l'
Asturian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Contraction of the masculine article el.
Article edit
l' m
- (definite) the
Usage notes edit
- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l'asturianu (the Asturian), l'hermanu (the brother)
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction of the feminine article la.
Article edit
l' f
- (definite) the
Usage notes edit
- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l'asturiana (the Asturian), l'habitación (the habitation)
Related terms edit
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
l' m or f
Usage notes edit
- el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
- l'avi ― the grandfather
- la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
- l'àvia ― the grandmother
- l'hora ― the hour
- l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
- la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance
Pronoun edit
l'
Usage notes edit
- l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
- L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
- La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.
Declension edit
Corsican edit
Article edit
l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the
Pronoun edit
l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them
See also edit
References edit
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
l' (definite)
Usage notes edit
It is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.
A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.
When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).
Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.
Derived terms edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
l’ m or f (singular, definite)
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: the
- (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
- À la manifestation, / on rêvait d’révolution / se gelant l’cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d’mars
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Pronoun edit
l’ m or f (third-person singular)
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
- (Quebec, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine (lyrics and music), “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
- Icitte y’a papa qui se r’met / fe sa p’tite opération / t’aurais du l’voir, y fakait / fallait l’traiter aux p’tits oignons
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Related terms edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Further reading edit
- “l'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian edit
Friulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
Article edit
l' m or f (definite)
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Contration of li, from French lui.
Pronoun edit
l'
Ido edit
Article edit
l'
Italian edit
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
l' m or f (apocopated) (definite)
Pronoun edit
l' m or f (apocopated)
Usage notes edit
- Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Ladin edit
Article edit
l' f (singular)
See also edit
Leonese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Contraction of the masculine article el.
Article edit
l' m sg
Usage notes edit
- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.
Etymology 2 edit
Contraction of the feminine article la.
Article edit
l' f sg
Usage notes edit
- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.
Ligurian edit
Article edit
l' m sg (definite)
- (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)
Middle French edit
Article edit
l'
Usage notes edit
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Neapolitan edit
Etymology edit
Particle edit
l' m and f (singular and plural definite)
Old French edit
Article edit
l'
Usage notes edit
- Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Romagnol edit
Alternative forms edit
- e' before a consonant
Article edit
l' m (before a vowel)
Sassarese edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
l'
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
Pronoun edit
l'
Usage notes edit
- Used before a vowel sound.