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
鴱 *ŋaːds, *ŋads
餀 *hŋaːds
刈 *ŋads
乂 *ŋads

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːds, *ŋads) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 乂 (OC *ŋads).

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • nê4 - vernacular;
    • ngai4 - literary.
Note:
  • ngié - vernacular;
  • ngái - literary.
Note:
  • hiāⁿ - vernacular;
  • gāi/ngāi - literary;
  • ài - limited.
Note:
  • hian7 - vernacular;
  • ngai6 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 艾
Mandarin Beijing /ai⁵¹/
Harbin /ai⁵³/
Tianjin /nai⁵³/
Jinan /ŋɛ²¹/
Qingdao /ɣɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ai³¹²/
Xi'an /ŋai⁴⁴/
Xining /nɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /ɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /ŋai²¹³/
Wuhan /ai³⁵/
Chengdu /ŋai¹³/
Guiyang /ŋai²¹³/
/ai²¹³/ 新
Kunming /æ²¹²/
Nanjing /ae⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʐe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ŋæ³⁵/
Hohhot /ŋɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ŋe²³/
Suzhou /ŋe̞¹³/
Hangzhou /ŋe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋe²²/
Hui Shexian /ŋa²²/
Tunxi /ŋa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋai⁵⁵/
/ŋai¹¹/
Xiangtan /ŋai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ŋai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ne⁵³/
Taoyuan /oi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²²/
Nanning /ŋai²²/
Hong Kong /ŋai²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gai²²/
/hiã²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋiɛ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋuɛ⁴⁴/
/ŋai⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hiã³¹/
/ŋãi³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ai³⁵/
/ŋia²³/
Rime
Character 艾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五蓋切
Baxter ngajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋajH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 艾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ŋˁa[t]-s/
English Artemisia; moxa

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艾
Reading # 1/2
No. 14953
Phonetic
component 		乂
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		艾
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋaːds/

Definitions edit

艾

  1. mugwort, especially Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi)
  2. (obsolete) green
  3. (literary) pale; greyish white
  4. (literary) elderly person
  5. (literary) to end; to stop
    方興未艾／方兴未艾  ―  fāngxīnɡwèi'ài  ―  to be in the ascendant
  6. (literary) beautiful lady
  7. (obsolete) to nurture; to foster
  8. (historical) an ancient place in modern-day Xiushui County, Jiangxi
  9. (historical) a mountain in modern-day Xintai, Shandong
  10. a surname
Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

From 愛. See 愛滋病 for more.

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

艾

  1. Only used in 艾滋病 (àizībìng).

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 艾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 廢 (27)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚肺切
Baxter ngjojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨɐiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɐiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨajH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐiH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɐiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngai6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 艾
Reading # 2/2
No. 14958
Phonetic
component 		乂
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		刈
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋads/

Definitions edit

艾

  1. † Alternative form of 刈 (yì, “to mow; to harvest; to chop; to exterminate; sickle”)
  2. † Alternative form of 乂 (“to govern; to control; to pacify; to admonish”)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

艾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. artemisia; mugwort, sagebrush, wormwood

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH); compare Mandarin 艾 (ài):

  • Go-on: がい (gai)
  • Kan-on: がい (gai)

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH); compare Mandarin 艾 (yì):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
艾
もぐさ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
 もぐさ on Japanese Wikipedia

Possibly From 燃(も)ゆ (moyu, “to burn”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

艾(もぐさ) • (mogusa) 

  1. mugwort
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • English: moxa, moxibustion

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
艾
よもぎ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
蓬
 ヨモギ on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

艾(よもぎ) • (yomogi) 

  1. mugwort
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngajH).

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

艾 (eumhun 쑥 애 (ssuk ae))

  1. moxa, mugwort
Compounds edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Chinese 艾 (MC ngjojH).

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

艾 (eumhun 다스릴 예 (daseuril ye))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Compounds edit

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
  • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [3]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

艾: Hán Nôm readings: ngải, nghệ, nghễ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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